Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders as precursors of bipolar disorder onset in adulthood
- Authors:
- MEIER Sandra M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(3), 2018, pp.555-560.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders have been proposed as precursors of bipolar disorder, but their joint and relative roles in the development of bipolar disorder are unknown. Aims: To test the prospective relationship of ADHD and anxiety with onset of bipolar disorder. Method: The relationship between ADHD, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder in a birth cohort of 2 409 236 individuals born in Denmark between 1955 and 1991 was examined. Individuals were followed from their sixteenth birthday or from January 1995 to their first clinical contact for bipolar disorder or until December 2012. The incidence rates per 10 000 person-years was calculated and tested the effects of prior diagnoses on the risk of bipolar disorder in survival models. Results: Over 37 394 865 person-years follow-up, 9250 onsets of bipolar disorder occurred. The incidence rate of bipolar disorder was 2.17 (95% CI 2.12–2.19) in individuals with no prior diagnosis of ADHD or anxiety, 23.86 (95% CI 19.98–27.75) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of ADHD only, 26.05 (95% CI 24.47–27.62) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of anxiety only and 66.16 (95% CI 44.83–87.47) in those with prior diagnoses of both ADHD and anxiety. The combination of ADHD and anxiety increased the risk of bipolar disorder 30-fold (95% CI 21.66–41.40) compared with those with no prior ADHD or anxiety. Conclusions: Early manifestations of both internalising and externalising psychopathology indicate liability to bipolar disorder. The combination of ADHD and anxiety is associated with a very high risk of bipolar disorder. (Edited publisher abstract)
Recovery and reliable change rates for patients scoring severe on depression, anxiety or impaired functioning in a psychological therapies service: IAPT
- Authors:
- GRIFFITHS Christopher Alan, GRIFFITHS Laura Jayne
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Review Journal, 20(1), 2015, pp.28-35.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The NHS Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme provides access to psychotherapy in England through a stepped care approach for adults with depression and anxiety disorders. This evaluation sought to investigate IAPT recovery and reliable change rates of those who scored severe on depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) or impaired functioning (WASA). Design/methodology/approach: This evaluation employed a within groups design: a single case evaluation follow-up. Routine service data (from services set-up in 2008-2009 to February 2012) from 25,034 patients treated at four IAPT services was analysed. Findings: The analysis revealed that 29 per cent (n=7,059) of patients were assessed as being in the WASA severe range, 41 per cent (n=10,208) in the PHQ severe range, and 57 per cent (n=14,612) in the GAD-7 severe range; with 14 per cent (n=3,548) in the severe range on all three measures combined. There were significant falls on all three measures and a large effect size. The percentage of patients who recovered to a point below the recovery threshold was 30 per cent for depression, 34 per cent for anxiety, 18 per cent for impaired functioning, and for those presenting severe on all measures: recovery rates were 21 per cent for anxiety, 26 per cent for depression, and 15 per cent for impaired functioning. Reliable change for anxiety was found to be greater than IAPT patients overall. Originality/value: The results show that IAPT enables approximately a third of people scoring severe to recover, lower than IAPT recovery rates overall. Reliable change may be a more effective measure of patient progress. (Edited publisher abstract)
Reducing the barriers to accessing psychological therapies for Bengali, Urdu, Tamil and Somali communities in the UK: some implications for training, policy and practice
- Authors:
- LOEWENTHAL Del, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 40(1), February 2012, pp.43-66.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Those from minority groups are generally under-represented in mental health services. This study examined the feasibility of achieving Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) for people from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic communities living in the UK. There was with specific reference to Bengali, Urdu, Tamil and Somali speaking communities. Focus groups were carried out with each of the communities to investigate how they conceptualise and experience mental health issues and what they do when faced with what they regard as these issues. Participants recruited through Bengali, Urdu, Tamil and Somali community groups. Focus groups were held with 14 Bengali speakers, 21 Urdu, 18 Tamil, 24 Somali, and interviews were held separately with 6 people from each group. Findings revealed that the participants did not fully understand common conceptualisations about mental health issues, nor did they know how to seek mental health support. Implications of cultural barriers and recommendations for IAPT outcomes are presented.
