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Child abuse and neglect in the UK today
- Authors:
- RADFORD Lorraine, et al
- Publisher:
- National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 203p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report presents new research findings from the NSPCC on child maltreatment in the United Kingdom. The research aimed to provide up to date information on the prevalence and impact of child maltreatment, and to compare rates of childhood experiences reported by young adults interviewed in 2009 with rates reported in an earlier NSPCC study in 1998-9. The study looked at children’s and young adults’ experiences of childhood maltreatment at home, in school and in the community. This first report presents the findings from this research on the prevalence, impact and severity of child maltreatment. The study involved interviews with a random probability sample of parents, young people and young adults about their experiences of child abuse and neglect. The sample consisted of: 2,160 parents or guardians of children aged under 11 years; 2,275 young people aged 11-17 years with additional information from their parents or guardians; and 1,761 young adults aged 18-24 years. The findings show that the rates of child maltreatment reported by young adults aged 18–24 are lower in 2009 than in 1998. However, significant minorities of children and young people in the UK today are experiencing severe maltreatment and this is associated with poorer emotional wellbeing, self-harm, suicidal ideation and delinquent behaviour.
Left behind by Laming
- Author:
- GARBODEN Molly
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 1.4.10, 2010, pp.18-19.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
The second report from Lord Laming led to a number of new priorities for councils and other organisations involved in children's safeguarding. Concerns that these new priorities have led to the needs of other groups of vulnerable children being neglected are discussed. Children and young people who are at risk of sexual exploitation, children of mentally ill parents and disabled children are highlighted as at risk. Two short case studies are included.
The relationship between parental psychiatric disorder and child physical and sexual abuse: findings form the Ontario health supplement
- Authors:
- WALSH Christine, MACMILLIAN Harriet, JAMIESON Ellen
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(1), January 2002, pp.11-21.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The study's goal was to examine the relationships between a history of parental psychiatric disorder and a history of child abuse in a general population sample of Ontario residents. The lifetime prevalence of either parent with a psychiatric disorder was as follows: 14.1% for depression, 3.7% for manic depression, 2.4% for schizophrenia, 2.4% for anti social behaviour, and 17.3% for any parental psychiatric disorder. Respondents reporting a parental history of depression, mania, or schizophrenia had a two to threefold increase in the rate of physical, sexual, or any abuse. Parental history of antisocial disorder increase the risk of exposure to physical abuse (adjusted odds ratios and or any abuse). There was no statistically significant difference between parental psychiatric disorder and childhood physical or sexual abuse by gender of the respondent. There was a trend for increasing risk associated with father only, mother only, and both parents having any psychiatric disorder.
The relationship between parent and child reports of parental supportiveness and psychopathology of sexually abused children
- Authors:
- AVERY Lisa, MASSAT Carol Rippey, LUNDY Marta
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 15(3), June 1998, pp.187-205.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This study of 54 sexually abused children and their non-offending parents found that although most non-offending parents were supportive of their children, the children reported considerable distress. Although there was no significant difference in mean levels of support reported by parents and children, the two measures were not significantly correlated. This suggests that parents and children perceive supportive behaviour differently, although both constructs are of importance. Multiple regression analysis found that both child and parent reports of parental support were predictive of levels of child psychopathology, but that child estimates were a stronger predictor.
Comparative psychopathology of women who experienced intra-familial versus extra-familial sexual abuse
- Authors:
- GREGORY-BILLS Therese, RHODEBACK Melanie
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(2), February 1995, pp.177-189.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Examines whether the relative/nonrelative issue is significant to the impact of sexual victimization experiences in a sample of women in the US. Methodological considerations are highlighted and implications for treatment and research are addressed.
