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The Scottish 700 Outcomes Study: Comparative Evaluation of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS), the Avon Mental Health Measure (AVON), and an Idiographic Scale (OPUS) in adult mental health
- Authors:
- HUNTER Robert, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 13(1), February 2004, pp.93-105.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Although many outcome measures are available, there is little empirical evidence to help clinicians to decide which to adopt in clinical, as opposed to research settings. The aim was to assess the content validity and levels of agreement between professionals and service users of three approaches to outcome measurement—a standard measure devised by mental health professionals (Health of the Nation Outcome Scale, HoNOS), a standard measure devised by service users and health professionals in partnership (the Avon Mental Health Measure, AVON), and an idiographic scale the Outcome of Problems of Users of Services (OPUS). The three measures were completed by nearly 700 predominantly long-term users of mental health services, and by their key worker clinicians. All major psychiatric diagnoses were represented in the cohort. A small sub-sample had repeat testing after 3 months to assess sensitivity to change of the three measures. Agreement between the three measures was low. Avon was more likely to detect problems, and to produce agreement between service users and key-workers, than HoNOS. Both omit key problem areas elicited using OPUS. All measures were sensitive to change. The Avon detects problems that service users judge to be important.
Personality disorders: diagnosis, management and course
- Editor:
- TYRER Peter
- Publisher:
- Butterworth-Heinemann
- Publication year:
- 2000
- Pagination:
- 221p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
- Edition:
- 2nd
Contains chapters on: the history of the concept of personality disorder; classification of personality disorder; personality assessment schedule; the epidemiology of personality disorder; comorbidity of personality and mental state disorder; psychosocial treatment in personality disorder; drug treatment of personality disorders; outcomes; and challenges for the future.
How substance use affects people with mental illness
- Author:
- HOLLAND Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 16.6.99, 1999, pp.46-48.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Reports on the findings of a recent survey which suggests that more attention needs to be paid to this area.
An expanded version of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale: anchors and interview probes for the assessment of adults with Serious mental illness
- Authors:
- DICKERSON Faith B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 39(2), April 2003, pp.131-137.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Objective clinical assessments are important in psychiatric settings to assess patients' functioning and the outcome of rehabilitation interventions. We developed anchors of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS) and tested the inter-rater reliability of the expanded instrument. Twenty patients receiving psychiatric rehabilitation services participated in a structured interview and were rated by two raters. Intraclass correlation coefficients were .96 for the total and .87-.99 for the subscale scores. The expanded MCAS can serve as a reliable assessment tool.
Evaluating treatment outcomes for African American and white clients receiving treatment at a community mental health agency in the rural South
- Authors:
- LARRISON Christopher R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 14(3), May 2004, pp.137-146.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The present study examines the relationship between race and treatment outcomes among clients receiving services at a community mental health agency in the rural southeastern United States. A nonprobabilistic sample of clients completed the BASIS-32, a self-report summated rating scale, at an initial assessment and a series of three follow-up assessments conducted at 3-month intervals. The data were analyzed using a hierarchical linear model (HLM) consisting of an individual growth model and a between-client model examining possible differences in growth trajectories attributable to race, diagnosis, socioeconomic status, and gender. Clients’ symptomatology remained stable or decreased during the study period. Of the demographic variables examined, only diagnosis was significantly related to variation in treatment outcomes. No racial differences in treatment outcomes emerged. Although the findings must be considered preliminary, they do suggest that community mental health agencies can effectively respond to various ethnic, cultural, and racial groups by providing appropriate and individualized services.
Development of a model for clinical assessment of religious coping: initial validation of the Process Evaluation Model
- Authors:
- BUTTER Eric M., PARGAMENT Kenneth L.
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 6(2), July 2003, pp.175-194.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The relationship of religion to mental health has been widely researched in recent years, and has pointed to both positive and negative implications of religious coping. Traditionally, those interested in evaluating coping have looked at the efficacy of a particular coping activity. However, coping theory suggests that no one coping strategy is always effective or ineffective. Instead the efficacy of the coping process depends more on the flow, or process, of coping versus simply the outcomes of coping. This study proposes the Process Evaluation Model of religious coping, which defines well being as the degree to which the elements of the coping process are well integrated. Mental health practitioners and clergy (n¼166) completed a survey instrument developed for this study consisting of six vignettes. Each story reflected different degrees of integration in an individual coping with a personal crisis. Using a mixed design, we found support for the Process Evaluation Model. All participants were able to identify well integrated versus poorly integrated religious coping processes. Clinicians and clergy did not differ in their evaluation despite the historical rift between mental health and religion. Implications for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed as well as future directions for research using the Process Evaluation Model.
Utility of the brief symptom inventory in the assessment of psychological distress
- Authors:
- KELLETT Stephen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16(2), June 2003, pp.127-134.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
People with intellectual disabilities are now acknowledged to be susceptible to the full range of mental health disorders. This acknowledgement has resulted in the need to develop and evaluate instruments for the assessment and detection of mental health problems. This research evaluates the use of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) with 200 people with mild intellectual disabilities representing community, clinical and forensic populations.
Impact of the ICD-10 Primary Health Care (PHC) diagnostic and management guidelines for mental disorders on detection and outcome in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial
- Authors:
- CROUDACE Tim, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 182(1), January 2003, pp.20-30.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
World Health Organization (WHO) ICD-10 Primary Health Care (PHC) Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Mental Disorders (1996) have not been evaluated in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT). The method used was pragmatic, pair-matched, cluster RCT involving 30 practices. Guideline practices were less sensitive but more specific in identifying morbidity, but these differences were not significant. Guideline patients did not differ from usual-care patients on 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores at 3-month follow-up or in the proportion who were still cases. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Attempts to influence clinician behaviour through a process of adaptation and extension of guidelines are unlikely to change detection rates or outcomes.
Routinely administered questionnaires for depression and anxiety: systematic review
- Authors:
- GILBODY Simon M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 17.2.01, 2001, pp.406-409.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
Examines the effect of routinely administered psychiatric questionnaires on the recognition, management, and outcome of psychiatric disorders in non-psychiatric settings. Nine randomised studies were identified that examined the use of common psychiatric instruments in primary care and general hospital settings. Overall, studies of routine administration of psychiatric measures did not show an effect on patient outcome. Concludes that the routine measurement of outcome is a costly exercise. Little evidence shows that it is of benefit in improving psychosocial outcomes of those with psychiatric disorder managed in non-psychiatric settings.
Three-year prognosis of depression in the community-dwelling elderly
- Authors:
- DENIHAN Aisling, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, May 2000, pp.453-457.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study aims to determine the three-year prognosis of depression in a cohort of community-dwelling elderly subjects and identify factors relevant to outcome. The subjects, diagnosed depressed at year 0 were followed up three years later. A number of factors were investigated for an association with recovery from, or persistence of, depression. Concludes that late-life depression in community-dwelling subjects is a chronic condition. However, the positive response to antidepressant medication suggests that it should be vigorously treated.