Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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New grandparents’ mental health: the protective role of optimism, self-mastery, and social support
- Authors:
- SHLOMO Shirley Ben, TAUBMAN-BEN-ARI Orit
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 15(4), July 2012, pp.254-271.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
First-time grandparents report conflicting feelings in the wake of the transition to their new role. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of optimism, self-mastery, perceived social support, and background variables (age, physical health, economic status) to mental health following the transition to grandparenthood. The sample consisted of 257 first-time Israeli grandparents (156 grandmothers and 101 grandfathers), of whom 151 were maternal grandparents and 106 were paternal grandparents. The participants were asked to complete a series of self-report questionnaires. Analysis was conducted to examine: differences between grandparents by gender and lineage; associations between mental health and the independent variables; and the unique and combined contribution of the independent variables to the mental health of new grandparents. The results indicate the importance of internal and external resources, as well as of health and economic status, for the mental health of new grandparents. The value of designing relevant preventive interventions by family social workers to assist grandparents in coping with their new role is discussed.
Childhood maltreatment and the structure of common psychiatric disorders
- Authors:
- KEYES Katherine M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(2), February 2012, pp.107-115.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Exposure to childhood maltreatment has been shown to increase risk for many psychiatric disorders. This non-specific pattern of risk may mean that childhood maltreatment increases vulnerability to numerous specific psychiatric disorders through diverse, specific mechanisms or that childhood maltreatment engenders a generalised liability to dimensions of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations of childhood maltreatment with underlying dimensions of internalising and externalising psychopathology and with specific disorders. Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative survey of 34,653 US adults. Analysis revealed that the association between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorders operates through latent liabilities to experience internalising and externalising psychopathology. Important gender differences emerged with physical abuse associated only with externalising liability in men, and only with internalising liability in women. Neglect was not significantly associated with latent liability levels. The findings indicate that the prevention of maltreatment may have a wide range of benefits in reducing the prevalence of many common mental disorders.
Ethnicity, gender and mental health
- Authors:
- ROBINSON Mark, KEATING Frank, ROBERTSON Steve
- Journal article citation:
- Diversity in Health and Care, 8(2), June 2011, pp.81-92.
- Publisher:
- Radcliffe Publishing
This study investigated specific black and minority ethnic (BME) men's beliefs about mental health and their experiences of mental health services. It considered the complexities of men's gendered identities and the interplay of these with race, ethnicity and cultural influences. Twelve focus groups consisting of men from specific BME groups were held in London and the West Midlands, and the groups included: African-Caribbean, African, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese. The findings include BME men's narratives of well-being, which highlight the importance of relational and normative aspects and the influences of gender and ethnicity on aspirations, identity and values. Factors contributing to mental illness relate to gendered and racialised social expectations, economic factors, generational and gender issues, and experiences of services. The authors concluded that a mix of gendered and racialised experiences, including social stigma, the coercive power of institutions, and men's own perceptions of services contributed to cycles of disengagement and isolation for marginalised BME men with mental health problems.
Attitudes to health promotion interventions among patients in mental health services – differences in relation to socio-demographic, clinical and health-related variables
- Author:
- SVEDBERG Petra
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 20(2), 2011, pp.126-135.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
The global burden of mental illness is high, with mental illness affecting 1 in 4 people at some stage during their lives. The high social and economic costs of poor mental health have contributed to a growing recognition of the need for health promotion interventions in mental health services. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in patients' attitudes to health promotion interventions with regard to socio-demographic, clinical and health-related variables. The participants were 141 outpatients in contact with 8 community mental health service units in the county of Halland, Sweden. The participants rated their attitudes to the concept of health promotion interventions in accordance to the Health Promotion Intervention Questionnaire (HPIQ). The results show a clear indication that there are gender differences in attitudes of health promotion interventions in mental health services, with females rating overall health promotion interventions as more important than males did. The article concludes that gender issues have to be considered in health promotion interventions in mental health services and taken into account in the assessment, planning and delivery of the interventions as well as the evaluation of outcomes.
Oxford textbook of women and mental health
- Editors:
- KOHEN Dora, (ed.)
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 333p.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
This textbook includes essays from 57 contributors and covers the growing field in psychiatry of gender and mental health. It reports on epidemiological data showing increased frequency in different clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders in women. The psychosocial, social, cultural, and endocrinological factors which contribute to diagnoses specific to women are discussed, along with the societal, parental and personal consequences of their problems. Part 1 explores fundamental aspects of women and mental health, such as stigma and stereotyped attitudes, gender-based violence, ethnicity, biological differences, lesbianism, attachment, maternal mental health and women as carers. Part 2A describes clinical aspects of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder aetiology and treatment; women in forensic institutions; and the social care needs of women. Part 2B covers perinatal psychiatric disorders in depth, with Parts 2C and 2D looking at substance misuse and eating disorders, respectively. Part 3 includes chapters on past-traumatic stress disorder, self-harm and suicide, and medically unexplained symptoms in women. Part 4 covers parental psychiatric disorders during and after pregnancy. Part 5 looks at women with learning disabilities. Part 6 summarises legislation, policy and the law.
