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Work and the mental health crisis in Britain
- Authors:
- WALKER Carl, FINCHAM Ben
- Publisher:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 196p.
- Place of publication:
- Chichester
There is longstanding interest in the relationship between mental health and work. This book suggests that the impact of neoliberal social and economic activity in the UK over recent years has meant the return of potentially debilitating forms of subjugation and exploitation. More people now struggle for fewer jobs of increasing intensity, reduced legal protection and lower real wages. The book, based on recent data gathered from employees and managers, challenges the cultural maxim that work benefits people with mental health difficulties, and illustrates how particular cultures and perceptions can contribute to a crisis of mental well–being at work. It fills a need for an up–to–date, detailed work that explores the ways that mental health and work experiences are constructed, negotiated, constrained and at times, marginalised. It is designed for academics and professionals who work in the mental health sphere, but also accessible to interested lay readers
No health without mental health: the new strategy for mental health in England
- Author:
- NHS CONFEDERATION
- Publisher:
- NHS Confederation
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 7p.
- Place of publication:
- London
On 2 February 2011 the Government published 'No health without mental health', its cross-government, all-age strategy for mental health in England. This Briefing summarises the strategy’s six objectives and describes how progress will be measured. The objectives are: More people with have good mental health; More people with mental health problems will recover; More people with mental health problems will have good physical health; More people will have a positive experience of care and support; Fewer people will suffer avoidable harm; Fewer people will experience stigma and discrimination. Measuring outcomes and quality standards are also briefly discussed. The briefing then outlines further work to support implementation, which will be taken forward over the next year and beyond.
Work therapy: welfare reform and mental health in California
- Author:
- CHANDLER Daniel
- Journal article citation:
- Social Service Review, 85(1), March 2011, pp.109-133.
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
California has set aside Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funds for counties to use in identifying and treating welfare participants experiencing mental health problems that impede employment. Los Angeles County spends $23 million annually on mental health services for welfare participants. This study examined mental health treatment in Los Angeles County as a means for improving the employment outcomes of TANF participants with psychiatric disabilities. The participants were a sample of 433 TANF participants whose mental health services ended between March 2004 and February 2005. Detailed reports from Department of Mental Health (DMH) staff on clients’ status and treatment were analysed. The staff reported that 70% of the sample members had positive change in their mental health status. However, only 17% of the clients completed the treatment successfully, and only 26% reported employment at discharge or in the 6 months after discharge. Analyses suggested that predictors of completing services successfully differ from predictors of employment. Further, successful completion of treatment did not predict employment. Some of these results are disappointing. County staff are restructuring these mental health services in order to improve these outcomes.
The clinical and occupational effectiveness of condition management for Incapacity Benefit recipients
- Authors:
- KELLET Stephen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50(2), June 2011, pp.164-177.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Condition Management Programmes (CMP) were established with the goal of helping Incapacity Benefit recipients manage their health conditions more effectively and thus return to work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CMP by examining the clinical and employment outcomes from 2,064 participants with a variety of physical and mental health conditions. In a prospective cohort design, measures of employment status and psychological well-being were taken at 3 time points; prior to CMP, immediately following CMP, and 3-months after completing CMP. The participants voluntarily attended a 7 session cognitive-behaviourally informed psychoeducational group intervention. The psychological measures used were the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure, Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Intrinsic Motivation Scale. The findings showed that following CMP, 50% of participants experienced a reliable improvement in psychological well-being and 26% had either taken some steps towards work or returned to work at follow-up. Participants with a mental health condition were more likely to experience a reliable improvement in psychological well-being compared to those with physical health conditions. The results suggest that participation in CMP may be helpful in facilitating more effective self-management of the health conditions contributing to unemployment.
Mental health outcomes of children and youth accessing residential programs or a home-based alternative
- Authors:
- PREYDE Michèle, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 9(1-6), 2011, pp.1-21.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Residential treatment centres (RTCs) are 24-hour facilities that offer mental health treatment programmes for children with severe emotional and behavioural disorders. RTCs are among the most restrictive and costly of mental health services. The aim of this study was to document the mental health outcomes of children and youth involved in residential treatment or a home-based alternative, intensive-family service (IFS). Participants were recruited from 5 children’s mental health agencies in Ontario, Canada. Parents or guardians of 106 children entering residential RTCs and 104 entering IFS completed standardised measures of symptom severity and functioning. Data was collected at admission, discharge, and at 1-2 years follow-up. In general, some clinical and psychosocial improvements from admission to discharge and follow up were revealed, although not all measures were statistically significant. Furthermore, many youth continued to function within the clinical range of impairment. Implications for mental health services are discussed.
