Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression
- Authors:
- BLEICH Avi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, May 1997, pp.479-482.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Examines psychiatric morbidity following war-related psychic trauma, with a special focus on the depressive comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Subjects consisted of Israeli veterans who sought psychiatric treatment 4-6 years after having been exposed to war trauma. Concludes that within post-traumatic psychiatric morbidity of combat origin, PTSD and MDD are the most prevalent disorders. In addition it appears that PTSD, although related to post-traumatic MDD beyond a mere sharing of common symptoms, is at the same time differentiated from it as an independent diagnostic category.
The longitudinal effects of maltreatment class membership on post-traumatic stress and depression
- Authors:
- KATZ Colleen C., LALAYANTS Marina, LUSHIN Victor
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 118, 2021, p.105103.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: While the link between maltreatment and mental illness has been largely established, there is a need to better understand how certain types or profiles of maltreatment place youth at heightened risk for depression and traumatic stress, and when the risk of developing symptoms may be greatest. Objective: We examined the extent to which youth experiences of maltreatment co-occur and how certain combinations of maltreatment work to influence the subsequent development of depression and post-traumatic stress over time. Participants & setting: Data were drawn from NSCAW-II, a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 5872 child welfare involved youth, aged 0–18. Methods: Latent Class Analysis was used to investigate profiles of child maltreatment. We then used a longitudinal three-wave panel design to examine whether membership in various maltreatment classes predicted development of depression and post-traumatic stress measured at two future time points. Results: Three classes emerged: Class 1 (68 %) the “Neglect and Adverse Parental Behaviors Class”, Class 2 (20 %) the “Physical Abuse Class”, and Class 3 (12 %) the “Sexual Abuse Class”. Membership in Class 2 increased depression and trauma symptoms at Wave 2, compared to Class 1 (b = 1.8 and 1.4, respectively; p < 0.05). Membership in Class 3 increased trauma symptoms at Wave 3, compared to Class 1 and Class 2 (b = 2.3 and 2.7, respectively; p < 0.01). Implications: Child welfare involved youth need to be appropriately screened for psychiatric health annually and provided with services that correspond with their level of need. (Edited publisher abstract)
Coming home may hurt: risk factors for mental ill health in US reservists after deployment in Iraq
- Authors:
- RIVIERE Lyndon A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 198(2), February 2011, pp.136-142.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
A study was undertaken to examine whether 4 factors (financial hardship, job loss, employer support and the effect of deployment absence on co-workers) were associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in US National Guard soldiers (reservists). Data for the study was obtained from surveys of 4,034 soldiers from 2 National Guard brigades at approximately 3 months and 12 months after their deployments to Iraq. The results showed that the 4 factors were associated with depression and PTSD, with variability based on outcome and time point. The researchers concluded that the results of the study provide substantial evidence that National Guard soldiers have unique concerns affecting their well-being compared with regular soldiers, and that although combat exposure contributes to the development of mental health problems, other experiences are also important.
Understanding pathways within intimate partner violence: economic abuse, economic hardship, and mental health
- Authors:
- VOTH SCHRAG Rachel J., ROBINSON Sarah R., RAVI Kristen E.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 28(2), 2019, pp.222-242.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the mental health and economic well-being of survivors can be devastating. Economic abuse, a form of emotional abuse in which an intimate partner uses tactics of economic control, is an emerging area of research and practice. However, few studies have explored the impact of economic forms of abuse on the mental health of survivors or the role of economic hardship in this relationship. The current study explored the pathways between economic abuse, economic hardship, and mental health symptomology. Four hundred thirty-five female community college students were randomly selected to participate in a web-based survey containing validated measures of exposure to intimate partner violence, including physical, sexual, and economic abuse, as well as economic hardship, PTSD, and depression. Analysis included bivariate correlations, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediation analysis. Economic abuse was significantly associated with both depression and PTSD symptomology, when controlling for key covariates. Mediational analysis demonstrated that experiences of economic hardship partially mediated the relationship between economic abuse and mental health. These results highlight the impact of economic abuse on the mental health of survivors and well as the importance of services including economic advocacy, education, and direct resources for survivors. (Publisher abstract)
Child maltreatment and mental health problems in adulthood: birth cohort study
- Authors:
- KISELY Steve, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 2018, pp.698-703.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Retrospective studies have shown a high association between child abuse and subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Prospective studies are rarer. Aims: To examine, using a prospective record-linkage analysis, whether substantiated child maltreatment is associated with adverse psychological outcomes in early adulthood. Method: The participants were 3778 mother and child pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. Exposure to suspected child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. The primary outcomes were the internalising and externalising scales of the Youth Self-Report and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scales (CES-D) at approximately 21 years of age. A subset completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version (CIDI-Auto). Results: In total, 171 (4.5%) participants had a history of substantiated child maltreatment, most commonly emotional abuse (n = 91), followed by physical abuse (n = 78), neglect (n = 73) and sexual abuse (n = 54). After adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms on the CES-D, as well as internalising and externalising behaviours were strongly associated with substantiated abuse in all forms, except sexual abuse. The results for the subset of the sample who completed the CIDI-Auto were less clear. Anxiety, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, showed the strongest association whereas the findings for depressive disorder were equivocal. However, across all diagnostic categories, emotional abuse and neglect, as well as multiple forms of abuse, showed a consistent association. Conclusions: Child maltreatment, particularly neglect and emotional abuse, has serious adverse effects on early adult mental health. These two warrant the attention given to other forms of child maltreatment. Children experiencing more than one type of maltreatment are at particular risk. (Edited publisher abstract)
