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Addressing opioid misuse and mental health conditions through interdisciplinary workforce development programs
- Authors:
- WELLER Bridget E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 19(3), 2021, pp.220-229.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The purpose of this article is to describe two innovative, interdisciplinary workforce development programs that aim to meet the needs of individuals who misuse opioids and may contend with mental health conditions in historically underserved communities. The article begins by highlighting the need for interdisciplinary workforce development programs for social work and occupational therapy graduate students as well as for peer support workers and community providers. Next, a detailed description of two federally-funded training programs is provided. The article concludes with recommendations for workforce development programs. (Edited publisher abstract)
What are the risk and protective factors for drug misuse? What attitudes and beliefs do people hold about the development of drug misuse? Summary of findings from two systematic reviews
- Author:
- PUBLIC HEALTH WALES OBSERVATORY
- Publisher:
- Public Health Wales
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 14
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
This report provides a summary of the findings from two systematic reviews, which looked at risk and protective factors for drug misuse and the perceptions that people hold about why individuals do and do not use drugs. Both reviews show that risk factors are multiple, complex and likely to interact with one another rather than operate in isolation. The quantitative review identified several potential risk factors that prevention programmes could address. Although cohort studies alone cannot infer causation, there was consistent evidence from multiple studies for some risk factors: younger age at first cannabis use, substance using peers and childhood maltreatment were potential risk factors supported by good evidence; prior alcohol use, adolescent illicit drug use (other than cannabis), cigarette smoking, bullying perpetration, male gender, personality traits, parental drinking, parental illicit drug use, parental mental state and parental cigarette smoking as potential risk factors. Moderate quality evidence suggested that parental education and parental monitoring are not associated with drug misuse. The findings of the quantitative review suggest that any interventions aimed at discouraging the initial use of illegal drugs or stopping the likelihood of misuse of prescription medications should include multiple components across all levels of the socioecological model for health. Coping with depression or anxiety, circumstances such as bereavement or a dysfunctional childhood, or drug use being seen as “the norm” within an individual’s social network were often given as reasons for initiation of illicit drug use, with some wider community and policy level factors also at play. Lack of options for managing pain in primary care or coping with difficult circumstances were seen as reasons for the misuse of prescription and OTC medications. Wider institutional and policy level factors were also discussed by some participants. (Edited publisher abstract)
Drug courts and mental health courts: implications for social work
- Authors:
- TYUSE Sabrina W., LINHORST Donald M.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 30(3), August 2005, pp.233-240.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
In recent years communities across the United States have instituted specialized criminal courts for defendants with substance abuse disorders and mental illness. These specialized courts seek to prevent incarceration and facilitate community-based treatment for offenders, while at the same time protecting public safety. The authors describe two types of specialized courts: drug courts and mental health courts. They critically examine the strengths and weaknesses of these courts and conclude with implications for social work education, practice, research, and advocacy.
Multiple needs and multiple gaps
- Author:
- BOYD Deirdre
- Journal article citation:
- Addiction Today, 10(57), March 1999, pp.14-15.
- Publisher:
- Addiction Recovery Foundation
Reports on a workshop held by Camden and Islington Health Authority that looked at working with dual-diagnosis patients.
A brief report on Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics Demonstration Program
- Authors:
- HU Yuanyuan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 19(6), 2021, pp.534-541.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The behavioral service system is searching for solutions to the opioid overdose epidemic, which has led to increased fatalities and substantial costs. This paper is a brief report on Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHC), a federal demonstration program designed to enhance behavioral health organizations’ capacity to engage and care for people with substance use disorders through evidence-based practices and integrated health solutions. Designated CCBHC clinics provide a comprehensive range of mental health and substance use disorder services to vulnerable individuals and receive increased prospective funding from Medicaid. Preliminary evaluations have shown increases in accessibility, workforce, and capacity to provide substance use and mental health services. With social workers comprising the majority of mental health providers, this delivery system innovation expands opportunities for the profession to address the opioid epidemic. (Edited publisher abstract)
Positive psychology in dual diagnosis recovery: a mixed methods study with drug and alcohol workers
- Authors:
