Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Treatment effects for common outcomes of child sexual abuse: a current meta-analysis
- Authors:
- TRASK Emily V., WALSH Kate, DILILLO David
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(1), January 2011, pp.6-19.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This meta-analysis examines the literature to quantify the effectiveness of psychosocial treatments at reducing the most frequent outcomes of child sexual abuse. A literature search identified a total of 35 articles or dissertations written in English, focusing on youth under the age of 18, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for the following negative outcomes of sexual abuse: post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, externalising problems, and internalising problems. Analyses of these publications revealed that treatment was effective in reducing many negative outcome of child sexual abuse. The effect sizes averaged across all outcomes were medium. The potential moderating effects of treatment (e.g., modality, duration, and inclusion of caregiver) and participant (e.g., age, gender, and ethnicity) characteristics were also analysed. The results indicated that longer interventions were associated with greater treatment gains. Group and individual treatments were equally effective. Studies with older children and more males were shown to have larger treatment effects. The findings shed new light on treatment effectiveness and provide information regarding the conditions under which treatment may be most effective.
Cognitive-behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused
- Authors:
- MACDONALD Geraldine, HIGGINS Julian, RAMCHANDANI Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2(1), 2006, pp.1-60.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This review aimed to examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural approaches in addressing the immediate and longer-term psychological and behavioural problems on children who have been sexually abused. Ten studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria for the review, in which a total of 847 children participated. The evidence suggests that cognitive-behavioural therapy may have a positive impact on the sequelae of child sexual abuse, but most results were statistically non-significant. Implications for practice and further research are noted. (Edited publisher abstract)
The long-term consequences of childhood and mental health
- Authors:
- RICHARDS Marcus, ABBOTT Rosemary, PARSONAGE Michael
- Journal article citation:
- Young Minds Magazine, 100, June 2009, pp.30-31.
- Publisher:
- YoungMinds
A study commissioned by the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, the Smith Institute and public services union UNISON, and supported by the UK Medical Research Council sought to look at the impact that experiencing mental health problems in childhood and adolescence could have on the prospects of children born in 19946, 1958 and 1970. This article briefly discusses the findings, and the adverse outcomes experienced by the children in later life.
Identification of personal factors that determine work outcome for adults with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- MARTORELL A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(12), December 2008, pp.1091-1101.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Access to employment for people with intellectual disability (ID) has become a social priority. The aim of the present study is to try to determine which variables [sociodemographic variables, intelligence quotient (IQ), presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder, functioning, self-determination, and behavioural problems] could most reliably account for access to remunerated employment of people with ID. Two groups of people with ID participated in this study: (1) 69 workers in a sheltered-employment programme; and (2) 110 clients of programmes in sheltered workshops. Both programmes were run by the Pardo-Valcarce Foundation in Madrid (Spain). The following variables were assessed for every participant: IQ, functioning, behavioural problems, self-determination and presence of psychiatric symptoms. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out in order to identify the variables that best explained work outcome (sheltered workshop programme vs. sheltered employment programme). Although IQ showed no significant differences between the two groups of participants, the remaining variables did: behavioural problems, functioning, psychiatric symptoms and self-determination significantly explained work outcome. As for sociodemographic variables, whereas gender did not show any significant relationship with the labour status of the participants, significant differences were found when considering variables such as age and pension benefits. All the main variables considered, except IQ, turned out to be significant. The apparently show that both personal and social efforts can help individuals to overcome their low intellectual functioning in order to achieve access to employment. Such study highlights the importance of a prior psychopathological evaluation and efforts to enhance self-determination in order to improve work inclusion for people with ID.
