Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Emotional well-being and mental health of looked after children in England
- Authors:
- MCAULEY Colette, DAVIS Teresa
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 14(2), May 2009, pp.147-155.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article examines the evidence on prevalence of mental health problems amongst looked after children in England. In previous national prevalence studies forty-five per cent of looked after children in England were found to have a diagnosable mental health disorder. In contrast, this is to one in 10 in the general population. Carers estimated that mental health problems were even more widespread. Children with mental health disorders were also more likely to have education, health and social issues. This paper discusses the findings and argues for early intervention along with inter-departmental and interdisciplinary approaches. The recent Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Review clearly indicates that issues of access to appropriate and timely Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services remain. However, the introduction of evidence-based approaches is encouraging. Young people's views on the services they want and on what is important for emotional well-being and mental health are important considerations.
Young adult outcomes and mental health problems among transition age youth investigated for maltreatment during adolescence
- Authors:
- SOUTHERLAND Dannia, CASANUEVA Cecilia E., RINGEISEN Heather
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 31(9), September 2009, pp.947-956.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This American study examines the young adult outcomes of a nationally representative cohort of transition age youth who were involved with the Child Welfare System (CWS) during adolescence. The demographic and psychosocial characteristics, risk of mental health problems, and developmental milestones related to young adult outcome among these transition age youth are reported. The effect of risk for mental health problems on young adult outcomes, over and above other psychosocial risk factors were also examined. Many youth were living in poverty, getting married early and already parenting, involved with the criminal justice system and had high levels of mental health need. Being at risk for a mental health problem increased the likelihood of criminal justice system involvement for these youth. Youth transitioning to adulthood with a history of CWS involvement appear to be at risk for negative developmental outcomes. Findings are consistent with previous findings and highlight the risks associated with the transition to adulthood for youth who were involved with the CWS in adolescence.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders as precursors of bipolar disorder onset in adulthood
- Authors:
- MEIER Sandra M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(3), 2018, pp.555-560.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders have been proposed as precursors of bipolar disorder, but their joint and relative roles in the development of bipolar disorder are unknown. Aims: To test the prospective relationship of ADHD and anxiety with onset of bipolar disorder. Method: The relationship between ADHD, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder in a birth cohort of 2 409 236 individuals born in Denmark between 1955 and 1991 was examined. Individuals were followed from their sixteenth birthday or from January 1995 to their first clinical contact for bipolar disorder or until December 2012. The incidence rates per 10 000 person-years was calculated and tested the effects of prior diagnoses on the risk of bipolar disorder in survival models. Results: Over 37 394 865 person-years follow-up, 9250 onsets of bipolar disorder occurred. The incidence rate of bipolar disorder was 2.17 (95% CI 2.12–2.19) in individuals with no prior diagnosis of ADHD or anxiety, 23.86 (95% CI 19.98–27.75) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of ADHD only, 26.05 (95% CI 24.47–27.62) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of anxiety only and 66.16 (95% CI 44.83–87.47) in those with prior diagnoses of both ADHD and anxiety. The combination of ADHD and anxiety increased the risk of bipolar disorder 30-fold (95% CI 21.66–41.40) compared with those with no prior ADHD or anxiety. Conclusions: Early manifestations of both internalising and externalising psychopathology indicate liability to bipolar disorder. The combination of ADHD and anxiety is associated with a very high risk of bipolar disorder. (Edited publisher abstract)
Who drops-out? Do measures of risk to self and to others predict unplanned endings in primary care counselling?
- Authors:
- SAXON David, RICKETTS Tom, HEYWOOD Joanna
- Journal article citation:
- Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10(1), March 2010, pp.13-21.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The unplanned ending of therapy is of concern because it raises questions about the appropriateness of the treatment and it's delivery for some clients. Limited available data indicates that those who drop-out often have more severe symptoms at entry, and have poorer clinical outcomes. This paper, using a large dataset of CORE data collected routinely from the Sheffield Primary Care Psychological Therapy service between 2000 and 2003, employed logistic regression to consider different measures of risk and other client characteristics recorded during assessment to predict drop-out from the service. The findings suggest that younger age, greater psychological distress during assessment or an addiction problem are associated with an unplanned ending. However, no reliable logistic regression model could be produced, possibly due to data quality issues or important characteristics not being available in the data. The authors conclude that counsellors should actively seek to minimise unplanned endings, as amongst them may be the more distressed and risky clients referred to primary care counselling.
Negative consequences of hearing impairment in old age: longitudinal analysis
- Authors:
- STRAWBRIDGE William J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 40(3), June 2000, pp.320-326.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
To determine whether functional and psychosocial outcomes associated with hearing impairment are a direct result or stem from prevalent comorbidity, the authors analysed the impact of two levels of reported hearing impairment on health and psychosocial functioning one year later with adjustments for baseline chronic conditions, Physical functioning, mental health, and social functioning decreased in a dose-response pattern for those with progressive levels of hearing impairment compared with those reporting no impairment. The results demonstrate an independent impact of hearing impairment on functional outcomes, reveal increasing problems with higher levels of impairment, and support the importance of preventing and treating this highly prevalent condition.
