Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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The prevalence, incidence and factors predictive of mental ill-health in adults with profound intellectual disabilities. Prospective study
- Author:
- DAGNAN Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(6), November 2007, pp.505-509.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The paper 'The prevalence, incidence, and factors predictive of mental ill-health in adults with profound intellectual disabilities' by Sally-Ann Cooper, et al makes a number of core assumptions within the methodology and discussion of the results. In this article, the authors identify some of the important assumptions made in the paper and invite further expansion and clarification on these issues. Areas discussed are: the reliability of diagnosis of mental ill-health in people with severe disabilities; factors predictive of mental ill-health in people with severe disabilities; and the phenomenological experience in people with severe disabilities.
Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample
- Authors:
- MEDINA-MORA Maria Elena, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(6), June 2007, pp.521-528.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
No national data on lifetime prevalence and risk factors for DSM–IV psychiatric disorders are available in Mexico. The aim was to present data on lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk, age at onset and demographic correlates of DSM–IV psychiatric disorders assessed in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. The survey was based on a multistage area probability sample of non-institutionalised people aged 18–65 years in urban Mexico. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered by lay interviewers. Of those surveyed, 26.1% had experienced at least one psychiatric disorder in their life and 36.4% of Mexicans will eventually experience one of these disorders. Half of the population who present with a psychiatric disorder do so by the age of 21 and younger cohorts are at greater risk for most disorders. Our results suggest an urgent need to re-evaluate the resources allocated for the detection and treatment of psychiatric illnesses in Mexico.
Prevalence of substance misuse in first-episode psychosis
- Authors:
- CANTWELL Roch, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, February 1999, pp.150-153.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study identifies the prevalence and pattern of substance use and misuse in first-episode psychosis, and relationships with diagnosis, mode of presentation and demographic variables. It confirms high rates of substance misuse at onset of psychosis. There is evidence for an increase in diagnosis of substance-related psychotic disorder over time. Those most at risk of substance misuse are young males.
The influence of thoughts of death and suicidal ideation on the course of depression in older depressed patients
- Authors:
- BOGERS Ista C.H.M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(8), 2017, pp.882-891.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Thoughts of death are not regularly included in diagnostic instruments and rarely examined separately from thoughts of suicide. This exploratory study examined whether thoughts of death and thoughts of suicide affect the course of late-life depressive disorders. Methods: In 378 depressed older persons, thoughts of death and thoughts of suicide were assessed using questions from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. After 2 years, the presence of a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of minor or major depression or dysthymia was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology was administered every 6 months up till 3-year follow-up. Results: Multinomial logistic regression showed that thoughts of death as well as thoughts of suicide predicted double depression at follow-up (OR = 2.14 [95% CI: 1.04–4.40] and OR = 6.47 [95% CI: 2.22–3.02], respectively), compared with patients without these thoughts. Results became non-significant when adjusted for baseline depression severity (OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.52–2.63] and OR = 2.57 [95% CI: 0.79–8.84], respectively). Mixed linear models showed that severity of depression was lowest in the reference group, while symptoms decreased more over time in those with either thoughts of death or suicide. Conclusions: Patients with thoughts of death or with thoughts of suicide were more severely depressed at baseline and follow-up, with the highest risk of being depressed at follow-up for patients with thoughts of suicide. These associations could be explained by baseline depression severity. The results suggest that thoughts of death and thoughts of suicide are important risk markers in predicting the course of depression. (Publisher abstract)
HIV: issues with mental health and illness
- Editors:
- BLANK Michael B., EISENBERG Marlene M., (eds.)
- Publisher:
- Haworth Press
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 161p.
- Place of publication:
- Binghamton, NY
HIV: Issues with Mental Health and Illness is an examination of the co-morbidity that exists between HIV/AIDS and mental illness. Internationally recognized experts in the field analyze the latest research on why HIV sufferers are at risk of developing mental illness and how people who suffer from mental illness risk contracting HIV through sexual behaviour and substance abuse. This unique book focuses on clinical and diagnostic issues, the organization of service delivery systems, and community-based interventions. The book presents contributions from physicians, sociologists, nurses, social workers, and psychologists working to develop a plan to reduce the number of persons affected by the epidemic, and to improve the quality of life of those already HIV infected. Aimed at promoting a new era in mental health and prevention science, the book examines vital issues including: the interplay between depression, HIV, and chronic fatigue; condom use among adolescents with psychiatric disorders; predicting HIV risk and how targeted intervention can address multiple health risks; how an increase in emotional stress can affect African-American women concerned about becoming HIV infected; STI risk reduction strategies; how client gender can affect mental health care service delivery; and the implementation of intervention programs as part of supported housing programs.
