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Factors associated with experienced discrimination among people using mental health services in England
- Authors:
- HAMILTON S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 25(4), 2016, pp.350-358.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: Research has found considerable variation in how far individuals with a diagnosis of mental illness experience discrimination. Aims: This study tested four hypotheses: (i) a diagnosis of schizophrenia will be associated with more discrimination than depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder; (ii) people with a history of involuntary treatment will report more discrimination than people without; (iii) higher levels of avoidance behaviour due to anticipated discrimination will be associated with higher levels of discrimination and (iv) longer time in contact with services will be associated with higher levels of discrimination. Method: Three thousand five hundred and seventy-nine people using mental health services in England took part in structured telephone interviews about discrimination experiences. Results: A multiple regression model found that study year, age, employment status, length of time in mental health services, disagreeing with the diagnosis, anticipating discrimination in personal relationships and feeling the need to conceal a diagnosis from others were significantly associated with higher levels of experienced discrimination. Conclusion: Findings suggest that discrimination is not related to specific diagnoses but rather is associated with mental health problems generally. An association between unemployment and discrimination may indicate that employment protects against experiences of discrimination, supporting efforts to improve access to employment among people with a diagnosis of mental illness. (Publisher abstract)
Hard labour
- Author:
- SHRUBB Richard
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Today, February 2009, pp.14-15.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
Obtaining and keeping a job can be challenging for people diagnosed with a mental illness, despite legislation outlawing discrimination against them. This article highlights strategies from a Trade Union Council guide to help ensure that people with psychiatric issues get fair treatment in the workplace. It also looks at the work of the initiative 'Open Up Toolkit', a project to help service users tackle discrimination against mental illness.
Enterprise, employment and empowerment: the social firm sector's mission
- Author:
- REYNOLDS Sue
- Journal article citation:
- A Life in the Day, 12(4), November 2008, pp.27-31.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The author, Chief Executive of Social Firms UK, outlines the latest developments in the social firm sector's mission to provide real jobs for people with severe disadvantages, such as those with mental health problems. The article highlights the work of a number of social firms.
Keep quiet about it
- Author:
- CARTER Michael
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 8.12.05, 2005, pp.38-39.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
This article looks at the personal experience of the stigma of mental health in a sample of people with mental health problems. Seventy-five people took part in the study which was carried out by North West Wales NHS Trust. Results show that stigma and the fear of negative reactions form others because of mental health problems are prevalent. A lower proportion of discrimination was reported compared to the experience of stigma. Future research will need to examine strategies found to be helpful in coping with stigma.
Why talk of illness entrenches discrimination
- Author:
- SAYCE Liz
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 18(2), 2014, pp.68-76.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Biological understandings of mental illness are promoted by both anti-stigma campaigners and increasingly by activists protesting against social security cuts. This paper analyses the pitfalls of the 'illness' conceptualisation for reducing discrimination, comments on divisions between those arguing for a right to work and those who seek a right not to work, and proposes bridge building and more effective messages, drawing on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It reviews relevant evidence on the effectiveness or lack of it of the 'mental illness is an illness like any other' message in anti-stigma work, and discussion of grey literature from campaigners and bloggers. There is a growing body of evidence that the 'illness like any other' message entrenches rather than reduces stigma and discrimination: this message should not be used in anti-discrimination work. At the same time some social security bloggers and campaigners have argued they are 'sick' in order to resist efforts to compel them to seek work or face sanctions; whilst older disability rights campaigners have argued for the right to work. The paper argues for new bridge building and use of evidence based messages in campaigning. (Edited publisher abstract)
Experiences of discrimination among people using mental health services in England 2008-2011
- Authors:
- CORKER E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(s55), April 2013, pp.s58-s63.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
To determine whether the Time to Change (TTC) programme target of 5% reduction in discrimination against people using mental health services had been achieved, separate samples of people using mental health services were interviewed annually from 2008 to 2011 using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale. Ninety-one per cent of participants reported one or more experiences of discrimination in 2008 compared with 88% in 2011. The median negative discrimination score was 40% in 2008 and 28% in 2011. The proportion of participants experiencing no discrimination increased significantly over the course of TTC but by less than the initial target. The overall median discrimination score fell by 11.5%. Data from 2010 and 2011 suggest that these gains may be hard to maintain during economic austerity. (Edited publisher abstract)
Read all about it
- Author:
- O'HARA Mary
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Today, July 2011, pp.12-14.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
Many studies have shown that the stigma experienced by people with mental health problems can be made worse by negative reporting in the media. A recent study has compared the reporting of mental health topics in headlines and articles published in major newspapers in the United Kingdom and the United States between the years 1985 and 2009. Findings indicate that there is still much negative coverage of mental health, particularly in the tabloid press.
Employer and employment agency attitudes towards employing individuals with mental health needs
- Authors:
- BIGGS David, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 19(6), December 2010, pp.509-516.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
The positive benefits of paid employment for individuals with mental health needs are well known yet many still remain unemployed. The attitudes of employers and employment agencies that may provide short-term contracts to individuals with mental health needs are important to understand if these individuals are to be given access to paid employment. This study used a mixed methods approach comprising interviews and a follow-up survey. Interviews were conducted with 10 directors responsible for the local recruitment agency in Gloucestershire and 10 employing managers in large businesses. The results of these interviews then informed a follow-up survey of 200 businesses in Gloucestershire. The findings demonstrated that employment agencies would consider putting forward individuals with previous mental health needs to employers. However, employers had a high level of concern around employing these individuals. Employers reported issues of trust, needing supervision, inability to use initiative and inability to deal with the public for individuals with either existing or previous mental health needs. The article concludes that there is a need for employers to have more accurate information regarding hiring individuals with mental health needs.
Out for the count?
- Authors:
- DUNNING Jenny, VERNON Patrick, SHRUBB Steve
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 25.2.10, 2010, pp.26-27.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
The findings from the latest Care Quality Commission's 'Count Me In' survey shows that efforts to reduce the number of people from ethnic minorities in the mental health system are failing. The first author reviews the findings, while the second two authors debate the way forward.
That would be telling
- Author:
- KENNY Craig
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 23.7.09, 2009, pp.14-15.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Disability legislation can fail to provide adequate protection to employees who disclose a past mental health problems. Disclosure and non-disclosure of mental health problems to prospective employers are discussed. Two short case studies are included.