Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Seriousness and lethality of attempted suicide: a systematic review
- Authors:
- LIOTTA Marco, MENTO Carmela, SETTINERIC Salvatore
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 21, 2015, pp.97-109.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The concepts of seriousness and lethality of suicide attempts are essential to the assessment of suicide risk and, therefore, to prevent suicidal behaviour. A review of the literature was conducted in order to identify the most important factors that increase the seriousness and potential lethality of attempted suicide. The factors identified were incorporated into four main categories: progression along the suicide continuum; age and gender; mental disorders and method of suicide. Although each category contains independent risk factors for the severity of the suicide attempt, their combination both within and, above all, between them, has emerged as the most important predictor of suicidal behaviour. (Publisher abstract)
Attributable risk of psychiatric and socio-economic factors for suicide from individual-level, population-based studies: a systematic review
- Authors:
- LI Zhuoyang, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 72(4), February 2011, pp.608-616.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Fourteen case-control and cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Although relative risk for suicide was much higher for psychiatric disorders compared to socioeconomic factors, the population attributable risk for some socioeconomic factors and some psychiatric disorders were found to be of the same order of magnitude. The suggestion that public health policy on suicide prevention should focus on lower risk, but higher prevalence, socioeconomic factors is discussed.
Religion and the risk of suicide: longitudinal study of over 1 million people
- Authors:
- O'REILLY Dermot, ROSATO Michael
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(6), 2015, pp.466-470.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Durkheim’s seminal historical study demonstrated that religious affiliation reduces suicide risk, but it is unclear whether this protective effect persists in modern, more secular societies. Aims: To examine suicide risk according to Christian religious affiliation and by inference to examine underlying mechanisms for suicide risk. If church attendance is important, risk should be lowest for Roman Catholics and highest for those with no religion; if religiosity is important, then ‘conservative’ Christians should fare best. Method: A 9-year study followed 1 106 104 people aged 16–74 years at the 2001 UK census, using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for census-based cohort attributes. Results: In fully adjusted models analysing 1119 cases of suicide, Roman Catholics, Protestants and those professing no religion recorded similar risks. The risk associated with conservative Christians was lower than that for Catholics (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.97). Conclusions: The relationship between religious affiliation and suicide established by Durkheim may not pertain in societies where suicide rates are highest at younger ages. Risks are similar for those with and without a religious affiliation, and Catholics (who traditionally are characterised by higher levels of church attendance) do not demonstrate lower risk of suicide. However, religious affiliation is a poor measure of religiosity, except for a small group of conservative Christians, although their lower risk of suicide may be attributable to factors such as lower risk behaviour and alcohol consumption. (Publisher abstract)
Risk of suicide after suicide attempt according to coexisting psychiatric disorder: Swedish cohort study with long term follow-up
- Authors:
- TIDEMALM Dag, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 6.12.09, 2008, pp.1328-1330.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
This study aimed to investigate the impact of coexistent psychiatric morbidity on risk of suicide after a suicide attempt. Participants were 39,685 people (53% women) admitted to hospital for attempted suicide during 1973-82. A high proportion of suicides in all diagnostic categories took place within the first year of follow-up (14-64% in men, 14-54% in women); the highest short term risk was associated with bipolar and unipolar disorder (64% in men, 42% in women) and schizophrenia (56% in men, 54% in women). The strongest psychiatric predictors of completed suicide throughout the entire follow-up were schizophrenia (adjusted hazard ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 3.5 to 4.8 in men, 3.5, 2.8 to 4.4 in women) and bipolar and unipolar disorder (3.5, 3.0 to 4.2 in men, 2.5, 2.1 to 3.0 in women). Increased risks were also found for other depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, alcohol misuse (women), drug misuse, and personality disorder. The highest population attributable fractions for suicide among people who had previously attempted suicide were found for other depression in women (population attributable fraction 9.3), followed by schizophrenia in men (4.6), and bipolar and unipolar disorder in women and men (4.1 and 4.0, respectively). Type of psychiatric disorder coexistent with a suicide attempt substantially influences overall risk and temporality for completed suicide. To reduce this risk, high risk patients need aftercare, especially during the first two years after attempted suicide among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar and unipolar disorder.
Avoidable deaths: five year report of the national confidential inquiry into suicide and homicide by people with mental illness
- Author:
- UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER. Centre for Suicide Prevention. National Confidential Inquiry
- Publisher:
- University of Manchester. Centre for Suicide Prevention. National Confidential Inquiry
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 170p.
- Place of publication:
- Manchester
National study finds 1 in 20 homicides committed by people with schizophrenia; many are preventable. Over 50 homicides are committed each year in England and Wales by mental health patients, according to a new report by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness (NCI). Many follow poor recognition of risk by mental health services. However, the number of cases is not increasing, and the risk of random killings by mentally ill people has not risen in the last 30 years. The NCI examined all suicides and homicides by mental health patients over a 5-year period. Of the 600 homicide convictions per year in England and Wales, it found that 30 (5%) were committed by people with schizophrenia, although only half were patients. There were 1,300 patient suicides per year. Suicides by in-patients have fallen – there were 67 fewer suicides in 2004 compared to 1997. Suicides by hanging on mental health wards, have halved from 53 to 26 per year. Suicides following refusal to take treatment have also fallen.