Development of joint user/patient outcome measures for older adults with mental health problems
- Authors:
- WALTON David, FULLERTON Michael, PATEL Seraphim
- Journal article citation:
- Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 12(4), 2011, pp.210-216.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea collaborated with older adults mental health teams in Kensington and Chelsea to pilot joint user outcome measures for older adults with mental health problems and their carers. This article explains the project to develop and test the user outcome form, which included consultation with the borough's Older Adults Service User Group. The questionnaire, issued to users at review, covered a range of issues to meet both health and social care outcome requirements. During the pilot survey of user self-reported outcome measures, 45 forms were issued to users at review and 30 responses were received. The article reports on the results, noting that users and carers reported high levels of satisfaction and positive outcomes, and that both users and staff indicated that they preferred user reported outcomes to activity or process-based performance measures. The authors discuss the implications for collaborative working.
Variations in emotional abuse experiences among multiply maltreated young adolescents and relations with developmental outcomes
- Authors:
- TRICKETT Penelope K., KIM Kihyun, PRINDLE John
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(10), October 2011, pp.876-886.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Previous research has suggested that emotional abuse very often overlaps with other types of child maltreatment. The aim of this study was to explore patterns of overlapping types of child maltreatment. The sample was 303 ethnically diverse male and female youth identified as maltreated by the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services. Information about the maltreatment experiences was obtained using data from case records abstraction. Cluster analysis was conducted using the categorisation of 4 types of abuse: physical (PA), sexual (SA), emotional abuse (EA), and neglect (NE). The results were ordered to focus on emotional abuse. The findings identified 4 clusters of child maltreatment experiences (no EA, EA+PA, EA+PA+NE, and EA+PA+NE+SA). The different clusters of child maltreatment were compared on the multiple outcomes such as mental health, behaviour problems, self-perception, and cognitive development. Different clusters were differentially associated with multiple outcome measures. In general, multiply-maltreated youth fared worst, especially when the cluster involved sexual abuse. Also, sex differences were found in these associations, with boys who experienced multiple types of maltreatment showing more difficulties than girls. These results reiterate the importance of creating more complex models of child maltreatment.
Evidence on the long shadow of poor mental health across three generations
- Authors:
- JOHNSTON David W., SCHURER Stefanie, SHIELDS Michael A.
- Publisher:
- Institute for the Study of Labor
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 31p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Bonn
Focusing on mental health within families, this research examined the extent to which mental illness runs in families across generations and how poor mental health of mother and child is predictive of future economic outcomes. It used data from 3 generations from the 1970 British Cohort Study to estimate the intergenerational correlation of mental health between mothers, their children, and their grandchildren. The paper describes the methodology, modelling approach, analysis and results, and presents figures and tables with further details in an appendix. The researchers report that the probability of feeling depressed is 63% higher for children whose mothers reported the same symptoms 20 years earlier, and that grandmother and grandchild mental health are strongly correlated. The study also found that maternal and own mental health are strong predictors of adult socioeconomic outcomes, suggesting that reduced maternal mental health reduces household income for adult offspring.
Improving access to psychological therapies: systemic therapy in the Newham pilot site
- Author:
- KUHN Patrick
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Therapy, 33(4), November 2011, pp.400-414.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Since the introduction in two pilot sites in Newham, England, the improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT) programme has dramatically changed the provision of mental health services for depression and anxiety disorders in the National Health Service. The IAPT programme has focused on the provision of cognitive behaviour therapy but incorporated a small systemic therapy service in the pilot site. Using data from sixty five individuals who were eligible for inclusion in the study, this article presents the outcomes of this systemic service. The majority of clients seen by the service suffered from depression and anxiety disorders. Findings revealed that for the depression and anxiety measures the recovery rate was above 50% and the effect sizes were large. Most of the clients were satisfied with the service. Also, an increase in employment was identified. The outcomes are discussed in comparison with those of the cognitive behaviour therapy service. Implications for practice and future research are presented.
Therapist effects on disparities experienced by minorities receiving services for mental illness
- Authors:
- LARRISON Christopher R., SCHOPPELREY Susan L.
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 21(6), November 2011, pp.727-736.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article considers the relative contribution of the therapist to clinical outcomes. The aim of the study was to examine if some of the reason clients from racial and ethnic minority groups experience outcome disparities can be explained at the level of their therapists. The study took place at 2 community mental health centres where clients from racial and ethnic minority groups were known to be experiencing outcome disparities. The participants were 98 clients, of whom 19% were from an ethnic minority, and 14 therapists. Data were analysed using a hierarchical linear model with treatment outcomes at level 1, client demographics and clinical factors at level 2, and therapists at level 3. The findings showed substantial therapist effects that moderated the relationship between clients' race and treatment outcomes. Therapists accounted for 28.7% of the variability in outcome disparities. The article concludes that therapists appear to play a substantial role in why disparities occur. Suggestions for further research are discussed.