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Violence and mental disorder: a critical aid to the assessment and management of risk
- Authors:
- BLUMENTHAL Steven, LAVENDER Tony
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 192p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
The authors of this book have carried out a literature review on violence and mental disorder to be utilised by clinicians, researchers and policy makers working in this area. It is intended as a reference book for mental health professionals, whose day to day work involves assessing and managing those thought to at risk of engaging in violence. The book intends to take the debate about violence into new territory by increasing the reader’s understanding of the wide range of factors associated with the commission of violence. It is also intended as an up to date academic review of the literature, detailing research and commentary to assist academic researchers.
Service evaluation of the need for care and clinical risk management procedures using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) secure
- Authors:
- LIDDIARD Kim, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Practice, 21(1), 2019, pp.61-70.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the current forensic mental health inpatient population within a medium secure unit is more or less complex (i.e. clinical and risk presentations) than former years using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) secure. Additionally, the use of the HoNOS secure as a service-wide measure is discussed in terms of its usefulness. Clinical implications and recommendations are offered for the continued use of the HoNOS secure in services more widely. Design/methodology/approach: A retrospective case review of completed HoNOS secure assessments for 130 patients over three time intervals 2012, 2015 and 2018 was used. A multivariate analysis was performed on the data using SPSS version 25. Findings: The findings revealed that contrary to clinical opinion, inpatients’ clinical and risk presentations had not changed significantly overtime. Research limitations/implications: The study shows the benefits of using the HoNOS secure at a service-wide level to explore and understand similarities and differences in inpatient admissions over time. It also highlights the usefulness of the HoNOS secure for considering different ward characteristics and the needs of patients residing in these environments. Originality/value: Although much research exists surrounding the individual use of the HoNOS secure in relation to outcomes, there is limited research focusing on use of the HoNOS secure at the service level. The paper therefore provides evidence of the utility and value of the HoNOS secure as a service-level outcome measure.
Training youth services staff to identify, assess, and intervene when working with youth at high risk for suicide
- Authors:
- OSTEEN Philip J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 86, 2018, pp.308-315.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Youth in the child welfare system are often at increased risk for suicide due to the numerous physical and psychological challenges they face. This study was a longitudinal assessment of the impact of suicide intervention training on staff's abilities to identify, assess, and intervene when working with these youth in a child welfare setting. Participants received an adapted version of the “Youth and Depression” suicide intervention curriculum (Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 2010) designed to improve participants' attitudes toward suicide intervention, knowledge about suicide intervention, self-efficacy for engaging in intervention behaviours, and increased use of assessment and intervention behaviours over time. ANOVA tests yielded large effect sizes for increasing knowledge and self-efficacy. There were no statistical changes in attitudes and reluctance, but these were very positive even before training. Results for changes in the use of assessment and intervention skills were more modest but demonstrated some improvements from pre-training to post-training. Further refinement of the curriculum may yield larger and consistent improvements in intervention behaviours. (Edited publisher abstract)
Harm reduction in a Norwegian housing first project: a qualitative study of the treatment providers’ practice
- Authors:
- ANDVIG Ellen Sofie, SAELOR Knut Tore, OGUNDIPE Esther
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 11(1), 2018, pp.4-15.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Little is known about how harm reduction is practiced in Norwegian housing first (HF) projects. The purpose of this paper is to explore, describe, and interpret how providers apply a harm reduction approach within a housing project focused on individuals who are homeless with co-morbid substance use and mental health problems. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative study was part of a larger evaluation study of a three-year HF project in a Norwegian municipality. Data were collected using four multi-stage focus groups with five providers working in the HF project. Focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Analysis resulted in three main themes: “Letting the service user sit in the driver’s seat,” “We don’t follow service provision contracts, we do everything,” and “Collaborating with the local community.” Research limitations/implications: There is a need to develop increased knowledge about service users’ experiences within the harm reduction approach. Practical implications: To practice effective harm reduction, treatment providers must have open authorisations and the opportunity to exercise professional judgement. Harm reduction practice must also focus on social, political, and economic factors influencing users’ everyday lives. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the knowledge base on harm reduction within HF practice that differs from a traditional model wherein clients are expected to abstain from substance use. It highlights important preconditions for challenges practitioners might encounter at both individual and service system levels. (Publisher abstract)