Family history as a predictor of poor long-term outcome in depression
- Authors:
- DUGGAN C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, December 1998, pp.527-530.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Investigates whether family history has prognostic significance in depression in a study which addresses some of the methodological short-comings of previous studies. Results found positive family history of severe psychiatric illness was associated with poor outcome in the proband. This association persisted after controlling for variable family size, age structure and gender. Concludes that family history of severe psychiatric illness in a first-degree relative may be useful as one of the vulnerability factors for predicting poor long-term outcome in depression.
Subjective ratings of emotional health as risk factor for major depression in a community sample
- Authors:
- HOFF Raini A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, February 1997, pp.167-172.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Although subjective ratings of health have been shown to be accurate predictors of physical health outcomes, there is little research on the association between subjective emotional health (SEH) and psychiatric outcomes. This article utilises data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study to explore the relationship between baseline SEH and the risk for major depression in the next year. Found that the age- and gender-adjusted relationship between SEH and depression is quite significant, and remains so after adjusting for other factors associated with major depression. The more positive the SEH rating, the lower the risk of an episode of depression in the next year. Explores some possible explanation for this association including possible confounders that were not accounted for and the possibility that SEH ratings pose an independent risk for major depression.
Service evaluation of the need for care and clinical risk management procedures using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) secure
- Authors:
- LIDDIARD Kim, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Practice, 21(1), 2019, pp.61-70.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the current forensic mental health inpatient population within a medium secure unit is more or less complex (i.e. clinical and risk presentations) than former years using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) secure. Additionally, the use of the HoNOS secure as a service-wide measure is discussed in terms of its usefulness. Clinical implications and recommendations are offered for the continued use of the HoNOS secure in services more widely. Design/methodology/approach: A retrospective case review of completed HoNOS secure assessments for 130 patients over three time intervals 2012, 2015 and 2018 was used. A multivariate analysis was performed on the data using SPSS version 25. Findings: The findings revealed that contrary to clinical opinion, inpatients’ clinical and risk presentations had not changed significantly overtime. Research limitations/implications: The study shows the benefits of using the HoNOS secure at a service-wide level to explore and understand similarities and differences in inpatient admissions over time. It also highlights the usefulness of the HoNOS secure for considering different ward characteristics and the needs of patients residing in these environments. Originality/value: Although much research exists surrounding the individual use of the HoNOS secure in relation to outcomes, there is limited research focusing on use of the HoNOS secure at the service level. The paper therefore provides evidence of the utility and value of the HoNOS secure as a service-level outcome measure.
The impacts of child sexual abuse: a rapid evidence assessment
- Authors:
- FISHER Cate, et al
- Publisher:
- Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 196
- Place of publication:
- London
This rapid evidence assessment (RAE) summarises the existing evidence for the impacts of child sexual abuse on victims and survivors throughout their lives, in relation to physical health, emotional wellbeing and mental health; externalising behaviours, interpersonal relationships, socio-economic impact, religious and spiritual beliefs and vulnerability to revictimisation. The REA also looks at impact of CSA on the families of victims and survivors and wider society. Searches were conducted using peer-reviewed journal databases and sources of grey literature during 2016 and the results of over 200 of the most relevant and robust studies were synthesised for the report. The review found compelling evidence that CSA is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in almost every sphere of victims and survivors’ lives, and that this risk can persist across their lifespan. It also identified impacts for family members of the victims and survivors, and for wider society in both financial and less tangible ways. The evidence also shows that resilience and recovery are possible for victims and survivors. Protective factors identified include the receipt of effective support services and a positive and sensitive response from family, friends and professionals following disclosure of CSA. The review identifies evidence gaps in a number of areas, including the impact of CSA on pre-adolescent and older (65 plus) victims and survivors, as well as on black and minority ethnic (BME), lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) and disabled people. (Edited publisher abstract)
The survival and characteristics of older people with and without dementia who are hospitalised following intentional self-harm
- Authors:
- MITCHELL Rebecca, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(8), 2017, pp.892-900.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Characteristics of older people with and without dementia who are hospitalised following self-harm remains largely unexplored. This research compares the characteristics of older people with and without dementia who self-harm, compares associations of mental health-related diagnoses with those hospitalised for a self-harm and a non-self-harm injury and examines mortality by injury intent. Method: A population-based study of individuals aged 50+ years with and without dementia admitted to hospital for a self-harm injury (and those with other injuries) using linked hospital admission and mortality records during 2003–2012 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Health outcomes, including hospital length of stay (LOS), 28-day readmission and 30-day and 12-month mortality were examined by dementia status. Results: There were 427 hospitalisations of individuals with dementia and 11,684 hospitalisations of individuals without dementia following self-harm. The hospitalisation rate for self-harm for individuals with dementia aged 60+ years was double the rate for individuals without dementia (72.2 and 37.5 per 100,000). For both older people with and without dementia, those who self-harmed were more likely to have co-existent mental health and alcohol use disorders than individuals who had a non-self-harm injury. Individuals with dementia had higher 12-month mortality rates, 28-day readmission and longer LOS than individuals without dementia. Conclusion: Dementia is associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation for self-harm in older people and worse outcomes. The high rate of coexistent mental health conditions suggests that interventions which reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia might reduce self-harm in people with dementia (Publisher abstract)