Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Gender differences in psychotic disorders with concurrent substance use
- Authors:
- CATON Carol L. M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 10(4), 2014, pp.177-186.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Objective: The authors conducted a comparative analysis of gender differences in patients with primary psychotic disorders with concurrent substance use and in those with substance-induced psychoses. Methods: A total of 385 individuals admitted to psychiatric emergency departments with early-onset psychosis and recent substance use were interviewed at baseline and at six-month intervals for two years. Using a standardised research diagnostic assessment instrument, the authors classified patients at baseline into primary and substance-induced psychosis groups and analysed the effects of gender on demographic, family, and clinical characteristics at baseline, the interaction of gender and diagnosis, and gender main effects on illness course, adjustment, and service use over the two-year follow-up period. Results: Women had better premorbid adjustment, less misattribution of symptoms, and a later age at onset of regular drug use compared to men. Women, however, showed greater depression and histories of abuse compared to men. Men had greater arrest histories. No interactions between gender and diagnosis were significant. Both genders in the primary and substance-induced psychosis groups showed clinical and functional improvement over the follow-up period despite the overall minimal use of mental health and substance abuse treatment services. Conclusions: Women and men with psychosis and substance use differ on several dimensions. The findings suggest the need for gender-specific treatment programming across both diagnostic groups. (Edited publisher abstract)
Youth sexual exploitation on the Internet: DSM-IV diagnoses and gender differences in co-occurring mental health issues
- Authors:
- WELLS Melissa, MITCHELL Kimberly J.
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 24(3), June 2007, pp.235-260.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This paper explores conventional (non-Internet-related) mental health issues and DSM-IV diagnoses seen among a sample of 512 youth receiving mental health services for an Internet-related problem, with particular attention to victims of online sexual exploitation. Youth victims of online sexual exploitation were more likely to have a post-traumatic stress disorder than youth with other Internet-related problems. Specific attention was given to differences among subgroups of female and male youth victims of online sexual exploitation as compared with same-gender youth with other Internet-related problems. Findings suggest the importance of including Internet use and victimization as part of a standard clinical assessment.
Is the earlier age at onset of schizophrenia in males a confounded finding?
- Authors:
- JABLENSKY Assen, COLE Steven W.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, March 1997, pp.234-240.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The finding of an earlier age at onset of schizophrenia in males compared with females, replicated across a number of studies, appears to be so robust as to support hypotheses about gender differences in the aetiology of the disorder. Explores the possibility that this observed gender effect might reflect other confounding variables. Concludes that the gender difference in the age at onset of schizophrenia is not a robust biological characteristic of the disorder. Failure to control for marital status and pre-morbid personality in male/female comparisons of age at onset may explain a large part of the differences reported previously.
Prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population
- Authors:
- JOHNS Louise C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(10), October 2004, pp.298-305.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The psychosis phenotype is generally thought of as a categorical entity. However, there is increasing evidence that psychosis exists in the population as a continuum of severity rather than an all-or-none phenomenon. The aim was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms using data from the 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. A total of 8580 respondents aged 16–74 years were interviewed. Questions covered mental health, physical health, substance use, life events and socio-demographic variables. The Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to identify psychotic symptoms. Of the respondents, 5.5% endorsed one or more items on the PSQ. Factors independently associated with psychotic symptoms were cannabis dependence, alcohol dependence, victimisation, recent stressful life events, lower intellectual ability and neurotic symptoms. Male gender was associated with paranoid thoughts, whereas female gender predicted hallucinatory experiences. Self-reported psychotic symptoms are less common in this study than reported elsewhere, because of the measure used. These symptoms have demographic and clinical correlates similar to clinical psychosis.
