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Comparing sense of coherence, depressive symptoms and anxiety, and their relationships with health in a population-based study
- Authors:
- KONTINEN Hanna, HAUKKALA Ari, UUTELA Anitta
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 66(12), June 2008, pp.2401-2412.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The strong negative correlations observed between the sense of coherence (SOC) scale and measures of depression and anxiety raise the question of whether the SOC scale inversely measures the other constructs. The main aim of the present study was to examine the discriminant validity of the three measures by comparing their associations with health indicators and behaviours. The participants were 25 to 74-year-old Finnish men (n = 2351) and women (n = 2291) from the National Cardiovascular Risk Factor Survey conducted in 1997. The SOC scale had high inverse correlations with both depression (r = −0.62 among both men and women) and anxiety measures (r = −0.57 among the men and r = −0.54 among the women). Although confirmatory factor analyses suggested that it was possible to differentiate between SOC, cognitive depressive symptoms and anxiety, the estimated correlations were even higher than those mentioned above. Education was related only to SOC, but the associations of SOC, cognitive depressive symptoms and anxiety with self-reported and clinically measured health indicators (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol) and health behaviours were almost identical. The variation in the lowest SOC tertile was more strongly associated with health variables than in the highest tertile. To conclude, the size of the overlap between the SOC and depression scales was the same as between depression and anxiety measures. This indicates that future studies should examine the discriminant validity of different psychosocial scales more closely, and should compare them in health research in order to bring parallel concepts into the same scientific discussion.
Depression and dementia: coexistence and differentiation
- Author:
- WARRINGTON Jill
- Publisher:
- University of Stirling. Dementia Services Development Centre
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 37p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Stirling
This report reviews the complex relationship between these two conditions and gives guidance on the recognition and management of depression in older people. Contents include: defining depression and dementia; how common are depression and dementia in the elderly?; what causes depression; how do depression and dementia relate to each other?; depressive dementia (pseudodementia); depression as a secondary condition to dementia.
Reducing the global burden of depression: population-level analysis of intervention cost-effectiveness in 14 world regions
- Authors:
- CHISHOLM Dan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(5), May 2004, pp.393-403.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
International evidence on the cost and effects of interventions for reducing the global burden of depression remain scarce. The aim was to estimate the population-level cost-effectiveness of evidence-based depression interventions and their contribution towards reducing current burden. Primary-care-based depression interventions were modelled at the level of whole populations in 14 epidemiological subregions of the world. Total population-level costs (in international dollars or I$) and effectiveness (disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted) were combined to form average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Evaluated interventions have the potential to reduce the current burden of depression by 10–30%. Pharmacotherapy with older antidepressant drugs, with or without proactive collaborative care, are currently more cost-effective strategies than those using newer antidepressants, particularly in lower-income subregions. Even in resource-poor regions, each DALYaverted by efficient depression treatments in primary care costs less than 1 year of average per capita income, making such interventions a cost-effective use of health resources. However, current levels of burden can only be reduced significantly if there is a substantial increase in treatment coverage.
Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000
- Authors:
- USTUN T. B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(5), May 2004, pp.386-392.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The initial Global Burden of Disease study found that depression was the fourth leading cause of disease burden, accounting for 3.7% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in the world in 1990. These are new estimates of depression burden for the year 2000. DALYs for depressive disorders in each world region were calculated, based on new estimates of mortality, prevalence, incidence, average age at onset, duration and disability severity. Depression is the fourth leading cause of disease burden, accounting for 4.4% of total DALYs in the year 2000, and it causes the largest amount of non-fatal burden, accounting for almost 12% of all total years lived with disability worldwide. These data on the burden of depression worldwide represent a major public health problem that affects patients and society.
The health of young people in care and leaving care in Glasgow
- Author:
- RIDLEY S
- Publisher:
- The Big Step
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 35p.
- Place of publication:
- Glasgow
This big step research report is based on a study commissioned to examine the health needs and issues of a sample of young people being looked after by their local authority in Glasgow. Topics covered include, demographics, mental health, nutrition, sexual health and relationships, smoking, drug use, alcohol use, and leaving care.
Health survey for England 2005: health of older people: volume 1: general health and function
- Editors:
- CRAIG Rachel, MINDELL Jennifer, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- National Health Service. Information Centre for Health and Social Care
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 144p.
- Place of publication:
- Leeds
The Health Survey for England is conducted annually and collects information about a representative sample of the general population. It is vital to our understanding of the health situation and behaviours of the public in England and helps to ensure that policies are informed by these data. The survey combines information gathered through interviewing the sampled respondents, including a wealth of socio-demographic variables, with objective measures of health, such as blood pressure measurements, and analyses of blood samples. Thus we can study the inter-relationship of the characteristics and circumstances of adults and their children, with their health situation. The 2005 survey focuses on the health of older people, looking at far ranging topics including chronic disease, social capital and mental health.
Health survey for England 2005: health of older people: volume 5: methodology and documentation
- Editors:
- CRAIG Rachel, MINDELL Jennifer, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- National Health Service. Information Centre for Health and Social Care
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 236p.
- Place of publication:
- Leeds
The Health Survey for England is conducted annually and collects information about a representative sample of the general population. It is vital to our understanding of the health situation and behaviours of the public in England and helps to ensure that policies are informed by these data. The survey combines information gathered through interviewing the sampled respondents, including a wealth of socio-demographic variables, with objective measures of health, such as blood pressure measurements, and analyses of blood samples. Thus we can study the inter-relationship of the characteristics and circumstances of adults and their children, with their health situation. The 2005 survey focuses on the health of older people, looking at far ranging topics including chronic disease, social capital and mental health. Volume 5 is on methodology and documentation.
Measuring mental health needs
- Editor:
- THORNICROFT G.
- Publisher:
- Gaskell
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 524p, bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
- Edition:
- 2nd.
This updated edition provides professional, managerial and research staff in health and social care with an understanding of how to put into practice assessments of need in mental health. Contents include: definitions and targets for needs assessments; measuring population needs; choosing among needs, priorities and costs; evaluating the ability of psychiatric services to meet needs; methods for assessing individual needs; needs of special groups.
Social care and black communities: a review of recent research studies
- Authors:
- BUTT Jabeer, MIRZA Kurshida
- Publisher:
- Stationery Office
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 162p.,tables,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Provides a critical review of research looking at the prevalence, incidence and characteristics of the social care and related health needs of black and minority ethnic communities. Summarises information on the take-up, and access to social services of ethnic minorities. Material covered includes academic and published research; local authority studies; and voluntary and community group studies.