Abnormal emotional processing in maltreated children diagnosed of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Author:
- BERTO Clara
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 73, 2017, pp.45-50.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Maltreated children usually show a specific pattern of emotional and behavioural symptoms that exceed those relating to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms have been defined as Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The underlying attentional mechanisms of abnormal emotional processing and their relation to the clinical presentation of CPTSD are not well understood. A visual dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive (i.e., 500 ms) and attentive (i.e., 1500 ms) presentation rates of neutral versus emotional (i.e., angry, happy or sad) facial expressions was applied. Twenty-one maltreated CPTSD children were compared with twenty-six controls. The results are as follows: an attention bias away from threatening faces and an attentional bias towards sad faces were observed in maltreated CPTSD children during pre-attentive and attentive processing. Whereas the attentional bias away from angry faces was associated with social problems, the attentional bias towards sad faces was associated with depressive and withdrawn symptoms. Therefore, CPTSD children develop maladaptive negative cognitive styles, which may underlie not only social problems (by a cognitive avoidance of threatening stimuli) but also depressive symptoms (by a cognitive approach to sad stimuli). Attention processing abnormalities should be considered as therapeutic targets for new treatment approaches in this population. (Publisher abstract)
The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countries
- Authors:
- REAVELL James, FAZIL Qulsom
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 26(1), 2017, pp.74-83.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: With an increasing number of refugees migrating across continents, the crisis is very apparent. Aim: A literature review of patterns, risk factors and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in refugee minors was carried out involving those who have resettled in different developed countries. Methods: Papers were narrowed down by reading the abstracts and methods to ascertain whether the refugee children had resettled in developed countries and to ensure that they had not just been internally displaced. Results: High incidences of PTSD and depression were found in refugee minors and poorer mental health was correlated with increased exposure to violence. Factors such as social support and family security were important in reducing the rates of PTSD and depression, whereas the implications of age and gender were unclear. Long-term effects from these mental illnesses indicated scholastic issues, but no further worsening of symptoms. Conclusions: Further research is needed regarding the follow-up of refugee minors with PTSD and depression to allow the establishment of more effective support systems, as long-term outcomes become more clearly understood. Few papers discuss the influence of religion, which may be an interesting line of future research as refugees move to more secular societies. (Publisher abstract)
Post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among inpatient adolescents: the underlying role of emotion regulation
- Authors:
- ESPIL Flint M., VIANA Andres G., DIXON Laura J.
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 33(1), 2016, pp.51-68.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The present study examined emotion regulation as a potential mechanism in the relationship between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression among 50 inpatient adolescents receiving psychiatric care at an inpatient mental hospital. PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses and bias-corrected bootstrapping techniques supported emotion dysregulation as a mechanism underlying the association between PTSD and depression symptoms. These findings support the notion that adolescents with clinical levels of PTSD symptoms may engage in ineffective emotion regulation strategies, such as emotional avoidance and suppression, which may, in turn, be associated with increased depression. Findings and implications are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Sense of community: is it a protective factor for military veterans?
- Authors:
- THOMAS Veliska J., BOWIE Stan L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Service Research, 42(3), 2016, pp.313-331.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Veteran community reintegration (VCR) difficulties impact personal, interpersonal, educational/occupational, and community aspects of returning military service members. Sense of community (SOC), an individual's feeling of membership, influence, need fulfillment, and emotional connection, is the theoretical underpinnings for community-based practice interventions used with this population. This study investigates the mediating role of SOC on the relationship between mental health risk factors (PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation), employment status, and VCR difficulties among military veterans. Data used in this study (N = 131) were collected by the authors for an outcome evaluation study in 2013. Results found a statistically significant path from depression to SOC and a significant and direct path from SOC to VCR difficulties, suggesting that veterans who are connected to their local communities may be more at risk for depression and VCR difficulties. Practice implications suggest social workers should look beyond the local community as a resilience factor for military veterans and explore more culturally relevant responses (such as veteran support at public universities, individual social support, and local/virtual military support groups). Future research should continue the search for resilient factors among this millennial generation of returning military veterans. (Publisher abstract)
Predicting suicidal ideations in sexually abused female adolescents: a 12-month prospective study
- Authors:
- BRABANT Maria-Eve, HEBERT Martine, CHAGNON Francois
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(4), 2014, pp.387-397.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study investigates the contribution of posttraumatic stress symptoms to the prediction of suicidality among female adolescent survivors of sexual abuse. A one-year prospective study of 52 female survivors aged 12 to 18 years was conducted. A negative binomial regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms associated with the sexual trauma were significant predictors of suicidal ideations a year later. Posttraumatic stress symptoms remained a significant predictor of suicidal ideations even when controlling for depressive symptomatology and the presence of a past suicide attempt, thus emphasizing the relevance of posttraumatic stress symptoms in regard to suicidality in sexually abused youths. Results are discussed within the context of therapeutic modalities for survivors of a sexual trauma. (Publisher abstract)