Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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The association between acceptance and mental health while living with HIV
- Authors:
- DELANEY Eileen, O'BRIEN William H.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 10(3), 2012, pp.253-266.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
HIV-positive populations are often exposed to traumatic events at a higher rate than the general population. Also, negative appraisals and avoidance coping in response to stress are associated with less adaptive functioning. As an alternative, acceptance may be related to better well-being. This study evaluated the relationships among acceptance, avoidance coping, and multiple aspects of psychological functioning in military veterans receiving HIV-related care at a veterans affairs (VA) healthcare system in the United States. Fifty two military veterans who were HIV-positive and receiving care at a local VA healthcare system completed a battery of questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Results indicated that acceptance was related to better mental health variables. Implications for future research are discussed.
Impact of social support on cognitive symptom burden in HIV/AIDS
- Authors:
- ATKINS Jana H., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(7), July 2010, pp.793-802.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
As many as 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS report cognitive difficulties, which can be associated with objective neuropsychological impairments and depression. A number of studies have demonstrated an association between higher social support and lower rates of depression. This study examined the role social support may play in attenuating the effects of both neuropsychological status and depression on cognitive difficulties. A cross-sectional survey of 357 adult men with HIV in Toronto, Canada completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, questionnaires about cognitive difficulties and depression, and an interview that included an assessment of perceived level of social support. A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher levels of cognitive symptom burden were significantly associated with depression while lower levels of cognitive symptom burden were significantly associated with greater social support and higher level of education. There was a significant interaction between neuropsychological status and depression; the presence of neuropsychological impairment with depression was associated with higher levels of cognitive symptom burden. There was also a significant interaction between social support and depression. Interestingly, social support was also associated with a lower cognitive symptom burden for non-depressed individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The article concludes by discussing the clinical implications of these findings for promoting psychological well-being in persons living with HIV/AIDS.
Executive cognitive function of older people with HIV/AIDS
- Authors:
- KIM Suk-Hee, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 18(1), 2008, pp.48-63.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Executive cognitive function is concerned with the planning, initiation, sequencing and monitoring of complex goal-directed behaviour, and can be directly measured using instruments such as the Executive Clock Drawing Task (CLOX) which comprises CLOX 1 (drawing a clock face set to a specified time) and CLOX 2 (copying a clock face set to the same time). This study analyses CLOX results from a purposive sample of 275 people, including 91 receiving primary medical care for HIV AIDS at eight clinics in a US metropolitan area, with the aim of identifying whether there was a significant difference in scores between those with and without HIV AIDS. This was not the case. The most significant factors associated with executive cognitive impairment were age (over 50) and gender (male).
Psychological distress symptoms of individuals seeking HIV-related psychosocial support in western Kenya
- Authors:
- REECE M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 19(10), November 2007, pp.1194-1200.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
While researchers in many western countries have documented the nature of psychological distress that is commonly present among individuals living with HIV, there has been virtually no research on the same topic among other high prevalence areas of the world, particularly in countries like Kenya. This study sought to document the nature of psychological distress among 397 individuals living with HIV in western Kenya and who were participating in psychosocial support groups in conjunction with their enrolment in HIV-related treatment. Psychological distress was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), a 53-item self-report psychological inventory that asks individuals to recall symptoms experienced in the prior seven days. The levels of psychological distress in this sample were moderate with a substantial proportion of participants meeting the criteria that suggested a need for further psychiatric evaluation. Findings support the need for further assessments of the range and nature of psychological distress among the diverse communities of countries like Kenya and the need for greater attention to the inclusion of mental health services in the rapidly developing treatment and prevention programs in this region of the world.
Psychiatric diagnoses in a sample of HIV-infected people of color in methadone treatment
- Authors:
- WINIARSKI Mark G., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 41(4), August 2005, pp.379-391.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This article describes the rates of psychiatric diagnoses in a convenience sample of HIV-positive, African American and Hispanic clients in methadone treatment in the Bronx, New York. Out of 139 HIV-positive volunteers, 99 subjects had diagnoses in addition to opioid dependence on agonist therapy. These findings confirm the need to target mental health as part of the national response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in inner cities.
