Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Dual diagnosis: HIV and mental illness: a population-based study
- Authors:
- STOSKOPF Carleen H., KIM Yang K., GLOVER Saundra H.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 37(6), December 2001, pp.469-479.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This is a American cross-sectional, population-based study using hospital discharge abstract data to determine the relative risk associated with having a dual diagnosis of mental illness and HIV/AIDS. The analysis addressed issues of gender, race, and age, as well as type of mental illness. Persons with a mental illness are 1.44 times more likely to have HIV/AIDS. Women are at increased risk of being dually diagnosed. There are no risk differences by race. Those with specific diagnosis of substance abuse or a depressive disorder are more likely to have a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.
Patterns, predictors and gender differences in HIV risk among severely mentally ill men and women
- Authors:
- OTTO-SALAJ Laura L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 34(2), April 1998, pp.175-190.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Presents the findings of research examining risk factors and patterns of risk behaviour among the severely mentally ill population in the USA, which contribute to their elevated vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. Factors predictive of greater risk were being female, presently being in a relationship, perceiving oneself to be at risk, high levels of alcohol use, and weak risk reduction behavioural intentions.
Substance use and mental health problems as predictors of HIV sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in foster care
- Authors:
- THOMPSON Ronald G. Jr., AUSLANDER Wendy F.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 36(1), February 2011, pp.33-43.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which substance use and specific mental health problems increase the likelihood of adolescents engaging in HIV sexual risk behaviours. It used data collected through interviews with a sample of 320 adolescents, aged from 15-18 years, who had been placed in foster care or other out-of-home care by the child welfare services of a midwestern metropolitan area in the US and had participated in a larger evaluation study of an HIV prevention programme. This article describes the research and its results. It confirmed that many of the foster care adolescents interviewed used substances, reported mental health problems, and engaged in sexual activities without condoms. Alcohol and marijuana were the most commonly used substances, and delinquent behaviour and marijuana use were the most significant predictors of engaging in any one HIV risk behaviour. The authors highlight the importance of further research to identify risk and protective factors for substance use, mental health problems and HIV sexual risk behaviours, and develop effective prevention efforts targeting these factors among adolescents in foster care.
Psychopathology and transmission risk behaviors in patients with HIV/AIDS
- Authors:
- NEWVILLE Howard, HALLER Deborah L.
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(10), October 2010, pp.1259-1268.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study tests the hypothesis that patients with HIV/AIDS and psychiatric illness or alcohol and drug dependence are likely to display more HIV risk behaviour than those with no comorbidity. Sex and drug risk behaviours for 228 HIV+ patients (mean age 36 years) attending an ID clinic in Virginia were compared across four diagnostic groups: no diagnosis; psychiatric only; substance dependence only; and co-morbid psychiatric and substance dependence. Significant group differences were observed for having multiple sex partners, condom use, and injection drug use (IDU), but not for sharing of injection equipment. Patients with co-morbid psychiatric and substance disorders reported multiple sex partners most frequently, while substance dependence contributed to irregular condom use and IDU. Analysis by substance use subgroup (no dependence, alcohol dependence only, drug dependence only, co-morbid alcohol, and drug dependence) showed that alcohol dependence contributed to having multiple sex partners, while alcohol and drug dependence both contributed to irregular condom use. Only drug dependence contributed to drug risk. The authors suggest that brief screening tools might be helpful starting point in determining which HIV+ patients require more intensive intervention to increase their chances of successfully decreasing risk behaviour.
Associations among violence exposure, mental disorder, substance use disorder, and HIV
- Authors:
- SHERBA R. Thomas, SINGER Mark I.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 9(1), January 2010, pp.58-76.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Through the application of the conceptual model of HIV infection this study attempted to affirm the associations of violence exposure and co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (COD) with HIV. The study investigated what proportion of individuals who experience a lifetime mental health issue also experience lifetime violence exposure; whether the proportion of individuals who experience both a lifetime mental health issue and lifetime violence exposure differ based on HIV status; whether lifetime violence exposure is significantly associated with HIV infection; and whether COD is significantly associated with HIV infection. Participants were clients assessed for alcohol and other drug treatment through the network of providers overseen by the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services Board of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, from December 2001 to July 2007. The study sample comprised 319 HIV infected subjects and 319 matched HIV uninfected subjects. The prevalence rate of COD with HIV infection was 26.3%. Through logistic regression modelling, both violence exposure and COD were found to be associated with HIV infection.