Short and long-term effects of terrorist attacks in Spain
- Authors:
- BACA Enrique, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 9(1/2), 2004, pp.157-170.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article illustrates the effects of terrorism on its victims. The authors conducted a study on a sample of 2,998 Spanish victims of terrorism (1997-2001). Victims were evaluated with the General Health Questionnaire (28-item version). A much higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms (mainly anxiety and psychosomatic symptoms) among the victims than in the general population was found. This was maintained over time. There was a correlation between the degree of harm due to the attack and the severity of the psychopathology. It is concluded that terrorist attacks are risk factors that will affect some of their victims for a lifetime.
Functional health status, chronic medical conditions and disorders of mood
- Authors:
- SURTEES Paul G., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(10), October 2003, pp.299-303.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Understanding of the impact of depressive and anxiety disorders on functional health status in the context of chronic medical illness has been gained almost exclusively from the study of patient populations. The aim of this paper is to compare the impact of major depressive and generalised anxiety disorder with that of chronic medical conditions on functional health in a UK resident population. The functional health of 20 921 study participants was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 questionnaire. Depressive and anxiety disorder episode histories and chronic medical conditions were assessed using independent self-completed questionnaires. The degree of physical functional impairment associated with mood disorders was of equivalent magnitude to that associated with the presence of chronic medical conditions or with being some 12 years older. Depressive and anxiety disorders have a profound impact on functional health that is independent of chronic medical illness. Chronic anxiety is associated with physical health limitations in excess of those associated with chronic depression or any of the physical health conditions considered, except for stroke.
The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GARDNER M.J., THOMAS H.J., ERSKINE H.E.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 96, 2019, p.104082.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Child maltreatment is a global public health issue that encompasses physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the association between these five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders. Methods: Published cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported associations between any form of child maltreatment (and/or a combination of), and depressive and anxiety disorders. A total of 604 studies were assessed for eligibility, 106 met inclusion criteria, and 96 were included in meta-analyses. The data were pooled in random effects meta-analyses, giving odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each form of child maltreatment. Results: All forms of child maltreatment were associated with depressive disorders (any child maltreatment [OR = 2.48, 2.14–2.87]; sexual abuse [OR = 2.11, 1.83–2.44]; physical abuse [OR = 1.78, 1.57–2.01]; emotional abuse [OR = 2.35, 1.74–3.18]; neglect [OR = 1.65, 1.35–2.02]; and exposure to IPV [OR = 1.68, 1.34–2.10]). Several forms of child maltreatment were significantly associated with anxiety disorders (‘any child maltreatment’ [OR = 1.68, 1.33–2.4]; sexual abuse [OR = 1.90, 1.6–2.25]; physical abuse [OR = 1.56, 1.39–1.76]; and neglect [OR = 1.34, 1.09–1.65]). Significant associations were also found between several forms of child maltreatment and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conclusions: There is a robust association between five forms of child maltreatment and the development of mental disorders. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) includes only sexual abuse as a risk factor for depressive and anxiety disorders. These findings support the inclusion of additional forms of child maltreatment as risk factors in GBD. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mindfulness-based interventions for youth with anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- BORQUIST-CONLON Debra S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 29(2), 2019, pp.195-205.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Purpose: To examine the effects on anxiety of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) among youth with anxiety disorders. Method: Systematic review and meta-analytic procedures were employed to synthesize experimental and quasi-experimental studies authored between 1980 and 2015. Results: The search yielded five studies from five countries reporting results for a total of 188 youth between the ages of 5 and 18 (mean age 13.26) who met criteria for an anxiety disorder. Risk of bias varied across studies. Meta-analytic results suggest a moderate and significant effect (g = .62; 95% confidence interval = [0.20, 1.04], p = .004). Heterogeneity was moderate (I2= 47.22) and not statistically significant (Q = 7.58, df = 4, p = .11), thus moderator analyses were not warranted. Discussion: The findings of this review suggest that MBIs for the treatment of anxiety in youth with anxiety disorders are effective. