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The relationship between homelessness and mental health among alumni of foster care: results from the Casey Young Adult Survey
- Authors:
- WHITE Catherine Roller, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Child Welfare, 5(4), September 2011, pp.369-389.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Young adults who are former recipients of foster care are more likely to be homeless and to have mental health problems than the general population in the United States. This article reports on a study examining rates of homelessness and levels of mental health problems, the relationship between homelessness and mental health, and symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder, among former recipients of foster care. The data came from a larger study of young adults, the Casey Young Adult Survey, with the sample of 542 young adults participating in interviews conducted over the phone. Approximately one in 5 participants experienced homelessness since leaving care, and those who had been homeless were nearly twice as likely to have a psychiatric disorder, and had significantly higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder related symptoms, than those who had not experienced homelessness. The authors discuss the study findings and make recommendations for policy, practice and future research, suggesting that better preparation for independent living could assist young adults and that access to mental health services should be expanded to include young adults who have left care.
Differential risks: how disability shapes risk in the transition to adulthood for youth who age out of foster care
- Author:
- MCCAULEY Erin
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 131, 2021, p.106293.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Objective: This study examines how disability is associated with risk during the transition to adulthood for youth who age out of foster care and considers how experiences in the child welfare system contribute to these associations. Background: The transition to adulthood is important for later socioeconomic standing, health, and wellbeing. Youth who age out of foster care with disabilities may require a high level of support during this transition yet may lack support. Method: This study employs linear probability models to estimate the association between disability and incarceration, homelessness, childbearing, and substance abuse between ages 17 and 21 using linked administrative data from the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (N = 5,221). Results: Having a physical or sensory disability is associated with lower risk in the transition to adulthood. Alternatively, having an emotional or mental related disability is associated with increased risk of incarceration and homelessness, but the association with homelessness is accounted for by child welfare experiences. Conclusion: Due to the importance of foster care and child protective histories in explaining some risky outcomes for youth with emotional and mental disabilities, policy makers and practitioners should include those early stages of care when seeking it improve outcomes in the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities who age out of foster care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Homelessness and children's use of mental health services: a population-based study
- Authors:
- PARK Jung Min, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), January 2012, pp.261-265.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Research suggests that between 12% and 47% of children in homeless families experience mental health problems. Children in poverty, regardless of their housing status, share many of the same risk factors that contribute to their risk for mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate any additional risk for mental disorders that might be attributed to experiencing homelessness. Specifically, the study examined whether children who become homeless differ from other low-income children in their mental health service use before and after their first homeless episode, and to what extent homelessness is associated with an increased likelihood of mental health service use. Administrative records from a cohort of 3,011 sheltered and 162,810 housed Medicaid enrolled children in a large metropolitan area were examined over a 6 year period. Data was obtained of their Medicaid claims, shelter use, and child welfare history. Differences between children with and without new onset of sheltered homelessness in the use of mental health services emerged following homelessness and widened over time. Sheltered homelessness and foster care placement history were associated with increased odds of receiving inpatient and ambulatory mental health services. The findings underscore the need for collaborative efforts to mitigate family homelessness and collateral needs among homeless children.
On your own without a net: the transition to adulthood for vulnerable populations
- Editors:
- OSGOOD D. Wayne, et al, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 401p.
- Place of publication:
- London
In the decade after high school, young people continue to rely on their families in many ways-sometimes for financial support, sometimes for help with childcare, and sometimes for continued shelter. But what about those young people who confront special difficulties during this period, many of whom can count on little help from their families? This book documents the special challenges facing seven vulnerable populations during the transition to adulthood: former foster care youth, youth formerly involved in the juvenile justice system, youth in the criminal justice system, runaway and homeless youth, former special education students, young people in the mental health system, and youth with physical disabilities. During adolescence, government programs have been a major part of their lives, yet eligibility for most programs typically ends between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one. This critical volume shows the unfortunate repercussions of this termination of support and points out the issues that must be addressed to improve these young people's chances of becoming successful adults.
Factors associated with homelessness of adolescents under supervision of the youth protection system
- Authors:
- ROBERT Marie, PAUZE Robert, FOURNIER Louise
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), April 2005, pp.215-230.
- Publisher:
- Academic Press
There are two factors that limit our knowledge of the risk factors associated with homelessness among runaway adolescents, namely (1) visible homelessness subjects, whereas most adolescents in fact use “private” resources and (2) failure to use an adequate control group to identify risk factors associated specifically with homelessness. This study compares the characteristics of two groups of youths under the supervision of the youth protection system, according to the presence or absence of periods of homelessness. The results throw light on the factors underlying the shift from “at risk” to “homeless”, showing that youths with experience of homelessness are more likely to have been placed in substitute home environments, have experienced significant relationship difficulties with one of their parents (deterioration of the parent/youth relationship and parental abuse) and to have been diagnosed with behavioural disorders. The findings suggest that the decision to place young people under supervision is based more on the dynamic between risk factors rather than on the existence of behavioural problems.
Homelessness and drug abuse among young men who have sex with men in New York City: a preliminary epidemiological trajectory
- Authors:
- CLATTS Michael C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), April 2005, pp.201-214.
- Publisher:
- Academic Press
Profiles the role of homelessness in drug and sexual risk in a population of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). A cross-sectional survey of 569 respondents was collected between 2000 and 2001 in New York City with the goal of examining the import of homelessness in increased risk for the onset of drug and sexual risk. Three subgroups were compared and contrasted: (1) YMSM with no history of homelessness, (2) YMSM with a past history of homelessness but who were not homeless at the time of the interview, and (3) YMSM who were currently homeless. For each group, the prevalence of a broad range of stressful life events (including foster care and runaway episodes, involvement in the criminal justice system, etc.) was described. As well as selected mental health problems (including past suicide attempts, current depression, and selected help-seeking variables). Additionally, the prevalence of selected drug and sexual risk, including exposure to a broad range of illegal substances, current use of illegal drugs, and prevalence of lifetime exposure to sex work was detailed. Finally, an event history analysis approach was used to examine the timing of negative life experiences and homelessness relative to the onset of drug and sexual risk. Results show that high levels of background negative life experiences and manifest mental health distress are seen in all three groups.
When there's no place like home: options for children living apart from their natural families
- Editor:
- BLACHER Jan
- Publisher:
- Paul H. Brookes
- Publication year:
- 1994
- Pagination:
- 379p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Baltimore, MD
Explores the social, emotional and legal issues in the debate about child placement and family reunification policy in the United States. Looks at the circumstances that contribute to family separations and also at alternative living environments which best promote the well-being of children and families. Covers short and long term foster care; in-patient psychiatric care; adoption; small family homes and group homes; guardianship; residential centres. Also covers the implications of placement for children who are abused and children with mental health problems and learning difficulties.
Good practice in risk assessment and risk management 2: protection, rights and responsibilities
- Editors:
- KEMSHALL Hazel, PRITCHARD Jacki
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 327p.,tables,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Contains chapters on: improving judgment and appreciating biases within the risk assessment process; assessing gay and lesbian carers; making family placements - working with risks and building on strengths; risk in adoption and fostering; attempting to manage risk in children's homes; vulnerable people taking risks - older people and residential care; citizenship, personal development and the management of risk for people with learning difficulties; young people and drug use; the effects and risks of alcohol for individuals; homelessness and mental health; risk, residential services and people with mental health problems; community care, homicide inquiries and risk assessment; risk and prison suicide; teenage suicide and self-harm; issues in risk assessment in parole; rights versus risks when working with prisoners; risk, domestic violence and probation practice; throughcare practice, risk and contact with victims; and the role and responsibilities of middle managers.