Posttraumatic stress and depression in the nonoffending caregivers of sexually abused children: associations with parenting practices
- Authors:
- JOBE-SHIELDS Lisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(1), 2016, pp.110-125.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Caregiver mental health is a known correlate of parenting practices, and recent research indicated that parental depression following childhood sexual abuse disclosure is associated with concurrent parenting difficulties. The present study extended this line of research by investigating posttraumatic stress symptoms and depression in a sample of caregivers (N = 96) of children who experienced sexual abuse recruited from a child advocacy center as well as parenting practices reported by both caregivers and their children (mean age = 10.79 years, SD = 3.29; 79% female). Twenty-four percent of caregivers met criteria for presumptive clinical depression, clinically significant posttraumatic stress, or both. Results indicated elevated caregiver-reported inconsistent parenting in the context of clinically significant distress across symptom groups; children reported particularly elevated inconsistent parenting for caregivers with posttraumatic stress only. Caregiver depression was associated with low self-reported positive parenting and caregiver involvement in addition to self-reported inconsistencies. Directions for future research are offered to further elucidate the relationships between caregiver mental health and parenting practices following childhood sexual abuse. (Publisher abstract)
An exploratory study of group therapy for sexually abused adolescents and nonoffending guardians
- Authors:
- SMITH Amanda P., KELLY Adrian B.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 17(2), 2008, pp.101-116.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Adolescent survivors of sexual abuse often report severe trauma, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. Group-based cognitive-behavioural therapy may be useful, but high attrition rates have made it difficult to judge effectiveness. This paper presents findings from a 12-week, multi-modal, abuse-specific group intervention. The participants were six adolescents aged 11-16 with severe abuse histories (generally involving force or threats), together with non-offending parents or carers. Pre-, post- and follow-up measures indicate that that the intervention produced clinically meaningful reductions in abuse-related psychological problems. It had excellent face validity and there were no drop-outs. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
The right to recover: the voices of professionals. Provision of therapeutic support for children and young people following sexual abuse in the West of Scotland
- Authors:
- WALES Alison, LOVE Rachel
- Publisher:
- National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children Scotland
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 43
- Place of publication:
- London
This paper discusses the findings from qualitative research which explored the emotional needs assessment of children following sexual abuse and referral to therapeutic services, including the needs of their non-abusing parent or carer. It focuses specifically on the themes that emerged from professionals who took part in discussion groups, and provides a companion paper to the main research report. Professionals involved in the discussion groups included social workers, police officers, child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) practitioners, and health professionals. Discussions explored how children and non-abusing parents/carers emotional health needs are currently assessed following sexual abuse; how children are currently referred to therapeutic support where this is required; different professional roles and processes in the assessment and referral of children and young people; and different professionals’ knowledge of and views about local therapeutic service provision. The report highlights key issues raised by professionals in the area of assessment and referral, staff confidence and skills, undetected child sexual abuse, social workers’ role in ‘working therapeutically’ with vulnerable children experiencing sexual abuse, information sharing with General Practitioners, and the role of CAMH services with children experiencing sexual abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Early intervention service for non-abusing parents of victims of child sexual abuse
- Authors:
- FORBES Fiona, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(7), July 2003, pp.66-72.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Childhood sexual abuse is a non-specific risk factor for psychopathological disorders in childhood and later life. The response of non-abusing parents to disclosure of abuse may influence the child's outcome. The aim was to assess the level of psychopathological symptoms in parents and children following disclosure of sexual abuse and the changes following a parental treatment intervention. Parents completed standardised rating scales about their own and their child's symptoms. These were repeated following the intervention. Thirty-nine parents of 31 children completed scales at the baseline assessment; 18 repeated these following interventions. Initially, parents reported high rates of psychopathological symptoms in themselves and their children, which were reduced following the intervention. This study confirms the high rates of psychopathological symptoms found in parents of children following disclosure of sexual abuse. Children clinically identified for intervention had higher measured levels of psychopathological symptoms. Targeted treatment interventions are needed.
A study of potential risk factors for sexual abuse in childhood
- Authors:
- FLEMING Jillian, MULLEN Paul, BAMMER Gabriele
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(1), January 1997, pp.49-58.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Research aimed at identifying risk factors for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is crucial for the development of preventative strategies. This study examined the relationship between a number of possible risks factors and CSA in a community sample of women using multivariate analysis and carefully operationalised variables. The variables significantly associated with CSA were physical abuse, having a mother who was mentally ill, not having someone to confide in, and being socially isolated. With the exception of physical abuse, different predictors emerged for abuse before and after age 12. Social isolation and experiencing the death of a mother were significant predictors for abuse before age 12, while the predictors of CSA after age 12 were physical abuse a mentally ill mother. For abuse perpetrated by a family member, the significant predictors of CSA were physical abuse, having no one to confide in, having no caring female adult, and having an alcoholic father. For girls abused by someone outside of the family, CSA can happen to any child. This study highlights circumstances that may increase the chances of abuse and should form the basis of prevention and intervention strategies.