Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 14
Religious issues in diagnosis: the V-Code and beyond
- Authors:
- SCOTT Stacey, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 6(2), July 2003, pp.161-173.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper addresses the issues around considering clients’ religious and spiritual functioning as a matter of client diversity. Such issues may be under appreciated by many clinicians. The introduction of a religious and spiritual problem V-Code (V62.89) into the DSM-IV provided a significant accommodation of client religious and spiritual functioning in contemporary psychodiagnostics. The V-Code allows for explicit identification of a nonpathological religious or spiritual focus in treatment. The nature of and history of the V-Code’s inclusion in DSM-IV is briefly reviewed. The strengths and limitations of the V-Code for raising clinician awareness of the religious and spiritual domain of client functioning is discussed and illustrated by a number of case examples. The V-Code approach is contrasted with Hathaway’s clinically significant religious impairment concept. Both are viewed as making complementary contributions to a religiously and spiritually sensitive clinical practice.
Conversion pseudodementia in older people: a descriptive case series
- Author:
- HEPPLE J.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(10), October 2004, pp.961-967.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper reports a case series of ten patients collected over a 12-year period of clinical work in old age psychiatry in the UK by the author. The core features of the syndrome are: apparent cognitive impairment, regression and increasing physical dependency beginning in late middle or early old age, without evidence for an organic dementia from investigations or from taking into account the course of the illness. The syndrome is more common in women from a higher socio-economic background with past psychiatric histories dominated by depressive symptoms. The syndrome usually progresses to the point where long term institutional care is needed although the mean survival from onset is 13 years. The author suggests that conversion pseudodementia in older people is caused by a catastrophic reaction to cumulative loss in later life in individuals who have predisposing borderline and narcissistic personality traits. Treatment using psychotherapeutic approaches may limit the progression of the syndrome if it is recognised at an early stage
Influence of social workers' characteristics on the perception of mental disorder in youths
- Authors:
- POTTICK Kathleen J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Service Review, 77(3), September 2003, pp.431-454.
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
Modern versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual are meant to reduce biases in judgment. This vignette-based study of 250 student respondents in master of social work programs assesses the influence of their social characteristics on judgments of mental disorder among youths. Most respondents appropriately use contextual information to judge mental disorder. Minorities and women are less likely than nonminorities and men to judge that disorder is present, suggesting that they may be more sensitive than others to the consequences of labeling youths as having mental disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual training removes differences between racial and ethnic groups.
An expanded version of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale: anchors and interview probes for the assessment of adults with Serious mental illness
- Authors:
- DICKERSON Faith B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 39(2), April 2003, pp.131-137.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Objective clinical assessments are important in psychiatric settings to assess patients' functioning and the outcome of rehabilitation interventions. We developed anchors of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS) and tested the inter-rater reliability of the expanded instrument. Twenty patients receiving psychiatric rehabilitation services participated in a structured interview and were rated by two raters. Intraclass correlation coefficients were .96 for the total and .87-.99 for the subscale scores. The expanded MCAS can serve as a reliable assessment tool.
Delirium among patients with and without dementia: does the diagnosis according to the DSM-IV differ from the previous classifications?
- Authors:
- LAURILA Jouko V., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(3), March 2004, pp.271-277.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Different diagnostic criteria differ in their capacity to identify subjects as delirious. It is not known how DSM-IV classification, compared with the DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and ICD-10, identifies delirium among individuals with and without dementia and whether the symptom profiles differ between these two subgroups. A cross-sectional study was performed on patients (age 70 years) in seven acute geriatric wards (n = 230) and in seven nursing-homes (n = 195) in Helsinki, Finland. Delirium was diagnosed according to the operationalized criteria according to the DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and clinical criteria of ICD-10. Dementia was defined according to consensus judgment among three geriatricians with concise information including: prior dementia diagnoses, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, operationalized criteria according to the DSM-IV, nurses and/or caregivers interviews, and the results of the brain CT/MRI and prior Mini-Mental State Examination scores, when available. According to the DSM-III, DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria of delirium 22.7, 23.5, 25.9 and 14.9% of the demented, and 12.9, 13.5, 23.5 and 2.9% of the non-demented, respectively, were diagnosed as delirious. In stepwise logistic regression analysis clouding of consciousness, perceptual disturbances, and disorganized thinking were the most significant contributors to delirium diagnosis according to the DSM-IV among individuals with dementia, whereas perceptual disturbances, motor disturbances, and disorientation were the most significant contributors among those without dementia. DSM-IV criteria of delirium identify new, often non-demented, subjects as being delirious, while ICD-10 is overly restrictive. The symptom profile of delirium was slightly different among individuals with and without dementia.
