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An exploration of family violence among the homeless: implications for policy and practice
- Author:
- PARDECK John T.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 4(4), 2005, pp.57-64.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The data for this study were drawn from the case records of clients who received services from a large homeless shelter in a mid-western state in the United States. The research found a high incidence of family violence among homeless people. The most common form of violence was physical; the least common was sexual abuse. The data also reported a high percentage of violence among homeless people confronted with mental illness. The policy and practice implications for these findings are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Multiple victimizations before and after leaving home associated with PTSD, depression, and substance use disorder among homeless youth
- Authors:
- BENDER Kimberly, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Maltreatment, 20(2), 2015, pp.115-124.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Exposure to multiple forms of maltreatment during childhood is associated with serious mental health consequences among youth in the general population, but limited empirical attention has focused on homeless youth - a population with markedly high rates of childhood maltreatment followed by elevated rates of street victimisation. This study investigated the rates of multiple childhood abuses (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) and multiple street victimisations (robbery, physical assault, and sexual assault) and examined their relative relationships to mental health outcomes (meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and substance use disorder) among a large (N = 601) multisite sample of homeless youth. Approximately 79% of youth retrospectively reported multiple childhood abuses (two or more types) and 28% reported multiple street victimisations (two or more types). Each additional type of street victimisation nearly doubled youths’ odds for meeting criteria for substance use disorder. Furthermore, each additional type of childhood abuse experienced more than doubled youths’ odds for meeting criteria for PTSD. Both multiple abuses and multiple street victimisations were associated with an approximate twofold increase in meeting depression criteria. Findings suggest the need for screening, assessment, and trauma-informed services for homeless youth who consider multiple types of abuse and victimisation experiences. (Edited publisher abstract)
Retraumatization among adult women sexually abused in childhood: exploratory analyses in a prospective study
- Authors:
- BANYARD Victoria L., WILLIAMS Linda M., SIEGEL Jane A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 11(3), 2002, pp.19-48.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The current exploratory study examined a variety of risk factors related to re-traumatization, defined broadly, in a prospective sample of women who were sexually abused in childhood. Eighty women, who were part of a larger longitudinal study of the effects of child sexual abuse, were interviewed at three points in time: in childhood and at two points in early adulthood. Risk factors were measured at the second interview and used to predict reported trauma exposure between interviews two and three. Given theoretical arguments for differences in risk factors based on ecological context, analyses were conducted separately for married and unmarried women. Situational and intrapersonal risk factors such as homelessness and depression were predictive of re-traumatization risk while reported social support satisfaction was a protective factor. Reports of trauma exposure between interviews two and three were related to mental health symptoms. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
How to improve the well-being of homeless girls: an exploratory study
- Authors:
- CASTANOS-CERVANTES Susana, AGUILAR-VILLALOBOS Javier
- Journal article citation:
- Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 14(1), 2019, pp.63-75.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Worldwide, homeless girls are a highly vulnerable group. They suffer sexual exploitation and forced labour, discrimination, and social exclusion at a higher rate than the rest of the general population. They often present anxiety and depression, unassertiveness and emotion dysregulation, among other psychosocial characteristics. All of these factors negatively impact subjective well-being, further worsening their mental health. Subjective well-being has both immediate (mental health, health behaviours) and long-term, cumulative effects on health (physical health, mortality), representing opportunities for investment in population health. Despite the relevance of subjective well-being and its associated factors, there is scarce research on the plight of homeless girls in Mexico and Latin America, which leads to ineffective interventions, policy actions and to a diminished quality of life. This study was carried out to develop and test a path model of well-being in 240 Mexican homeless girls ages 6–23 years old. Symptoms of anxiety and depression, assertiveness and emotion regulation strategies were used as factors influencing subjective well-being. Results showed that symptoms of depression and functional emotion regulation strategies have a significant direct influence on subjective well-being. Symptoms of anxiety and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies have an indirect influence on subjective well-being with symptoms of depression as the mediating variable. Assertiveness did not significantly influence well-being directly and indirectly. Functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies have a positive significant correlation. Fit indexes obtained indicate an excellent adjustment to data. R square indicates that 38% of the variance in subjective well-being can be explained by this model. Hence, the current study provides unique findings in terms of a model of well-being through which it is possible to design and implement interventions that increase such well-being in order to promote healthier social and emotional developmental trajectories in homeless girls, especially in the context of Latin American cities. (Edited publisher abstract)
The social networks of homeless youth experiencing intimate partner violence
- Author:
- PETERING Robin
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(12), 2014, pp.2172-2191.
- Publisher:
- Sage
While there is a growing body of research on intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by the housed youth population, a limited amount is known about IPV experienced by homeless youth. This study examines the relationship between IPV, gender, and social networks among a sample of 386 homeless youth in Los Angeles, California. Results revealed that one fifth of the sample experienced IPV in the past year. Stratified regression models revealed that IPV was not significantly related to any measure of male social networks; however, females who experienced IPV had more male friends than females who did not experience IPV. Female homeless youth who witnessed family violence during childhood had more male friends, but those who experienced sexual abuse during childhood had fewer male friends. Although there was no significant difference in the rate of IPV victimisation across genders, the context of this abuse appears to be drastically different. The results suggest that females with more male friendships are at greater risk for exposure to IPV. To date, there are few effective youth-targeted IPV prevention programmes and none have been shown to be effective with homeless youth. These results provide insight into future programme development. (Edited publisher abstract)
Changing experiences of youth
- Editors:
- GARRATT Daren, ROCHE Jeremy, TUCKER Stanley
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 165p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Anthology looking at the diverse experiences of young people in a multi-cultural society and of those who work with them. Contains chapters on: dyslexia; space, respect and support; young parents; racism and respect; incest survivors; eating disorders; AIDS; homelessness; young carers; school exclusion; community service; Saturday school; peer education about drugs; advocacy; bullying; crime; mental health; acting as an appropriate adult; fostering young people; and sexual health. Also contains papers from a teacher, youth worker, probation officer, residential social worker and GP's point of view. Aimed at all those training to work with young people as well as those already doing so.