Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Cannabis use and mental health in secondary school children: findings from a Dutch survey
- Authors:
- MONSHOUWER Karin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(2), February 2006, pp.148-153.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study aims to investigate the association between cannabis use and mental health in adolescence. Data from 5551 adolescents aged 12–16 years were drawn from the Dutch Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children school survey, carried out as part of the international 2001 World Health Organization project. After adjusting for confounding factors, cannabis use was linked to externalising problems (delinquent and aggressive behaviour) but not to internalising problems (withdrawn behaviour, somatic complaints and depression). An increasing frequency of use resulted in stronger links. No significant gender or age by cannabis interaction effects were found. The results are also discussed in relation to the liberal drug policy in The Netherlands.
Correlates of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive injection drug users: the role of social support
- Authors:
- MIZUNO Y., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 15(5), October 2003, pp.689-698.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Using cross-sectional data from an ethnically diverse sample of HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs), we sought to identify correlates of depressive symptoms. We were particularly interested in whether perceived social support was associated with depression among HIV-positive IDUs and whether social support buffered adverse effects of other correlates. Data were collected from a sample of HIV-positive IDUs recruited from a variety of venues in the New York City and San Francisco metropolitan areas in the USA. Multiple regression analysis identified four significant correlates of depressive symptoms. Perceived social support and having a regular place for HIV medical care were significantly associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while history of mental health problems and non-injection polydrug use were significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Moreover, a significant interaction effect was found between social support and non-injection polydrug use, indicating that social support buffers the association between non-injection polydrug use and depression. These results suggest that increasing social support might be a useful tool for HIV-positive IDUs in reducing depression and the adverse effect of non-injection polydrug use.
Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study
- Authors:
- ARSENEAULT Louise, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 23.11.02, 2002, pp.1212-1213.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
Although most young people use cannabis in adolescence without harm, a vulnerable minority experience harmful outcomes. A tenth of the cannabis users by age 15 in our sample (3/29) developed schizophreniform disorder by age 26 compared with 3% of the remaining cohort (22/730). Our findings suggest that cannabis use among psychologically vulnerable adolescents should be strongly discouraged by parents, teachers, and health practitioners. Policy makers and law makers should concentrate on delaying onset of cannabis use.
Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study
- Authors:
- PATON George C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 23.11.02, 2002, pp.1195-1198.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
The purpose of this article is to determine whether cannabis use in adolescence predisposes to higher rates of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in teenagers predicted an approximately twofold increase in risk for later depression and anxiety after adjustment for potential baseline confounders. In contrast, depression and anxiety in teenagers predicted neither later weekly nor daily cannabis use. Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later depression and anxiety, with daily users carrying the highest risk. Given recent increasing levels of cannabis use, measures to reduce frequent and heavy recreational use seem warranted.
Adapting a telephone support intervention to address depression in older adults with HIV
- Authors:
- BRENNAN-ING Mark, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 16(4), 2017, pp.335-350.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Rates of depression in older people with HIV range as high as 63%, compared to 15% in the general older adult U.S. population. The authors tested an adaptation of the RESPECT intervention for its feasibility in addressing depression among older adults with HIV (N = 25). RESPECT involves weekly phone calls made by care managers who engage and listen to the participants, and help to identify needed resources. Over the 6-month study period, depressive symptoms were significantly reduced. Qualitative analyses elucidated the participants’ complex behavioural health problems as well as the supportive nature of phone intervention. Implications for practice are explored. (Edited publisher abstract)
QuikFix: enhanced motivational interviewing interventions for youth substance use
- Authors:
- HIDES Leanne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 9(2/3), 2016, pp.53-65.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the background principles, theories and components of the QuikFix intervention for primary and comorbid substance use in young people. Design/methodology/approach: QuikFix is a brief motivational interviewing (MI) intervention utilising cognitive-behavioural coping skills training to reduce vulnerability to substance use and comorbid mental health problems in young people. It is delivered in two to three brief sessions including an assessment. A new version, QuikFix personality intervention (PI) which incorporates coping skills training targeting sensation seeking, impulsive, depressive and anxious personality styles that may underlie primary and comorbid substance use problems is presented. Findings: The original QuikFix intervention has demonstrated efficacy in young alcohol and cannabis users with comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms. The efficacy of the new personality targeted version of QuikFix is currently being tested in a large randomized controlled trial among young people with alcohol related injuries/illnesses. Future research is required to determine the efficacy of QuikFix PI in comorbid populations including those with behavioural disorders. Practical implications: QuikFix interventions can be delivered via telephone or face-to-face in clinical settings for clients with primary substance use and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms. (Edited publisher abstract)