Gender differences in depression: a study of older unlike-sex twins
- Authors:
- TAKKINEN S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 8(3), May 2004, pp.187-195.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Gender differences in depressive symptoms, in the diagnosis of major/minor depression, and in the use of antidepressant medication were investigated. The sample included 249 pairs of unlike-sex twins, who were between 70 and 80 years of age at the initial, baseline assessment. A follow-up, in which both members of 145 twin pairs participated, was carried out four years later. Participants completed the Centre for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for depressive symptoms. Current use of antidepressant medicine was assessed. Medical records of major/minor depression from the period 1985-1998, including a summary of those diagnoses in earlier years, were gathered from several sources. Women had a higher frequency of depressive symptoms and depression diagnoses than their twin brothers. Depressive symptoms and diagnosis of depression increased over time, slightly more among men. The gender difference and increase over time in the depressive symptoms were related to differences in socio-economic status and physical functioning in men and women. No gender difference was found in the use of antidepressant medication.
Phantom boarder symptom in dementia
- Authors:
- HWANG Jen-Ping, YANG Chen-Hong, TSAI Shih-Jen
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(5), May 2003, pp.417-420.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Phantom boarder symptom (PBS), which has been labelled a misidentification and is commonly observed in cases of Alzheimer's disease, is the perceptual dysfunction where it is imagined that there are people in the home. It may also be encountered in cases of vascular dementia and other variants of this cognitive dysfunction. This study was undertaken to investigate PBS frequency and characteristics for a sample of dementia inpatients, and to determine the strength of the association with other psychotic symptoms. The sample population consisted of 240 dementia patients admitted to our geropsychiatric ward. Patients with and without PBS were compared in terms of general characteristics and psychotic symptoms. Of the 240 dementia patients, PBS was identified in 56 (23.3%). There were no significant gender differences between the PBS and non-PBS groups. Means for age and onset-age were higher for the PBS group, and the prevalence of hallucinations and other misidentifications was greater compared to the non-PBS analog. Occurrence of PBS was not significantly associated with delusions or physical aggression. PBS is a common symptom in dementia of various etiologies. Our association findings suggest that it may be more productive to classify PBS as a type of misidentification, instead of as a delusion.
Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Author:
- DALSGAARD Soren
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 181(11), November 2002, pp.416-421.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood condition, and is more prevalent in boys. The adult outcome of girls with ADHD has never been studied. Girls with ADHD had a higher risk of adult psychiatric admission than boys. Conduct problems were also associated with a higher risk. Girls with ADHD with conduct problems had a very high risk of a psychiatric admission in adulthood.
Outcome of psychosis in people of African-Caribbean family origin
- Authors:
- HARRISON Glynn, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, July 1999, pp.43-49.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
An increased incidence of psychotic disorders has repeatedly been reported among African-Caribbeans in the UK. This article examines whether the increased incidence of psychotic disorders in first- and second-generation African-Caribbeans in the UK could be caused by a relative excess of affective-related psychoses with good prognosis. Results found that the pattern course of psychosis did not differ significantly by ethnic family background. An excess of good-prognosis affective psychoses is an unlikely explanation for increased rates of psychosis in African-Caribbeans.
Prospective study into factors associated with aggressive incidents in psychiatric acute admission wards
- Authors:
- KHO King, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, January 1998, pp.38-43.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Factors associated with aggression among psychiatric in-patients are still poorly understood. This study examines levels of aggression ascertained weekly by staff report for every patient on five acute admission wards and one locked intensive care ward at two hospitals prospectively over a five-month period. Found that levels of aggression varied considerably among the admission wards. Aggression was more common on the locked away and among younger patients. Factors associated with aggression changed with time since admission. Complex associations were found with gender, ethnic group and diagnosis.
Mental health in primary care. An epidemiological study of morbidity and use of health resources
- Authors:
- VAZQUEZ-BARQUERO Jose, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, June 1997, pp.529-535.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Discusses the results of a survey to analyse the sociological, clinical and illness-related correlates of mental illness in primary care. The survey looks at the GP's abilities to identify and handle their patient's mental illness; investigates patients outcome and how it is conditioned by the presence of mental illness and related factors; and explores the way in which the identification of mental illness by the GP conditions the use of the patient's outcome and use of health resources. Concludes that in primary care, mental illness constitutes a mental health problem. Despite this fact, GP's do not recognise a substantial proportion of these health problems.