Predictors of successful return to work from HIV-related disability
- Authors:
- DiCLEMENTI Jeannie D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 3(3), 2004, pp.91-98.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This American study examines factors distinguishing HIV-infected persons who successfully return to work (RTW) from those who do not. Records were obtained from 135 participants in a return to work program; these were matched with the records of 135 persons who did not return to work. Matching was made on the basis of age, gender, race, CD4 counts, and length of time in treatment. The return to work group had a greater total number of mental health diagnoses than the non-return group; however, when type of diagnosis was controlled for, the non-return group had greater numbers of substance use disorders. It appears that substance use disorders precludes a successful return to the workforce, while accessing the mental health treatment system may actually facilitate a return to work. Careful psychosocial assessment of clients on entry into the primary care clinic can aid referrals directly into a RTW program or into services that would facilitate an eventual return to work. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
The quality of life of HIV-infected women is associated with psychiatric morbidity
- Authors:
- TOSTES M.A., CHALUB M., BOTEGA N.J.
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 16(2), February 2004, pp.177-186.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Evaluates the effect of clinical, demographic and psychiatric factors on the health-related quality of life of 76 women with HIV infection seen in two HIV reference centres in Brazil. The generic questionnaire for evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) were used. The statistical tests included the covariance analysis. The sub-group of the non-AIDS symptoms (clinical stage B) showed the worst quality of life. The variables which better explained the scoring variation on both the mental and physical components of the SF-36 were related to mental health. The more mental symptoms present, the worse the health-related quality of life. Concludes that care strategies should be rethought in the area of mental health which are directed toward HIV+ patients, by virtue of the levels of mental health symptoms found and the request for care which the research revealed.
Dual diagnosis: HIV and mental illness: a population-based study
- Authors:
- STOSKOPF Carleen H., KIM Yang K., GLOVER Saundra H.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 37(6), December 2001, pp.469-479.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This is a American cross-sectional, population-based study using hospital discharge abstract data to determine the relative risk associated with having a dual diagnosis of mental illness and HIV/AIDS. The analysis addressed issues of gender, race, and age, as well as type of mental illness. Persons with a mental illness are 1.44 times more likely to have HIV/AIDS. Women are at increased risk of being dually diagnosed. There are no risk differences by race. Those with specific diagnosis of substance abuse or a depressive disorder are more likely to have a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.
Prevalence and change in psychiatric disorders among perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed youth
- Authors:
- MELLINS Claude A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 24(7-8), July 2012, pp.953-962.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
As the paediatric HIV epidemic in resource-rich countries evolves into an adolescent epidemic, there is a need for studies examining mental health needs of perinatally HIV infected (PHIV+ ) youth as they transition through adolescence. This paper examines the role of perinatal HIV infection in influencing mental health by comparing the changes in psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders (SUD) in PHIV+ and perinatally HIV exposed, but uninfected (PHIV- ) youth over time. Participants were recruited from four medical centres in New York City. Individual interviews were administered at baseline and 18-month follow-up to 166 PHIV+ and 114 PHIV- youth. Over two-thirds of participants met criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder at either baseline or follow-up. Among PHIV+ youth, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of any psychiatric disorder, as well as anxiety disorders specifically over time, whereas the prevalence of any psychiatric disorder among PHIV- youth remained the same and mood disorders increased. Rates of SUD were low in both groups. PHIV+ youth reported more use of mental health services at follow-up. In conclusion, the rates of psychiatric disorder were high, even compared to other vulnerable populations, suggesting that factors other than perinatal HIV infection may be important determinants of mental health.
Mental health functioning among children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection and perinatal HIV exposure
- Authors:
- MALEE Kathleen M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 23(12), December 2011, pp.1533-1544.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study investigated prevalence of mental health problems (MHPs) among young people with perinatal HIV exposure, including both perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU). Participants included 416 young people who were interviewed with the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2) to estimate rates of at-risk and clinically significant MHPs, including caregiver-reported behavioural problems and youth-reported emotional problems. Findings revealed that the overall prevalence of MHPs at entry was 29% and greater than expected based on recent national surveys of the general population. MHPs were more likely among PHEU (38%) than among PHIV+ (25%). Factors associated with higher odds of MHPs at included caregiver characteristics such as psychiatric disorder, limit-setting problems, health-related functional limitations, and participant characteristics such as younger age and lower IQ. These findings suggest that PHEU children are at high risk for MHPs. The authors concluded that family-based prevention and intervention programmes for HIV affected young people and their caregivers may minimise long-term consequences of MHPs.