- GOMEZ Katalin Ujhelyi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Substance Use, 25(6), 2020, pp.663-671.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: In traditional dual diagnosis treatment, the primary aim is to attend the substance use problem and tackle the mental health issues with little attention to the positive aspects of clients’ lives. This deficit-based approach, however, may bring about an ignorance of clients’ potentials. The present study primarily aimed at investigating practitioners’ views of their clients; acquiring information on how to improve a previously designed positive psychology intervention for dual diagnosis, and finding ways of integrating positive psychology with current approaches. Methods: A positive psychology intervention developed for dual diagnosis individuals was delivered to two groups of psychosocial intervention workers (n = 17) at a drug and alcohol service. The study employed a mixed methods approach with a quantitative and a qualitative element (focus group). Results: Participants reported a number of personal and professional benefits gained from the intervention, but also discussed the structure of the intervention, practitioner qualities, and difficulties of incorporation into existing treatment as challenges that may arise in terms of feasibility with this client group. Conclusions: Through a strengths-based positive approach, a more balanced treatment would enable the recognition and appreciation of both the vulnerabilities and the emerging potential of clients. This would lead to better outcomes with clients achieved by a healthier workforce. (Edited publisher abstract)
The impact of employment on perceived recovery from opiate dependence
- Authors:
- LOWE Elizabeth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Drugs and Alcohol Today, 18(4), 2018, pp.206-216.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Less than 15 per cent of people starting opiate substitution treatment (OST) in England are employed, but few gain employment during treatment. Increasingly punitive approaches have been tried to encourage individuals with substance dependence into employment in the hope of facilitating recovery. It is not clear which factors are associated with the successful maintenance of employment whilst receiving OST, and whether this group can be said to be “in recovery”. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study of the OST population in one English region was conducted between January and April 2017. Measures of physical health, employment patterns, drug use, mental health, recovery capital, and dependence severity were administered to 55 employed and 55 unemployed clients. Findings: Those in employment had higher levels of “recovery capital”, better physical and mental health, fewer drug problems, and less severe dependence, despite reporting heroin use at a similar level. Three variables were significantly associated with employment: longest period of employment (OR=1.01, p=0.003); number of chronic medical conditions (OR=0.44, p=0.011); and number of days of psychological problems in the last month (OR=0.95, p=0.031). Practical implications: These results suggest that abstinence may not be required in order to maintain stable employment when OST is in place. Different treatment strategies are required for clients receiving OST already in employment compared with those who are unemployed. Originality/value: This is the first UK study to the author’s knowledge to focus on people receiving OST who are also in employment. (Publisher abstract)
Substance misuse in life and death in a 2-year cohort of suicides
- Authors:
- GALWAY Karen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 2016, pp.292-297.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Although substance misuse is a key risk factor in suicide, relatively little is known about the relationship between lifetime misuse and misuse at the time of suicide. Aims: To examine the relationship between substance misuse and subsequent suicide. Method: Linkage of coroners' reports to primary care records for 403 suicides occurring over 2 years. Results: With alcohol misuse, 67% of the cohort had previously sought help for alcohol problems and 39% were intoxicated at the time of suicide. Regarding misuse of other substances, 54% of the cohort was tested. Almost one in four (38%) tested positive, defined as an excess of drugs over the prescribed therapeutic dosage and/or detection of illicit substances. Those tested were more likely to be young and have a history of drug misuse. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of the relationship between substance misuse and suicide could contribute to prevention initiatives. Furthermore, standardised toxicology screening processes would avoid diminishing the importance of psychosocial factors involved in suicide as a ‘cause of death’. (Publisher abstract)
Specialist substance misuse treatment for young people in England 2013-14
- Author:
- PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND
- Publisher:
- Public Health England
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 8
- Place of publication:
- London
Contains statistics on specialist substance misuse treatment for young people in England during 2013 to 2014. The data show how the specialist substance misuse services in England continue to respond to the needs of young people who have alcohol and drug problems. These services intervene to help young people overcome their substance misuse problems and prevent them from becoming problematic users in adulthood. Figures from the report reveal that: 19,126 young people received help for alcohol or drug problems; 71 per cent had cannabis as their main problem drug; and 79 per cent of young people left services having successfully completed their treatment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Trauma, gender, and mental health symptoms in individuals with substance use disorders
- Authors:
- KEYSER-MARCUS Lori, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(1), 2014, pp.3-24.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The relationships between trauma history, lifetime endorsement of psychiatric symptoms, and gender were examined in a sample of individuals participating in outpatient substance abuse treatment. Study participants (N = 625) from six psychosocial counselling and five methadone maintenance programmes were recruited as part of a larger study conducted through the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (NIDA CTN) in the United States. Study measures included lifetime trauma experience (yes/no), type of trauma experienced (sexual, physical, both), lifetime depression/anxiety, and lifetime suicidal thoughts/attempts (as measured by the Addiction Severity Index–Lite [ASI-Lite]). Lifetime endorsement of psychiatric symptoms was compared between individuals with and without trauma history. The role of gender was also examined. Results indicated that the experience of trauma was associated with an increase in lifetime report of psychiatric symptoms. Experience of physical and combined physical and sexual trauma consistently predicted positive report of psychiatric symptoms in both males and females, even when controlling for demographic and treatment-related variables. Employment outcomes, however, were not predicted by self-reported history of lifetime trauma. (Edited publisher abstract)