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sense of coherence, burden and mental health in caregiving: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- DEL-PINO-CASADOA Rafael, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Affective Disorders, 242(1), January 2019, pp.14-21.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Informal caregiving is associated with a number of negative effects on carers’ physical and psychological well-being. The salutogenic theory argues that sense of coherence (SOC) is an important factor in psychological adjustment to stress. The main aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence on the association between SOC, burden and mental health outcomes in informal carers. Method: A systematic search was carried out up to September 2017 in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsychInfo (OVID) and Scopus. Studies were included if they evaluated the relationship between sense of coherence and subjective caregiver burden and/or mental health outcomes, specifically symptoms of depression and anxiety. Meta-analyses were performed and subgroup analyses were carried out to explore if methodological factors influenced findings. Results: Thirty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis, which provided 40 independent samples with 22 independent comparisons for subjective caregiver burden, 26 for symptoms of depression and 7 for symptoms of anxiety. Higher levels of SOC were associated with lower levels of subjective caregiver burden and better mental health outcomes. Publication bias did not change the estimate of the effect. Limitations: Most of the studies included in this review were cross-sectional. Conclusions: Findings suggest that SOC is an important determinant of carer well-being and may protect carers from high levels of psychological distress and caregiver burden. (Edited publisher abstract)
Visual art and mental health: a systematic review of the subjective wellbeing outcomes of engaging with visual arts for adults ("working-age", 15-64 years) with diagnosed mental health conditions
- Authors:
- TOMLINSON Alan, et al
- Publisher:
- What Works Centre for Wellbeing
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 66
- Place of publication:
- London
This systematic review examines the subjective wellbeing outcomes for adults with mental health conditions taking part in visual arts. It also examines the processes that have an impact on subjective wellbeing. For the review, searches were conducted on ten electronic databases for research and grey literature. The review is based on the findings of eight research articles and six evaluation reports from UK-based visual arts programmes identified as relevant to the scope of the review. The arts practices featured in the studies included painting, drawing, art appreciation, and more general creative and craft activities. A total of 163 participants from across the four countries of Australia, Sweden, the UK, and the USA were involved in the studies. The review found limited high-quality evidence, though case studies from the UK provided important and consistent findings, corroborated by grey literature on interventions and projects. The evidence identified found that engagement in the visual arts for adults with mental health conditions can reduce reported levels of depression and anxiety; increase self-respect, self-worth and self-esteem; encourage re-engagement with the wider community. It also supports participants a potential renegotiation of identity through practice-based forms of making or doing. Ensure the provision of secure safe-space and non-stigmatising settings for interventions were identified as important factors in implementing interventions. Negative impacts of engaging with arts interventions included stress and pressure felt to complete activities and concerns about the end of an intervention. (Edited publisher abstract)
A pilot randomized trial of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions for mild cognitive impairment: caregiver outcomes
- Authors:
- VUC Andrea V., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(12), 2017, pp.e180-e187.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aims to provide effect size estimates of the impact of two cognitive rehabilitation interventions provided to patients with mild cognitive impairment: computerised brain fitness exercise and memory support system on support partners' outcomes of depression, anxiety, quality of life, and partner burden. Methods: A randomised controlled pilot trial was performed. Results: At 6 months, the partners from both treatment groups showed stable to improved depression scores, while partners in an untreated control group showed worsening depression over 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences on anxiety, quality of life, or burden outcomes in this small pilot trial; however, effect sizes were moderate, suggesting that the sample sizes in this pilot study were not adequate to detect statistical significance. Conclusion: Either form of cognitive rehabilitation may help partners' mood, compared with providing no treatment. However, effect size estimates related to other partner outcomes (i.e., burden, quality of life, and anxiety) suggest that follow-up efficacy trials will need sample sizes of at least 30–100 people per group to accurately determine significance. (Publisher abstract)