Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Adherence in people living with HIV/AIDS, mental illness, and chemical dependency: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- ULDALL K. K., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 16(Supplement 1), January 2004, pp.S71-S96.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Adherence to antiretroviral medications is central to reducing morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS. Relatively few studies published to date address HIV adherence among special populations. The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature on HIV antiretroviral adherence, with an emphasis on studies among the triply diagnosed population of people living with HIV/AIDS, mental illness, and chemical dependency. In order to reflect the most current information available, data from conference proceedings, federally funded studies in progress, and the academic literature are presented for consideration.
Delirium and learning disability: case series and literature review
- Authors:
- van WAARDE Jeroen A., van der MAST Rose C.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32(3), September 2004, pp.123-127.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Although predisposing and facilitating factors for delirium are common in learning disabled patients, little is known about its occurrence. Presents 3 case reports and results of a manual and computer (Medline, Embase Psychiatry) search. Only 2 case reports were found, and added to the 3. Ages were 16, 17, 51, 55 and 78. Delirium was associated with eye surgery, anticholinergic overdose, urinary infection, Alzheimer's disease and pulmonary infection respectively. All had predisposing factors. The literature is scarce, possibly because diagnosis is often missed. Delirium is very distressing and raises morbidity and mortality. However, it is treatable, so more attention should be given to diagnosis and treatment, especially in vulnerable patients. A practice guideline assessment and treatment is given.
A review of ecotherapy as an adjunct form of treatment for those who use mental health services
- Authors:
- WILSON Neil William, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Mental Health, 7(3), November 2008, pp.23-35.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The concept of utilising green space to promote and maintain mental health predates the development of almost all current treatment modalities. Although the use of green space as a therapeutic tool decreased throughout the 20th century, research in this area has grown exponentially over the last 20 years. This review examines the theory and increasing evidence base behind the psychological, social and physical health benefits of viewing and interacting with green space, and considers some of the common methodological limitations within the literature. Those who use secondary and tertiary care mental health services typically experience secondary problems due to reduced levels of social and physical activity. This review argues that the holistic benefits of green space make ecotherapy particularly appropriate for such a population. The review recommends that the effects of ecotherapy on those who use secondary and tertiary mental health care services be explored as part of an effort to redress the absence in the literature of quality studies in this area for this population.
Dual diagnosis among older adults co-occurring substance abuse and psychiatric illness
- Authors:
- BARTELS Stephen J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2(3), 2006, pp.9-30.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive critical review of studies reporting the prevalence, characteristics, outcomes, and service utilization associated with comorbid substance abuse and mental illness in older age. The study searched the Medline and PsycINFO databases using combinations of the keywords 'Dual diagnosis,' 'Elderly,' and 'Older.' English-language reports presenting quantitative data on the prevalence and/or any descriptive information about older adults with dual diagnosis were included. The prevalence of older adults with comorbid substance abuse and mental disorders varies by population, and ranges from 7% to 38% of those with psychiatric illness and from 21% to 66% of those with substance abuse. Depression and alcohol use are the most commonly cited co-occurring disorders in older adults. Dual diagnosis in older adults is associated with increased suicidality and greater inpatient and outpatient service utilization. Data on treatment are limited. However, recommendations have been adapted from evidence-based treatment of younger adults with dual diagnosis, older adults with substance abuse, and older adults with mental health problems. The authors concluded that dual diagnosis among older adults is a growing public health problem. Well-designed prevention, early intervention, and treatment studies are needed that specifically address co-occurring disorders in older adult populations.
Presentations and management of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the elderly: a need for investigation
- Author:
- BUSUTTIL Walter
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(5), May 2004, pp.429-439.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
With an aging population increasing presentations of cases of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be expected to old age services. While progress has been made in recent years in relation to the understanding and development of aetiological theories, classification, assessment and management strategies and protocols in the adult population, similar advances have lagged behind for the elderly. The aim was to review the adult literature regarding PTSD and discuss how this might apply to an elderly population. An attempt is made to highlight a better awareness of the field of psychological trauma in the elderly in the hope of stimulating debate and research. A review of the adult literature is conducted relating to classification, aetiology, demographic features, vulnerability, assessment, clinical management including psychotherapy and medications and how these may apply to the elderly. Little has been published in this field that directly relates to the elderly. The adult literature allows insight into understanding how PTSD may present in the elderly, and how they may be managed. Further specific research is needed in the elderly in order to facilitate a better understanding of PTSD that present in this unique population. This will lead to better clinical assessment, management and treatment provision.
