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Do positive reappraisals moderate the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health?
- Author:
- JUNG Jong Hyun
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 30(3), 2021, pp.341-348.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: It is well-established that childhood emotional abuse is associated with poor mental health in adulthood. Yet, less is known about the ways that this association is contingent upon psychological resources. Aims: The purpose of this study is to examine whether positive reappraisals moderate the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health. Methods: This study employs regression analyses using nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 1995–1996 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (N = 3,034). Results: The analysis shows that childhood emotional abuse is positively associated with negative affect whereas it is negatively associated with positive affect in adulthood. Yet, positive reappraisals reduce the positive association between childhood emotional abuse and negative affect. Similarly, positive reappraisals weaken the negative association between childhood emotional abuse and positive affect. Conclusions: These observations indicate that positive reappraisals act as a countervailing mechanism that buffers the deleterious association of childhood emotional abuse with adult mental health. (Edited publisher abstract)
Child maltreatment and adult psychopathology in an Irish context
- Author:
- FITZHENRY Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 45, 2015, pp.101-107.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
One-hundred-ninety-nine adult mental health service users were interviewed with a protocol that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interviews for Axis I and II DSM-IV disorders, the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the SCORE family assessment measure, the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule, and the Readiness for Psychotherapy Index. Compared to a U.S. normative sample, Irish clinical cases had higher levels of maltreatment. Cases with comorbid axis I and II disorders reported more child maltreatment than those with axis I disorders only. There was no association between types of CM and types of psychopathology. Current family adjustment and service needs (but not global functioning and motivation for psychotherapy) were correlated with a CM history. It was concluded that child maltreatment may contribute to the development of adult psychopathology, and higher levels of trauma are associated with co-morbid personality disorder, greater service needs and poorer family adjustment. A history of child maltreatment should routinely be determined when assessing adult mental health service users, especially those with personality disorders and where appropriate evidence-based psychotherapy which addresses childhood trauma should be offered (Publisher abstract)
Depression in adults quality standard: QS8
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Place of publication:
- Manchester
This quality standard covers the assessment and clinical management of persistent subthreshold depressive symptoms, or mild, moderate or severe depression in adults (including people with a chronic physical health problem). It describes markers of high-quality, cost-effective care that, when delivered collectively, should contribute to improving the effectiveness, safety and experience of care for people with depression in the following ways: preventing people from dying prematurely; enhancing quality of life for people with long-term conditions; helping people to recover from episodes of ill health or following injury; ensuring that people have a positive experience of care; and treating and caring for people in a safe environment and protecting them from avoidable harm. (Edited publisher abstract)
We need to talk: getting the right therapy at the right time
- Author:
- WE NEED TO TALK COALITION
- Publisher:
- MIND
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 28p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report was published by Mind for the “We Need To Talk” coalition, which calls on the Government to fulfil its promise to make psychological therapies available across the country to people who need them. The report is based on research which included: surveys of people attempting to access psychological therapies (527 responses); local Mind associations and primary care trusts; a call for evidence to the 'We need to talk coalition' members; a consultative event with local Mind associations; and discussions with service planners and providers across the country. It looks at the importance of psychological therapy covering both the economic and human costs and provides a brief overview of the current policy context. It then discusses what works, highlighting examples of good practice; where there are problems in accessing therapies and suggests recommendations for the way forward. The report found that the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies scheme has had a dramatic impact on waiting times for people with depression and anxiety. Access to psychological therapies for children and for people with severe mental illnesses remains limited despite good evidence of their effectiveness.
What works with children, adolescents, and adults?: a review of research on the effectiveness if psychotherapy
- Author:
- CARR Alan
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 400p.
- Place of publication:
- London
With a focus on outcomes with psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive behavioural and systemic psychotherapies, this book provides a review of research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy and psychological interventions with children, adolescents and adults. It looks at the overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychotherapy, the contribution of common factors to the outcome of successful psychotherapy, the effectiveness of psychotherapy and psychological interventions with specific problems in children, adults, and people with intellectual disabilities and pervasive developmental disorders, and the effectiveness of psychotherapy and psychological interventions with specific problems in adulthood and later life. The author concludes from the research available that psychotherapy is effective for both adults and children, and provides an analysis of this with respect to a wide range of mental health conditions.
Impact of separation anxiety on psychotherapy outcomes for adults with anxiety disorders
- Authors:
- KIRSTEN Laura T., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 8(1), March 2008, pp.36-42.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Anxiety is highly prevalent in the community, and despite improvements in therapy a significant proportion of people tend to relapse, or remain significantly symptomatic. Theorists have proposed that untreated attachment anxieties and separation conflicts emerge from childhood development to be pervasive problems in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of juvenile and concurrent adult separation anxiety on psychotherapy outcomes. It was hypothesised that separation anxiety impedes therapy progress. A sample of 154 adults with a DSM-IV anxiety disorder received eight weekly sessions of group cognitive-behaviour therapy. In addition to intake and termination measures of anxiety and depression, participants also completed measures of juvenile and adult separation anxiety and the influence of these on outcomes was studied. Higher adult separation anxiety was associated with a greater likelihood of anxiety and comorbid depression remaining unremitted at termination of treatment. Higher juvenile separation anxiety was only associated with a greater likelihood of still being comorbidly depressed at termination of treatment. The findings of this study highlight the need to modify conventional exposure-based CBT treatments, and provide psychodynamic treatments that address attachment anxieties and separation conflicts.
Betrayed as boys: psychodynamic treatment of sexually abused men
- Author:
- GARTNER Richard B
- Publisher:
- Guilford Press
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 368p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- New York
Discusses psychotherapy for male adult survivors of child sexual abuse, with reference to masculinity, same-sex abuse, the familial and cultural context of abuse, dissociative disorders, the relationship between therapist and client, and group therapy.
Advancing psychological therapies research in Northern Ireland
- Authors:
- IRVINE Mandy, et al
- Publisher:
- Public Health Agency
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 191p.
- Place of publication:
- Belfast
One of a series of rapid research reviews following the Bamford Review to contribute to a needs led research programme for psychological therapies. First the paper reviews existing national and international literature regarding psychological therapies. It then outlines the findings of a regional survey into the current provision of psychological therapies and research programmes being delivered across statutory and third sector services in Northern Ireland. The findings of the presented by the four main client groups of: adults; older adults; children and young people; and learning disabilities. Conditions covered include: depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder, suicide, Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and challenging behaviour. Finally the authors offer a model for prioritising future needs-led research in the psychological therapies in Northern Ireland.