Outcomes of the ON FIRE peer support programme for children and adolescents in families with mental health problems
- Authors:
- FOSTER Kim, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 21(3), 2016, p.295–306.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Children in families with mental health problems may encounter multiple risks to their well-being. General aims of peer support programmes for these children include fostering resilience and effective coping strategies, and enhancing self-esteem and social skills. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes from a pilot multi-site implementation of the ON FIRE peer support programme. The purpose of ON FIRE is to cultivate hope, resilience and well-being in children and adolescents aged 8–17 years living in families affected by sibling or parental mental health problems. The authors employed a pre-post test (baseline and 4 months) evaluation using a suite of outcome measures. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Children's Hope Scale, Kids Connections Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C) were completed for 64 child/adolescent participants. At baseline, participants had significantly greater difficulties compared with Australian norms. At 4 months, there were significant differences in children's hope and in connections outside the family. There were no significant differences in the SDQ or the PANAS-C. (Edited publisher abstract)
Predictors of dually diagnosed patients’ psychiatric symptom exacerbation during acute substance use disorder treatment
- Authors:
- TIMKO Christine, ILGEN Mark, MOOS Rudolf H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 4(1), 2007, pp.55-74.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A total of 230 dual diagnosis patients receiving treatment from 14 residential substance abuse programmes were evaluated at intake, discharge (98%) and one-year follow-up (80%). A higher risk of exacerbated psychiatric symptoms at discharge was associated with the following at intake: anxiety; being untroubled by psychiatric symptoms; using more than one substance; having less severe alcohol problems; living with a problem drinker; and having no close friends. Those who received, during their acute treatment, recommended services (e.g. individual counselling, vocational counselling, discharge planning) were more likely to improve even when intake risk was controlled. In addition, those who received outpatient treatment after discharge were more likely to have fewer psychiatric symptoms at one-year follow-up. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Risk assessment: 'numbers' and 'values'
- Author:
- SZMUKLER George
- Journal article citation:
- Psychiatric Bulletin, 27(6), June 2003, pp.205-207.
- Publisher:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
Risk assessment has two components, which may be termed 'numbers' and 'values'. 'Numbers' refer to the estimation of the likelihood that an adverse event will occur in a stated period of time. The methods are mathematical and statistical. 'Values' refer to the processes of attaching a value to the risk and deciding what should be done about it. Benefits are weighed against costs in what is largely a moral enterprise.
The development of a community gym for people with mental health problems: influences on psychological accessibility
- Authors:
- RAINE Pamela, TRUMAN Carole, SOUTHERST Annie
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 11(1), February 2002, pp.43-53.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Explores the ways in which one innovative mental health service has attempted to address the issue of psychological accessibility and 'safety' for its users. Drawing upon an evaluation of a community-based exercise facility for people with mental health problems, and using a qualitative research approach, the authors explore the views of users, service providers and referral agencies to draw out those aspects of the service, which influence accessibility. The findings emphasise the importance of the facility's non-institutional appearance, its community location, and the perceived (physical and psychological) 'distance' from medically based mental health services. meaningful to service users and socially valued (and therefore non-stigmatising). Crucial to reducing any potential psychological 'risk' involved in participating in exercise regimes for vulnerable people is the relationship fostered between staff and service users, the level of individual support provided, and the flexible approach to users' progress.
Crisis telephone consultation for deliberate self-harm patients: How the study groups used the telephone and usual health-care services
- Authors:
- EVANS Mark O., MORGAN Gethin, HAYWARD Alan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 9(2), April 2000, pp.155-164.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
In this study eight hundred and twenty-seven deliberate self-harm (DSH) patients admitted to medical wards were randomly allocated to either control or intervention (Green Card) groups. In addition to treatment as usual the intervention group was offered crisis telephone support. Analyses are presented on the way the telephone help-line was used as well as both groups' utilisation of primary and secondary healthcare services. Concludes that an urgent telephone consultation service for DSH patients is feasible to run and may result in a reduced requirement for other health-care services. On present evidence such a service should be confined to patients with no previous history of DSH.
A critical appraisal of violent incident measures
- Author:
- BOWERS Len
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 8(4), August 1999, pp.339-349.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Instrumentation for the recording of violence incidents in psychiatric wards for the purpose of research remain rudimentary and underdeveloped. This article provides a critical review of the currently available research tools. All have potentially fatal handicaps which have not been identified in previous reviews, the most serious of which is the conflation of severity of a violent incident with the outcome in terms of injury.