Mind the gap: service transition and interface problems for patients with eating disorders
- Authors:
- TREASURE Janet, SCHMIDT Ulrike, HUGO Pippa
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(5), November 2005, pp.398-400.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Recent reports and guidelines that have an impact on the management of people with eating disorders are summarised. The core competencies of every psychiatrist should include: the ability to assess acute risk (including a medical evaluation) and long-term prognosis, and to know what treatments effectively address these needs.
Adolescents' self-reported problems as predictors or psychopathology in adulthood: 10-year follow-up study
- Authors:
- HOFSTRA Marijke B., VAN DER ENDE Jan, VERHULST Frank C.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, September 2001, pp.203-209.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Knowledge of the course of psychopathology from adolescence into adulthood is needed to answer questions concerning origins and prognosis of psychopathology across a wide age range. This article investigates the 10-year course and predictive value of self-reported problems in adolescence in relation to psychopathology in adulthood. Subjects from the general population in the Netherlands aged 11-19 years, were assessed with the Youth Self-Report (YSR) at initial assessment, and with the Young Adult Self-Report (YASR), the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and three sections of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) 10 years later. Of the subjects with deviant YSR total problem scores, 23% (males) and 22% (females) had deviant YASR total problem scores at follow-up. Subjects with initial deviant YSR total problem, internalising and externalising scores had higher prevalences of DSM-IV diagnoses at follow-up. Concludes that adolescent problems tended to persist into adulthood to a moderate degree. High rates of problems during adolescence are risk factors for psychiatric disorders in adulthood.
Cumulative incidence of mental disorders among offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder; results from the Helsinki High-Risk Study
- Authors:
- NIEMI Laura T., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(1), July 2004, pp.11-17.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The Helsinki High-Risk Study follows up all women born between 1916 and 1948 and treated for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in psychiatric hospitals in Helsinki, their offspring born between 1960 and 1964, and controls. The aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of adulthood Axis I disorders among offspring. Using all hospital and out-patient treatment records we rediagnosed parents and offspring according to DSM–IV–TR criteria. Offspring were grouped by mother’s diagnosis (schizophrenia n=104, schizoaffective disorder n=20, other schizophrenia-spectrum disorder n=30, and affective disorder n=25) and compared with a control group (n=176). The cumulative incidences of Axis I disorders among offspring were calculated. The cumulative incidences of any psychotic disorder were 13.5%, 10.0%, 10.0%, 4.0% and 1.1% among offspring of mothers with schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder, other schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, affective disorders and controls, respectively. The corresponding figures for schizophrenia were 6.7%, 5.0%, 6.7%, 0% and 0.6%, and for any mental disorder 23.1%, 20.0%, 20.0%, 12.0% and 6.9%. Offspring of mothers with a psychotic disorder have heightened risk of developing a wide range of severe mental disorders.
Positive Connections: a programme for children who have a parent with a mental illness
- Authors:
- OREL Nancy A., GROVES Patricia A., SHANNON Leona
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 8(2), May 2003, pp.113-122.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Mental health professionals working with parents who suffer from a mental illness often overlook the children within the family. Children whose parents are mentally ill face numerous obstacles to their own emotional development and these children are at higher risk for developing mental illnesses than other children. These risks can be decreased if protective or positive interventions are available for the children. This article will describe the development and implementation of Positive Connections, an effective intervention programme specifically designed for children whose parents have been diagnosed with a mental disorder. The effectiveness of this programme has been evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative research strategies, and the results are presented.
Poor mental and physical health differentially contributes to disability in hospitalized geriatric patients of different ages
- Authors:
- MARENGONI Alessandra, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(1), January 2004, pp.27-34.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article seeks to evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms, cognition and somatic diseases on functional status of geriatric patients at hospital discharge. Patients 65+ years consecutively admitted to the acute care geriatric ward of the Internal Medicine Department I, Civil Hospital of Brescia, Italy, from February 1998 to December 2000 (n = 830) were examined. Functional disability was defined as need of physical assistance in at least one of the basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The Greenfield Index of Disease Severity (IDS) and the Geriatric Index of Comorbidity (GIC) were used to measure number and severity of diseases. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessed cognitive status and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) measured depressive symptoms. Prevalence of functional disability at discharge was 29.3% in the younger age group (65-74 years) and 55.2% in the older age group (75+ years). Using logistic regression models, older age, poorer cognitive status, and depressive symptoms were independently associated with functional disability in the younger and older age group, respectively. Additionally cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms showed an additive association with disability, especially in younger patients, while comorbidity was correlated with functional status only in the oldest old, in particular among those who were cognitively impaired. Functional disability after acute hospitalization is highly prevalent in geriatric patients. Depressive symptoms, comorbidity, and cognitive impairment often coexist, interact and are differentially associated with function depending on age. Considering that depressive symptoms are a modifiable problem, their detection in hospital settings may help clinicians in targeting subjects at high risk of functional disability.