The impact of intimate partner violence, substance use, and HIV on depressive symptoms among abused low-income urban women
- Authors:
- ILLANGASEKARE Samantha L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(14), 2013, pp.2831-2848.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Intimate partner violence (IPV), substance use, and HIV are often co-occuring health problems affecting low-income urban women, and have been described as connected epidemics making up a “syndemic.” Research suggests that each issue separately is associated with depressive symptoms, but no studies have examined the combined effect of IPV, substance use and HIV on women’s depression. Interviews were conducted with 96 women recruited from community health clinics serving low-income women in an urban U.S. city. All women were over 17, not pregnant, English-speaking, without private insurance and had experienced physical IPV in the past year. Women were primarily African American (82%) and 82% were receiving income assistance. Twenty seven percent were HIV-positive, and 27% had used heroin or cocaine in the past 6 months. Based on the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D ), 73% were depressed. Women who experienced severe IPV in the past 6 months were compared to women who experienced no IPV or psychological IPV only in the past 6 months; those who experienced severe IPV were 5.3 times more likely to be depressed, controlling for HIV status, drug use, age, and relationship status. Women who experienced severe IPV, were HIV-positive, and used drugs (7.3% of sample) were 7.98 times as likely to be depressed as women without these characteristics. These findings confirm that severe IPV is significantly associated with depression among urban abused women. Furthermore, this research suggests that the syndemic effect of IPV, substance use, and HIV could be even more detrimental to women’s mental health. Health practitioners and researchers should be aware of the combined impact of the IPV, substance use, and HIV syndemic and consider how they can address the mental health needs of urban women. (Publisher abstract)
Childhood maltreatment and DSM-IV adult mental disorders: comparison of prospective and retrospective findings
- Author:
- SCOTT Kate M.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(6), June 2012, pp.469-475.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
A recent review concluded that studies using retrospective assessment of childhood maltreatment provided substantially stronger evidence for an association between childhood maltreatment and subsequent adult mental ill health than studies that prospectively assessed maltreatment; thus casting doubt on the mental health risk conferred by maltreatment and on the validity of retrospective reports. A nationally representative sample of respondents aged 16–27 years (n = 1413) in New Zealand completed a retrospective assessment of maltreatment and DSM-IV mental disorders. Survey data were linked with a national child protection database to identify respondents with maltreatment records (prospective ascertainment). Childhood maltreatment was associated with elevated odds of mood, anxiety and drug disorders (odds ratios 2.1–4.1), however there was no difference in association strength between prospective and retrospective methodology. Prospectively ascertained maltreatment predicted depression with a course involving early onset, more frequent episodes and greater impairment.
Prevalence and timing of diagnosable mental health, alcohol, and substance use problems among older adolescents in the child welfare system
- Authors:
- KELLER Thomas E., SALAZAR Amy M., COURTNEY Mark E.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 32(4), April 2010, pp.626-634.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This paper examines the frequency of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, and alcohol and drug misuse diagnoses assessed within a structured clinical interview protocol in a population-based, multi-state, age cohort of older adolescents about to transition from the child welfare systems. PTSD, being the most common diagnosis, was observed at rates above those seen in the general population, with rates of specific diagnoses varying according to gender, race, type of child welfare placement, and state of residence. In general, young African American people and those in kinship family foster care were less likely to have mental health and substance use problems. Analysis of the timing of onset relative to entry into care showed that young Caucasians’ were more likely to have diagnoses before entry into state custody, and race differentials were less pronounced for diagnosis after placement in foster care. The authors conclude that the observed state-to-state differences are suggestive that age of entry into care, and the likelihood of pre-existing mental health and substance use, could be attributable to child welfare policies regarding screening and placement.
Mental health in HIV seronegative and seropositive IDUs in South Florida
- Authors:
- JONES Deborah L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 22(2), February 2010, pp.152-158.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Roughly one-third of HIV-infected people in the United States have a history of injection-drug use; drug injection being a primary cause for HIV transmission. Drug and alcohol misuse are also significant contributors to sexual transmission of the virus. In South Florida, urban injection-drug users (IDUs) represent a substantial population at risk for infection, and substance use management in this group is critical. As part of a larger study of at-risk populations in South Florida, the authors examined mental health differences among 117 IDUs, 130HIV seropositive IDUs, and 169 HIV seronegative non-IDUs. Exploring factors associated with depression and anxiety between groups, it was found that HIV seronegative and seropositive IDUs not receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to have poorer overall mental health than both HIV seropositive participants on ARVs and non-IDU participants. Data support systems enhancement to meet the various psychosocial and health care needs among IDUs and highlight the need for resource allocation to target community-based integrated mental health services in urban populations. In addition, the data highlights the need for primary and secondary HIV prevention interventions to tackle the drug-use risk behaviours among IDUs to reduce the chance of HIV infection and transmission in this group.