Mental health correlates of intimate partner violence in marital relationships in a nationally representative sample of males and females
- Authors:
- AFIFI Tracie O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(8), August 2009, pp.1398-1417.
- Publisher:
- Sage
It is important to understand the epidemiology of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by both males and females. Data were drawn from the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The relationships between physical IPV and child abuse, mental disorders, and suicidal ideation and attempts among males and females were examined. The results indicate that child sexual abuse was associated with IPV among males, whereas child physical and sexual abuse was associated with IPV among females. IPV was associated with poor mental health outcomes for males and females, although sex differences are noted. The sex differences indicate that females experience a wider range of poor mental health outcomes compared to males. Knowledge about correlates of IPV can be useful in identifying individuals exposed to violence. Further research is required to identify effective methods to reduce exposure to IPV and to adequately address the specific needs of male and female victims of IPV.
Women with and without intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders: an examination of the literature
- Authors:
- TAGGART L., MCMILLAN R., LAWSON A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 12(3), September 2008, pp.191-211.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article examines the literature on women with and without intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders, using a gender social model of health. Relevant empirical studies, international literature reviews and policies between 1980 and 2007 were identified from electronic databases, journals and secondary sources. Three areas were examined: psychiatric disorders, their contextual background, and their clinical presentation. There are minimal levels of research into women with intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders. However, this article hypothesizes that women with intellectual disability have higher rates of psychiatric disorders than women without. This may result from greater vulnerability related both to internal factors (`intra': cognitive deficits, poorer communication skills, limited social skills) and to the external world (`inter': lack of opportunities, stigma, poor social support networks). The article argues that such women require gender-sensitive mental health services. However, more empirical evidence is required to support this claim and to inform development and delivery of services.
The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult mental health among undergraduates
- Authors:
- YOUNG Scott M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(10), October 2007, pp.1315-1331.
- Publisher:
- Sage
A large body of research has documented the harmful effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on adult mental health among females, but less work has examined this issue among males. This study examined whether gender moderated the relationship between CSA and adult mental health among a mixed-gender sample of 406 undergraduates. A Pearson chi-square test indicated that a significantly greater proportion of females (41.6%) than males (30.7%) reported a history of CSA. ANCOVAs tested whether gender, CSA status, and their interaction were related to adult mental health symptomatology as measured by Brief Symptom Inventory gender-normed t scores. Participants with a history of CSA reported significantly higher levels of global mental health problems, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism. The gender by CSA status interaction was not significant for any scale, indicating that the harmful effects of CSA on adult mental health did not vary by gender.
Mental health, employment and gender: cross-sectional evidence in a sample of refugees from Bosnia-Herzegovina living in two Swedish regions
- Authors:
- BLIGHT Karin Johansson, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 62(7), April 2006, pp.1697-1709.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Large regional differences regarding access to employment have been observed amongst persons from Bosnia-Herzegovina coming to Sweden in 1993–1994. This has led to questions about the role of mental health. To explore this further, postal survey questionnaires were distributed to a community sample (N=650) that was stratified and, within strata, randomly selected from a sampling frame of persons coming to Sweden from Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1993–1994. Four hundred and thirteen persons returned the questionnaire providing a response rate of 63.5%. The aim was to increase knowledge about the relationship between mental health and employment in the chosen population. The main mental health outcome measure was the Göteborg Quality of Life instrument from which 360 respondents were grouped according to low or high symptom levels. Data were cross tabulated against background variables such as age, gender and occupational status, and then tested using binary logistic regression. Binary logistic regression revealed unemployed men but not women, and women who had been working for longer periods during 1993–1999, to be associated with high levels of symptoms of poor mental health. Women living in the urban region were also overrepresented in the high symptom group. These findings indicate that, job occupancy is important to the health of men in the study. However, for the women, further understanding is needed, as job occupancy at some level as well as living in the urban region appear to be associated with poor mental health.
The poor general health of the severely mentally ill: impact of schizophrenic diagnosis
- Authors:
- CHAFETZ Linda, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 41(2), April 2005, pp.169-184.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This study focused on poor health among the severely mentally ill and additional risks associated with schizophrenia. Records of 781 clients in short-term residential treatment programs provided data. The schizophrenic subgroup was compared to others in bivariate analyses, with significant findings included in logistic regression. Those with schizophrenia were more likely to be male, unemployed, and insured by MediCal/Medicare. Most health problems occurred at similar rates across diagnoses, reflecting common environmental risk factors. Those with schizophrenia had less substance abuse and fewer liver conditions, but more diabetes and chronic respiratory problems. Implications for providers and for research are discussed.