Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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The new alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders: issues and controversies
- Author:
- PORTER Jeffrey S.
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 24(1), 2014, pp.50-56.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Purpose: Assess the new alternative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) model for personality disorders (PDs) as it is seen by its creators and critics. Method: Follow the DSM revision process by monitoring the American Psychiatric Association website and the publication of pertinent journal articles. Results: The DSM-5 PD Work Group’s proposal was not included in the main diagnostic section of the new DSM, but it was published in the section devoted to emerging models. The alternative DSM-5 PD constructs are radically different from those found in DSM, fourth edition, text revision. Discussion: There are some positive conceptual changes in the new model, but reliability and validity are not generally improved. However, social workers may be able to benefit from the use of the personality trait domains/facets of the alternative model. (Publisher abstract)
Efficacy of a triage system to reduce length of hospital stay
- Authors:
- WILLIAMS P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 204(6), 2014, pp.480-485.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of in-patient acute care. A novel method has been the development of a ‘triage system’ in which patients are assessed on admission to develop plans for discharge or transfer to an in-patient ward. Aims: To compare a triage admission system with a traditional system. Method: Length of stay and readmission data for all admissions in a 1-year period between the two systems were compared using the participating trust’s anonymised records. Results: Despite reduced length of stay on the actual triage ward, the average length of stay was not reduced and the triage system did not lead to a greater number of readmissions. There was no significant difference in costs between the two systems. Conclusions:Based on the findings the authors cannot conclude that the triage system reduced length of stay, but can conclude that it does not increase the number of readmissions as some have feared. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health and the settings of housing support: a systematic review and conceptual model
- Author:
- BURGOYNE Jon
- Journal article citation:
- Housing Care and Support, 17(1), 2014, pp.26-40.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative systematic review is to examine how the nature and quality of housing affect adults receiving support for mental health problems, focusing on the less considered structural aspects of housing. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic search identified relevant research. Data consisting exclusively of service-user testimony was taken from seven studies based in varied types of accommodation in England. A synthesis was carried out using thematic analysis, and a conceptual model developed based on the themes identified from the data. A literature review examines the context, with relevant material drawn from a variety of disciplines and professions. Findings: There were three main determinants of whether housing was a setting that enabled users to benefit from support and enjoy a good quality of life – “autonomy”, “domain”, and “facilitation”. Secondary themes influenced these primary themes, or described respondents’ condition or feelings in relation to their housing situation. The “Tripod Model” illustrates the relationships between these themes. Research limitations/implications: Applying systematic review methods to qualitative material proved contentious and challenging. The model produced is a hypothesis based on limited data and requiring further investigation. Practical implications: The findings suggest that a balance is required to increase the chances of successful and sustainable housing outcomes for service-users. Originality/value: The model enables a holistic understanding of issues affecting service-users, and the interdependent nature of these. It offers a new typology based on a synthesis of data drawn from a spectrum of accommodation, which gives it a breadth a single piece of research could not encompass. (Publisher abstract)
Assertive community treatment and associations with substance abuse problems
- Authors:
- van VUGT Maaike D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 50(4), 2014, pp.460-465.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This study examined the associations between substance abuse problems in severely mentally ill patients, outcome and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) model fidelity. In a prospective longitudinal study, ACT model fidelity and patient outcomes were assessed in 20 outpatient treatment teams using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, Camberwell Assessment of Needs short appraisal schedule and measures of service use. Five hundred and thirty severely mentally ill patients participated in the study. Substance abuse problems were assessed three times during a 2-year follow-up period. This study found that among patients with severe mental illness, patients with an addiction problem had more serious psychosocial problems at baseline. Substance abuse problems showed improvement over time, but this was not associated with ACT model fidelity. The study indicates that investment by teams to improve a patient’s psychosocial situation can lead to improvements on substance problems. (Publisher abstract)
What makes housing work?
