Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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The prevalence, incidence, and factors predictive of mental ill-health in adults with profound intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- COOPER Sally-Ann, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(6), November 2007, pp.493-501.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In this population-based prospective cohort study, adults with profound intellectual disabilities underwent psychiatric assessment (n = 184), with further assessment after 2 years (n = 131). Point prevalence of mental ill-health was 52.2% by clinical, 45.1% by Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for use with Adults with Learning Disabilities (DC-LD), 10.9% by the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Diagnostic Criteria for Research (1993) (DCR-ICD-10) and 11.4% by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (2004) (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. The highest 2-year incidence rates were for affective disorders (6.1%) and problem behaviours (6.1%). Type of accommodation/support, and the number of preceding life events were predictive of incidents of mental ill-health, but age, gender, living in areas of greatest deprivation, and having special communication needs were not. It is concluded that mental ill-health is more commonly experienced by adults with profound intellectual disabilities than the general population, or other adults with intellectual disabilities, warranting proactive supports/interventions. Predictive factors differ, compared with the general population.
The Scottish 700 Outcomes Study: Comparative Evaluation of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS), the Avon Mental Health Measure (AVON), and an Idiographic Scale (OPUS) in adult mental health
- Authors:
- HUNTER Robert, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 13(1), February 2004, pp.93-105.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Although many outcome measures are available, there is little empirical evidence to help clinicians to decide which to adopt in clinical, as opposed to research settings. The aim was to assess the content validity and levels of agreement between professionals and service users of three approaches to outcome measurement—a standard measure devised by mental health professionals (Health of the Nation Outcome Scale, HoNOS), a standard measure devised by service users and health professionals in partnership (the Avon Mental Health Measure, AVON), and an idiographic scale the Outcome of Problems of Users of Services (OPUS). The three measures were completed by nearly 700 predominantly long-term users of mental health services, and by their key worker clinicians. All major psychiatric diagnoses were represented in the cohort. A small sub-sample had repeat testing after 3 months to assess sensitivity to change of the three measures. Agreement between the three measures was low. Avon was more likely to detect problems, and to produce agreement between service users and key-workers, than HoNOS. Both omit key problem areas elicited using OPUS. All measures were sensitive to change. The Avon detects problems that service users judge to be important.
Depression and dementia: coexistence and differentiation
- Author:
- WARRINGTON Jill
- Publisher:
- University of Stirling. Dementia Services Development Centre
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 37p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Stirling
This report reviews the complex relationship between these two conditions and gives guidance on the recognition and management of depression in older people. Contents include: defining depression and dementia; how common are depression and dementia in the elderly?; what causes depression; how do depression and dementia relate to each other?; depressive dementia (pseudodementia); depression as a secondary condition to dementia.
Sex offenders in high-security care in Scotland
- Authors:
- BAKER Melanie, WHITE Tom
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 13(2), September 2002, pp.285-295.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
This article examines the characteristics of 53 sex offenders detained in maximum security at the State Hospital, Carstairs, in Scotland. Patients were categorized by diagnosis and four main groups were found: mental handicap, mental illness, mental illness with co-morbid personality disorder and personality disorder alone. As a whole, the patients had experienced multiple areas of deprivation and many had been subject to sexual abuse themselves. Our findings are consonant with other work in this area in noting the importance of deviant fantasy and positive psychotic symptoms. Detailed assessment of mentally disordered sex offenders is recommended, with consequent treatment including pharmacotherapy and a modified cognitive behavioural approach.