Physical health and mental disorder in elderly suicide: a case-control study
- Authors:
- PRÉVILLE Michel, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 9(6), November 2005, pp.576-584.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The psychological autopsy method was used to study 95 cases of suicide. Ninety-five comparison subjects matched for gender, age, region, and date of death were selected from the death register. This study showed that suicide cases did not differ from controls with regard to the number of chronic health problems and, compared to the suicide cases, the controls had less functional autonomy six months prior to death. If minor and sub-threshold depression cases were included, 74.7% of the suicide cases would have been considered as having a mental health disorder compared to 12.6% in the control group. When the effect of other co-variables were controlled for, multivariate analysis showed that suicide cases and controls did not differ according to marital status, education, income, and living arrangement. Furthermore, suicide cases were no more likely than controls to seldom meet with family members or friends or to have been isolated during the six-month period preceding their death. Our findings suggest that detection of psychiatric disorders, mainly depression, must be included in late life suicide prevention strategies.
Differences in suicide behaviour in the elderly: a study in two provinces of Northern Italy
- Authors:
- ZEPPEGNO P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(8), August 2005, pp.769-775.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study investigates the suicide phenomenon among older people (people aged 65 and over) in the Italian provinces of Novara and Verbania, in the time span between January 1990 and December 2000, in order to evaluate if the characteristics of the suicide behaviour correlate to the place of living with particular attention to the psychosocial factors. The information was collected from the Republic Procuration of the two provinces. Frequencies and contingency tables were evaluated to compare the data found in the two provinces. Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) with their confidential intervals (95% confidence intervals) were calculated in comparison with the average suicide rates in North West Italy in the same period and in the same age group. One hundred and eighty-four suicides were committed from the elderly, with an average rate of 14.07 per 100,000 inhabitants in Novara and 25.56 in Verbania. The most common methods used to commit suicide were hanging and jumping from height. The factors chiefly related to suicide were mental disease, followed by organic illness. The analysis of SMRs point out that the incidence of suicide in the province of Verbania is higher than in North West Italy while in Novara it is lower. The evaluation of the suicide risk in the elderly in a diagnostic and preventive framework must take into consideration the psychosocial factors that vary with the place of living.
What should you expect at your age?
- Authors:
- MANTHORPE Jill, ILIFFE Steve
- Journal article citation:
- Openmind, 132, March 2005, pp.6-8.
- Publisher:
- MIND
Discusses complaints of gross neglect of mental health services for older people and an alleged national scandal of ignoring their heightened suicide risk are often heard, asking what is going on and why such services are still seen as the Cinderella. Asks how things might be improved by the voluntary sector, drawing on its experiences and critical perspectives.
The Wessex Recent In-Patient Suicide Study 1: case-control study of 234 recently discharged psychiatric patient suicides
- Authors:
- KING Elizabeth A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, June 2001, pp.531-536.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Psychiatric patients have a higher suicide risk following hospital discharge. Article aims to identify social, clinical and health-care delivery factors in recently discharged patients. Found that independent increased-risk factors were: not being White; living alone; history of deliberate self-harm (DSH); suicidal ideation precipitating admission; hopelessness; admission under different consultant; onset of relationship difficulties; loss of job; in-patient DSH; unplanned discharge; significant care professional leaving/on leave. Reduced-risk factors were: shared accommodation; delusions at admission; misuse of non-prescribed substances; and continuity of contact. Concludes that continuity of contact may reduce suicide risk. Discontinuity of care from a significant professional is associated with increased risk of suicide.
The influence of thoughts of death and suicidal ideation on the course of depression in older depressed patients
- Authors:
- BOGERS Ista C.H.M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(8), 2017, pp.882-891.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Thoughts of death are not regularly included in diagnostic instruments and rarely examined separately from thoughts of suicide. This exploratory study examined whether thoughts of death and thoughts of suicide affect the course of late-life depressive disorders. Methods: In 378 depressed older persons, thoughts of death and thoughts of suicide were assessed using questions from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. After 2 years, the presence of a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of minor or major depression or dysthymia was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology was administered every 6 months up till 3-year follow-up. Results: Multinomial logistic regression showed that thoughts of death as well as thoughts of suicide predicted double depression at follow-up (OR = 2.14 [95% CI: 1.04–4.40] and OR = 6.47 [95% CI: 2.22–3.02], respectively), compared with patients without these thoughts. Results became non-significant when adjusted for baseline depression severity (OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.52–2.63] and OR = 2.57 [95% CI: 0.79–8.84], respectively). Mixed linear models showed that severity of depression was lowest in the reference group, while symptoms decreased more over time in those with either thoughts of death or suicide. Conclusions: Patients with thoughts of death or with thoughts of suicide were more severely depressed at baseline and follow-up, with the highest risk of being depressed at follow-up for patients with thoughts of suicide. These associations could be explained by baseline depression severity. The results suggest that thoughts of death and thoughts of suicide are important risk markers in predicting the course of depression. (Publisher abstract)