Adolescent mental health evidence brief 2: the relationship between emotional and behavioural problems in adolescence and adult outcomes
- Authors:
- CLARKE Aleisha, LOVEWELL Katie
- Publisher:
- Early Intervention Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 12
- Place of publication:
- London
This brief sets out the evidence for the association between emotional and behavioural problems experienced during adolescence and later life outcomes. Adolescents who experience persistent emotional problems such as anxiety and depression are at greater risk of a range of negative outcomes, for example – there is strong evidence that persistent depression during adolescence is associated with a significant increased risk of depression during adulthood; studies consistently show that young people with persistent emotional problems are at an increased risk of poorer employment and educational outcomes including school drop-out and NEET (not in education, employment or training) status; there is some evidence from individual studies to suggest an association between adolescent mental health disorders and poorer general health in adulthood, social withdrawal, increased risk of intimate partner victimisation and unplanned pregnancy. Adolescents who exhibit behavioural problems such as conduct problems are also at increased risk of poor adult outcomes, including: poor mental health, such as depression and anxiety, education outcomes — school drop-out, NEET, and at work without basic education level — and a range of physical and social outcomes; importantly, behaviour problems do not seem to occur in isolation and often coexist with mental health problems. Being a perpetrator and/or victim of bullying is strongly associated with a range of mental health problems in young adulthood, including increased risk of anxiety disorders and depression and suicidal behaviour. These findings illustrate that issues during adolescence cast a long shadow over individuals’ life chances. The findings highlight the need to invest not just in the treatment of disorders but also in prevention and early intervention support, and the promotion of positive mental health and prosocial behaviour, in order to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance protective factors. (Edited publisher abstract)
The association between strengths and post-residential treatment needs of youth in the child welfare system
- Author:
- URBAN Tamaki H.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 99, 2019, pp.226-234.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
A common and critical issue faced by youth discharged from residential treatment is the gradual loss of gains made while in residential treatment. This can put these youth at greater risk for negative long-term outcomes such as poor behavioural and emotional functioning. The objective of this study was to identify factors that can improve long-term outcomes following discharge from residential treatment. Of special interest was the interplay of protective factors, including a variety of youth strengths (e.g., coping skills, family support, educational support) with youth behavioral and emotional outcomes. This study also considered the role of race/ethnicity, age, gender, and post-residential placement type. A sample of 799 youth who were discharged from residential treatment was examined. This study found a positive relationship between the total number of strengths at residential discharge and behavioural and emotional outcomes at 6 months following residential discharge. This study also found that the overall change in the number of youth's strengths (improvement or deterioration) after discharge from residential treatment was associated with decreased or increased youth behavioural and emotional needs over time. Additionally, change in two specific types of strengths—interpersonal and coping skills—following residential discharge was associated with decreased or increased youth behavioral and emotional needs over time. Overall, this study suggests that interventions that help to maintain or build youth strengths following discharge from residential settings may lead to decreased emotional and behavioural needs over time. (Edited publisher abstract)
Men with childhood sexual abuse histories: disclosure experiences and links with mental health
- Authors:
- ROMANO Elisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 89, 2019, pp.212-224.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: There is limited research on the disclosure experiences of men who have experienced childhood sexual abuse and on how such experiences might impact mental health outcomes. Objective: The current study described men’s disclosure experiences and examined the role of disclosure characteristics on mental well-being (internalizing and externalizing behaviours, substance use, resilience). Participants and setting: Men (N = 253) from across Canada and the U.S. were recruited through websites for males with sexual abuse histories. Men aged 18–59 years anonymously completed an online study on their sexual abuse, disclosure experiences, and mental health outcomes. Results: Findings indicated that 77.9% of men disclosed their sexual abuse, although they waited an average of 15.4 years before sharing their experience. Once disclosed, 64.4% of the men reported a positive response (e.g., support), while 35.6% reported a negative response (e.g., blame). Regression analyses indicated that a greater delay in disclosure predicted greater externalizing behaviours (B = .49, p < .05), although this was a small effect (Cohen’s f 2 = 0.02). Additional disclosure variables were associated with components of externalizing (aggressive and rule-breaking behaviours) and internalizing (somatic complaints) behaviours. Conclusions: These results require replication in future studies. However, they do suggest that efforts need to be undertaken to address the barriers that hinder men from disclosing their sexual abuse and to ensure that men are supported once they disclose. (Edited publisher abstract)