- Author:
- BURGOYNE Jon
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Today, July/August 2014, pp.24-27.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
Drawing on the results of a systematic review, this article looks at how housing settings and living environments can help to promote and maintain the wellbeing of adults receiving support for mental health problems. The review identified three common factors across a range of different accommodation: domain (the actual environment or dwelling), facilitation (professional support services) and autonomy (the extent of an individuals control). These three factors were identified as closely interlinked. A Tripod Model based on these three factors is put forward as a holistic explanation of providing good accommodation. Some of the challenges of implementing the model are discussed. The article also highlights some of the difficulties in developing an evidence base of how housing effects mental health. A table summarising key environmental factors factors and their positive and negative impacts on accommodation is also included. (Original abstract)
“Risky Business”: a critical analysis of the role of crisis resolution and home treatment teams
- Authors:
- RHODES Penny, GILES Sally J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 23(3), 2014, pp.130-134.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: In 2000, the Department of Health for England recommended the creation of crisis resolution and home treatment teams (CRHTs) in order to reduce the number and length of psychiatric hospital admissions. Central to this was the role of gate-keeping all potential admissions. Aim: To examine the interface between crisis resolution and home treatment and other mental health services. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with mental health professionals (n = 25) at eight sites within one Strategic Health Authority region. Results: Despite wide variation in approach and provision, all teams were confronting common issues related to tensions at both ends of the service user trajectory – on initial assessment and on discharge. Conclusion: The CRHT model is likely to be most effective when there is low staff turnover, flexibility in inter-team working arrangements and senior practitioners have both acute and community experience. Rather than being seen primarily as gatekeeper to the acute service, it would be better to take a system approach and view the CRHT as a resource for clients awaiting discharge or seeking to avoid hospital admission that is equally available to both acute and community services. (Publisher abstract)
The cost effectiveness of employment support for people with disabilities: final detailed research report
- Authors:
- GREIG Rob, et al
- Publisher:
- National Development Team for Inclusion
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 121
- Place of publication:
- Bath
The final report from a two year study on employment support for people with mental health problems or learning disabilities. The study focused on three areas: the cost effectiveness or value for money of current models of employment support, whether outcomes varied for different models used, and if outcomes were affected by approaches of commissioners to implementing local employment strategies. The report summarises the findings of a scoping review, findings from national and local data collection on the quality and effectiveness of employment support, and findings from in-depth field work visits to 11 sites to see local commissioners implemented employment strategies. Five Theories of Change identified from the field visits are discussed: shifting culture, employment outcomes, strategic direction, developing the market and performance management. They were seen as aspects that needed to be in place to delivery cost effective outcomes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Employment support for disabled people: investigating the relationship between investment and outcomes: research findings
- Author:
- NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT TEAM FOR INCLUSION
- Publisher:
- NIHR School for Social Care Research
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 4
- Place of publication:
- London
This briefing summarises the findings of research on the cost effectiveness of different service models and commissioning approaches to employment support for people with mental health problems or learning disabilities. The study analysed national data and in addition analysed cost and outcome data from 70 different sites and also carried out fieldwork visits to six sites. Data analysis included an analysis of costs per job outcome (securing new jobs, retaining jobs or moving into self employment). Good evidence was also found to support Individual Placement and Support (IPS) in mental health services and supported employment in learning disabilities services were the most effective ways of supporting people. The study also identified five different organisational or system 'conditions' that were most likely to be found in successful cost effective services.
Connecting people: an exploratory study of how health and social care workers help people to develop and maintain relationships: research findings
- Author:
- UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL
- Publisher:
- NIHR School for Social Care Research
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 4
- Place of publication:
- London
Research briefing summarising the results of study which explored good practice in helping people with mental health problems to develop and maintain social relationships. The study took place in six health and social care agencies in England between September 2010 and November 2012. It focused on 84 workers who were skilled at assisting people to develop and maintain relationships, and had a particular interest in the experience of people with a diagnosis of psychosis. The main themes identified as important in supporting people to develop and maintain their social connections include: the attitude of the worker; a person-centred approach; agency support; equality of the worker-service user relationship; building new networks and relationships; engagement through activity; and the responsibility of the individual. These themes were developed in the Connecting People Intervention model which is also described. (Edited publisher abstract)
Protective factors based model for screening for posttraumatic distress in adolescents
- Authors:
- PAT-HORENCZYK Ruth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Care Forum, 43(3), 2014, pp.339-351.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Background: There is growing application of school-based screening to identify post-traumatic distress in students following exposure to trauma. The consensus method is based on self-report questionnaires that assess posttraumatic symptoms, functional impairment, depression or anxiety. Objective: The current research explored the possibility of using a model, based on the assessment of protective factors, as a screening method for identifying youth who may suffer from posttraumatic distress and need professional help in the aftermath of war. Method: Participants were 482 Israeli high-school students who were exposed to ongoing missile attacks during Operation Cast Lead in Gaza in 2008. The data collected included symptom scales and three protective factor scales assessing perceived self-efficacy, cognitive-emotion regulation and flexibility in the use of various coping strategies. Results: The results showed that all three protective factors were significant predictors of symptom severity. The protective-factor-based model utilized logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics analysis. The model correctly classified 84 % of adolescents presenting with probable post traumatic stress disorder, identifying them as distressed. Cross-validation was conducted to assess the stability and reliability of the model, which were found to be acceptable. Conclusion: The protective factors based model could be important as a part of preliminary triage before referral for intervention and for identification of distressed adolescents. School based screening which focuses on assessing protective factors may facilitate cooperation by both adolescent students and the education system. (Publisher abstract)