Developing sensitivity to distortion: utility of psychological tests in differentiating malingering and psychopathology in criminal defendants
- Author:
- HEINZE Michaela C.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology (The), 14(1), April 2003, pp.151-177.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In a retrospective study, the accuracy of various psychological tests in distinguishing between those who were diagnosed as malingerers and those who were diagnosed as mentally ill was examined. Speci cally, information about the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), M Test, the Atypical Presentation Scale (AP) and the Rey 15-Item Memory Test (RMT) was examined in 66 men who had been hospitalized as incompetent to stand trial. Overall, results support the use of psychological testing in the detection of malingering of psychotic symptoms. Practical guidance on how to utilize psychological tests within the overall evaluation is provided.
Clinically significant religious impairment
- Author:
- HATHAWAY William L.
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 6(2), July 2003, pp.113-129.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Recent psychodiagnostic practice, as embodied in the DSM IV, requires that psychopathological features result in a ‘‘clinically significant impairment’’ to qualify as a ‘‘mental disorder’’ in many cases. The impairment must be in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The current proposal is that clinicians should consider the potential impairment in religious functioning arising from mental disorders in diagnostic process. It is suggested that psychopathology may result in a clinically significant religious impairment that is defined as a reduced ability to perform religious activities, achieve religious goals, or to experience religious states, due to a psychological disorder. Various existing approaches to studying the relationship between religious functioning and psychopathology are briefly reviewed and oughly categorized as either focused on ‘symptomatic religiosity’ or reflecting a ‘religiously sympathetic’ posture. Yet, in both of these approaches, religion has predominantly been construed as an exogenous variable contributing to mental health in some fashion (for good, for ill, or for both). The current proposal suggests that clinicians should also consider religion in endogenous perspective. So construed, religion is a significant domain of adaptive functioning, which may be adversely impacted by psychopathology. A discussion of various clinical, research and ethical issues involved in realizing the proposal is provided.
Utility of the brief symptom inventory in the assessment of psychological distress
- Authors:
- KELLETT Stephen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16(2), June 2003, pp.127-134.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
People with intellectual disabilities are now acknowledged to be susceptible to the full range of mental health disorders. This acknowledgement has resulted in the need to develop and evaluate instruments for the assessment and detection of mental health problems. This research evaluates the use of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) with 200 people with mild intellectual disabilities representing community, clinical and forensic populations.
Mental health, intellectual disabilities and the aging process
- Editor:
- DAVIDSON Philip W.
- Publisher:
- Blackwell
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 248p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
For many years it has been recognized that some adults with intellectual disabilities are at elevated risk for mental and behavioural health problems. Often the aging process can complicate the identification, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this type of dual diagnosis and present complex challenges to clinicians and carers. This book is designed as a practical resource for those involved with the support, care and treatment of persons with intellectual disabilities, and should prove particularly useful as this community achieves increased longevity. The book is divided into three parts: Prevalence and characteristics; Diagnosis and treatment; and Service system issues.
Working with personality disorders
- Authors:
- HANNELL Stuart, KINSELLA Connor
- Publisher:
- ROCC
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 26p.
- Place of publication:
- Southampton
This handbook explains different aspects of personality disorder and gives practical solutions for working with clients with personality disorder. Contents include: definitions; management; staff supervisoon and support.