The moderating role of resiliency on the negative effects of childhood abuse for adolescent girls involved in child welfare
- Authors:
- TLAPEK Sarah Myers, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 73, 2017, pp.437-444.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child abuse is associated with a number of negative psychosocial outcomes, including mental health problems, substance abuse, and interpersonal violence. Yet some children thrive or “adapt well” despite experiencing abuse; researchers are increasingly interested in the protective factors and mechanisms that may prevent negative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of resiliency characteristics in the relationship between childhood abuse and the negative outcomes of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, and revictimisation in adolescent girls involved in child welfare. Participants were 237 adolescent girls ages 12–19 years (M = 14.9, SD = 1.6), and who were youths of color (75%) and white (25%). Data were collected through surveys assessing histories of physical, sexual, and emotional child abuse; symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression; lifetime substance use; and experiences of physical, verbal, and relational revictimisation in the last three months. All forms of childhood abuse were significantly associated with symptoms of depression and PTSD as well as revictimisation and substance use. Higher levels of resiliency were associated with fewer depression and PTSD symptoms and experiencing less revictimisation. Resiliency significantly moderated the relationship between sexual abuse and depression, PTSD, and revictimisation. Resiliency also moderated the relationship between emotional abuse and depression. No significant interactions emerged in the relationship between physical abuse and any of the mental health and behavioral problems. This study suggests that resiliency may serve as a protective factor in the relationship between abuse (sexual and emotional) and depression, PTSD, and revictimisation during adolescence. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effects of the child–perpetrator relationship on mental health outcomes of child abuse: it's (not) all relative
- Authors:
- KISER Laurel J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(6), 2014, pp.1083-1093.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The present study was conducted to better understand the influence of the child–perpetrator relationship on responses to child sexual and physical trauma for a relatively large, ethnically diverse sample of children and youth presenting for clinical evaluation and treatment at child mental health centres across the United States. This referred sample includes 2,133 youth with sexual or physical trauma as their primary treatment focus. Analyses were conducted to ascertain whether outcomes were dependent on the perpetrator's status as a caregiver vs. non-caregiver. Outcome measures included psychiatric symptom and behaviour problem rating scales. For sexual trauma, victimization by a non-caregiver was associated with higher posttraumatic stress, internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, depression, and dissociation compared to youth victimized by a caregiver. For physical trauma, victimization by a non-caregiver was also associated with higher posttraumatic symptoms and internalizing behaviour problems. The total number of trauma types experienced and age of physical or sexual trauma onset also predicted several outcomes for both groups, although in disparate ways. These findings are consistent with other recent studies demonstrating that perpetration of abuse by caregivers results in fewer symptoms and problems than abuse perpetrated by a non-caregiving relative. Thus, clinicians should not make a priori assumptions that children and adolescents who are traumatized by a parent/caregiver would have more severe symptoms than youth who are traumatized by a non-caregiver. Further exploration of the role of the perpetrator and other trauma characteristics associated with the perpetrator role is needed to advance our understanding of these findings and their implications for clinical practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Family involvement and changes in child behavior during residential mental health treatment
- Authors:
- ROBST John, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Care Forum, 42(3), 2013, pp.225-238.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Background Family involvement is viewed as an important component of the treatment process for children in residential treatment centers, but little is known about the impact of contact with family members on changes in youth functioning. Objective The goal of this study was to use administrative data to examine the association between family involvement and youth outcomes for a Medicaid-funded residential treatment programme in Florida. Differences between in-person and telephone intervention contacts based on the proximity of the family residence to the programme were also explored. Methods The sample was divided into two groups based on the number of family contacts per month during the treatment episode; i.e., number of family contacts equal to or less than the median and number of family contacts greater than the median. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine characteristics related to the percent change in scores on a measure of emotional and behavioral functioning. Results Results suggest that maternal and paternal contacts, as well as the total number of family contacts, were associated with greater improvements in youth functioning. Youth that resided in a different county than the residential programme had greater improvement in behaviours when the family was involved regardless of whether contact was in-person or over the phone. Conclusions Family involvement, including phone contacts, is associated with improved youth outcomes during the treatment episode. (Publisher abstract)