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Employment support agencies in the UK: current operation and future development needs
- Authors:
- WISTOW Richard, SCHNEIDER Justine
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 15(2), March 2007, pp.128-135.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Disabled people are amongst the most excluded in society, while people with learning disability have the lowest rates of employment. Supported employment promises to address the gaps, but it is a new approach, one whose development has been incremental. The present authors explore some of the features of agencies providing employment support to disabled people, together with their managers' views. This paper describes semi structured telephone interviews with the managers of 31 employment support agencies. The survey sought to understand the types of service provided, the staff and caseload numbers, the training offered, and the targets used. The authors also asked the managers what would help them in delivering employment opportunities to disabled people. The responses of the managers highlight gaps between current policy and practice. Particular attention is given to the use of targets, fragmented funding and what managers consider is required to improve employment opportunities for disabled people. Managers endorsed the vision expressed in current policy, and identified numerous obstacles to its implementation in employment support. Taken together, their views can be used to guide the development of supported employment.
Work interventions in mental health care: some arguments and recent evidence
- Author:
- SCHNEIDER Justine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 7(1), February 1998, pp.81-94.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Evidence of the effectiveness of work in psychiatry in the UK is limited to studies conducted a generation ago, when mental health care was still hospital-based, and the level of unemployment in the general population was lower than today. Employment is scarcely considered directly in mental health policy, while purchasers have few guidelines on which to base their strategies. This article offers five perspectives on work in psychiatry, ideological principles; macro-economic considerations; demand on the part of service users themselves; the changing context of mental health care, with its effects on the public presentation of mental illness; and evidence of clinical benefits from constructive occupation. Each of these cases is presented, with particular attention paid to the clinical benefits which are relevant to evidence-based health care.
Occupational outcomes: from evidence to implementation
- Authors:
- SCHNEIDER Justine, HEYMAN Anna, TURTON Neil
- Publisher:
- University of Durham. Centre for Applied Social Studies
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 67p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Durham
This report outlines the methods used, and the rationale that informed the collection and sifting of evidence. The authors discuss the theoretical context for the paper, and the policy considerations that underpin the exercise, paying particular attention to social exclusion of people with mental health problems. This is followed by a discussion of the problems in extrapolating research findings from one context to another. Models of occupational interventions are then described, and their similarities and differences explored, together with what we call ‘delivery modes’, to ensure that the terms used in the paper are clear. Appendix 4 is devoted to investigating the impact on work incentives of the current benefits system in the UK, as compared to the USA, where most evidence comes from. The authors then assemble the evidence on what works, what is promising, and where further evidence is needed in relation to several themes. First, Predictors of Occupational Outcomes, relates to all three models of intervention. Then, there is a section devoted to each of these in turn: Sheltered Employment; Supported Education and Training; and Supported Employment. A section on Costs Evaluations again spans the three main models, and a further section explores the potential contribution of learning disability research to the theme of this paper. Each section is followed by a list of conclusions drawn from it.