Psychosocial predictors of somatic symptoms in adolescents of parents with HIV: a six-year longitudinal study
- Authors:
- BURSCH B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 20(6), July 2008, pp.667-676.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The objective of this study was to identify salient parent and adolescent psychosocial factors related to somatic symptoms in adolescents. As part of a larger intervention study conducted in New York, 409 adolescents were recruited from 269 parents with HIV. A longitudinal model predicted adolescent somatization scores six years after baseline assessment. Adolescent somatic symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 3-month intervals for the first two years and then at 6-month intervals using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Baseline data from adolescents and parents were used to predict adolescent somatic symptoms. Variables related to increased adolescent somatic symptoms over six years included being younger and female; an increased number of adolescent medical hospitalizations; more stressful life events; adolescent perception of a highly rejecting parenting style; more parent-youth conflict; no experience of parental death; and parental distress over their own pain symptoms. The findings extend the literature by virtue of the longitudinal design; inclusion of both parent and child variables in one statistical model; identification of study participants by their potentially stressful living condition rather than by disease or somatic symptom status; and inclusion of serious parental illness and death in the study.
HIV: issues with mental health and illness
- Editors:
- BLANK Michael B., EISENBERG Marlene M., (eds.)
- Publisher:
- Haworth Press
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 161p.
- Place of publication:
- Binghamton, NY
HIV: Issues with Mental Health and Illness is an examination of the co-morbidity that exists between HIV/AIDS and mental illness. Internationally recognized experts in the field analyze the latest research on why HIV sufferers are at risk of developing mental illness and how people who suffer from mental illness risk contracting HIV through sexual behaviour and substance abuse. This unique book focuses on clinical and diagnostic issues, the organization of service delivery systems, and community-based interventions. The book presents contributions from physicians, sociologists, nurses, social workers, and psychologists working to develop a plan to reduce the number of persons affected by the epidemic, and to improve the quality of life of those already HIV infected. Aimed at promoting a new era in mental health and prevention science, the book examines vital issues including: the interplay between depression, HIV, and chronic fatigue; condom use among adolescents with psychiatric disorders; predicting HIV risk and how targeted intervention can address multiple health risks; how an increase in emotional stress can affect African-American women concerned about becoming HIV infected; STI risk reduction strategies; how client gender can affect mental health care service delivery; and the implementation of intervention programs as part of supported housing programs.
Behavioral risks for HIV infection among adults with a severe and persistent mental illness: patterns and psychological antecedents
- Authors:
- CAREY Michael P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 33(2), April 1997, pp.133-142.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Reports on a study of behaviours associated with the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample of adults with a severe and persistent mental illness in the USA. Hypothesized psychological antecedents of HIV-related risk behaviour were also measured, including knowledge, motivation for risk reduction, and self-efficacy regarding risk-reduction. The study found that many participants were misinformed regarding HIV transmission and risk reduction. Although motivational indices towards condom use were positive, participants tended to rate themselves at only slight risk for infection, undermining their motivation for condom use. The studies findings point to the need for risk assessment and counselling by mental health care providers.
Psychiatric patients and HIV infection: a new population risk?
- Authors:
- STEFAN Martin D., CATALAN Jose
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, December 1995, pp.721-727.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Assess the evidence that psychiatric patients are at increased risk of infection with HIV and discusses some of the clinical implications. Surveys of HIV seroprevalence and risk behaviours among psychiatric patients were obtained from a manual and computer search. Most studies report an increased prevalence of HIV infection among psychiatric patients compared to the general population. Risk behaviours, and obstacles to risk reduction, are identified. Concludes that there is a strong case for investigating the seroprevalence of HIV in psychiatric settings in the UK. Issues relating to HIV and AID are likely to assume increasing importance in general psychiatric practice.
Interpersonal violence and its impact on persons living with HIV: a social work response
- Authors:
- MILLER Patricia A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 14(3), 2015, pp.308-318.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The burden of interpersonal violence (IPV) among those living with HIV is significant. At the Southern Alberta Clinic in Calgary, Alberta, there has been ongoing attention given to the interplay of IPV and HIV. The author's data reveal the potential risks, specifically physical harm, emotional suffering, and, in turn, lack of follow-through on HIV medical care. They also know that health care social workers are key clinical team members in service delivery around prevention, intervention, and education, in relation to IPV and its impact on HIV patients. Social workers’ knowledge and understanding of the impacts of IPV in the lives of persons living with HIV provides them with a significant role in addressing this social phenomenon, its impact, and its relationship with the comorbid health issue of HIV. Social workers are also trained to delineate how the personal histories of IPV are interconnected and linked to structural oppression in social and cultural processes. (Edited publisher abstract)