Beck never lived in Birmingham: why cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) may be a less useful treatment for psychological distress than is often supposed
- Authors:
- MOLONEY Paul, KELLY Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Critical Psychology Counselling and Psychotherapy, 3(4), Winter 2003, pp.214-228.
Begins with a brief discussion of the scope and nature of cognitive behaviour therapy as practiced within the National Health Service, and then critically examines the approach from three perspectives. Looks at psychological research that may case doubt on the approach, presents a critique of the therapy outcome research literature that bears upon the effectiveness of CBT, finally looks at epidemiological evidence which suggests that most of the distress witnessed by psychological therapists arises from pervasive social inequalities.
Psychodynamic treatment of Latinos: a critical review of the theoretical literature and practice outcome research
- Author:
- GELMAN Caroline Rosenthal
- Journal article citation:
- Psychoanalytic Social Work, 10(2), 2003, pp.79-102.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The question of whether a psychodynamic perspective can be used meaningfully and effectively in mental health treatment with Latinos is a complex one that has engendered much debate, strong sentiment, but little empirical data to support either side of the controversy. This article reviews the theoretical/conceptual literature and practice outcome research surrounding the question of the use of psychodynamic treatment with Latinos in order to ground and advance this important conversation. The review underscores the strength of the value assumptions in the literature about what constitutes effective treatment for the Latino population, and the dearth of empirical, systematic information available to explore this question. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
Effects of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- BOHLMEIJER Ernst, SMIT Filip, CUIJPERS Pim
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(12), December 2003, pp.1088-1094.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression across different target groups and treatment modalities. Twenty controlled outcome studies were retrieved from Psychlit, Medline and Dissertation Abstracts. For each study a standardised effect size, d, was calculated and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. An overall effect size of 0.84 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI)=0.31-1.37) was found, indicating a statistically and clinically significant effect of reminiscence and life review on depressive symptomatology in elderly people. This effect is comparable to the effects commonly found for pharmacotherapy and psychological treatments. The effect was larger in subjects with elevated depressive symptomatology (d=1.23) as compared to other subjects (d=0.37). Other characteristics of the subjects or interventions were not found to be related to increased or decreased effect sizes. Reminiscence and life review are potentially effective treatments for depressive symptoms in the elderly and may thus offer a valuable alternative to psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. Especially in non-institutionalised elderly people - who often have untreated depression - it may prove to be an effective, safe and acceptable form of treatment. Randomized trials with sufficient statistical power are necessary to confirm the results of this study.
The emotional lives of people with learning disability
- Author:
- ARTHUR Andrew R.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(1), 2003, pp.25-30.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper reviews accounts of research and therapy and makes an assessment of the current state of knowledge. Very little research actually exists when compared to the non-learning disabled, and so, studies of psychotherapy, child development, parent-infant bonding, psychological assessment and emotional disturbance in people with learning disability are examined. The review finds that there is evidence to suggest the presence of a significantly higher level of emotional developmental problems and disturbance in people with learning disability. This problem requires multidisciplinary attention if progress in improving quality of life is to be maintained.
Mental illness, social construction, and managed care: implications for social work
- Author:
- FARONE Diane Weis
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 1(1), 2002, pp.99-114.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Mental health coverage under health care plans is a function of how mental illness and its proper treatment are defined. These definitions are shaped by social actors competitively seeking to satisfy their particular interests. This paper examines the influence of privatised managed behavioral health care on these evolving social definitions, as evidenced in published works, written reports, and legal actions. It is written from the perspective of social workers as providers of services and advocates for social justice.