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Change in reciprocity as a predictor of depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study of Finnish women and men
- Authors:
- VAANANEN Ari, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 67(11), December 2008, pp.1907-1916.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The purpose of the study was to examine gender differences in the association between changes in the balance of give and take in close relationships and depressive symptoms. Data from a 5-year prospective cohort study in Finland (HeSSup Study) (N = 18,445) were analyzed. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, recent negative life events, baseline depressive symptoms, hostility, and the supportiveness of social network, a shift of balance toward support receiving was a significant risk factor for future depressive symptoms among women. In contrast, men whose balance of give and take had moved toward support giving had a higher risk of future depressive symptoms than other men. When the analyses were replicated in a sub-cohort of initially non-depressed participants who lived in reciprocal relationships and had no recent life events, the results became even more pronounced among women, although not among men. It is concluded that, for women, a shift in their close relationships toward support receiving may lead to increased risk of depressive symptoms, whereas for men a shift toward giving may have a parallel though less evident impact.
The impact of childhood sexual abuse in anorexia nervosa
- Authors:
- CARTER Jacqueline C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(3), March 2006, pp.257-269.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on clinical characteristics and premature termination of treatment in anorexia nervosa (AN). The participants were 77 consecutive patients with AN admitted to an inpatient eating disorders unit. The patients were assessed in terms of eating disorder symptoms, general psychopathology, and CSA history at admission to hospital. Thirty-seven patients (48%) reported a history of CSA before the onset of the eating disorder. Individuals with a history of CSA reported significantly greater psychiatric comorbidity, including higher levels of depression and anxiety, lower self-esteem, more interpersonal problems, and more severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Patients with the binge-purge subtype of AN (AN-BP) were significantly more likely to report a history of CSA prior to the onset of the eating disorder as compared with patients with the restricting subtype (AN-R) of the illness (65% of the AN-BP patients vs. 37% of the AN-R patients; p < .02). Contrary to our predictions, abused patients were not significantly more likely to dropout of treatment overall. However, patients of the binge-purge subtype (AN-BP) with a history of CSA were significantly more likely to terminate treatment prematurely as compared with the other patients. Consistent with previous findings, the present results indicate that the prevalence of CSA is high among individuals seeking inpatient treatment for AN. A history of CSA was associated with greater psychiatric disturbance overall and a higher rate of dropout for patients of the binge-purge subtype.
In search of a marital distress model of depression in older marriages
- Authors:
- HARPER J.M., SANDBERG J.G.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 4(3), August 2000, pp.210-222.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In an effort to investigate and describe the interpersonal nature of depression, data on levels of depression, stress, health and marital distress in 535 married couples was analysed. Specifically, the results showed that marital distress was significantly associated with levels of depression for both partners and that wives' distress was also significantly related to husbands' depression. Results also showed, with a few exceptions, that levels of stress and/or health in either partner were directly and indirectly associated with depression for husbands and wives. Implications for clinical practice with and future research on later life couples experiencing depression are discussed.
Peer attachment and youth internalizing problems: a meta-analysis
- Author:
- GORRESE Anna
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Care Forum, 45(2), 2016, pp.177-204.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Objective: This article used a meta-analytic approach to review evidence of the links of youth close peer relationships with internalising problems within the theoretical framework of attachment. Methods: Journal articles were searched in PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ERIC, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases; in journals most likely to publish papers on peer attachment; and in reference lists of selected papers. Thirty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results: The findings showed significant moderate correlations between peer attachment and anxiety, depression, and internalising problems. Additional analyses indicated that the dimensions of attachment more strongly related to depression were alienation and trust, whereas peer communication was weakly related to depression. Findings were characterised by significant heterogeneity across studies that was partially explained by the results of moderator analyses. Conclusions: This study suggests that secure peer attachment might make young people less vulnerable to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Insecure peer attachment, on the other hand, is associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing internalising symptomatology. Additionally, this study shows the moderating effect of gender suggesting that peer attachment is more strongly related to depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. (Edited publisher abstract)
HIV risk among pregnant teenagers with a history of interpersonal violence
- Authors:
- KUO Caroline C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 23(7), 2014, pp.740-750.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examined the relationship among interpersonal violence, depressive symptoms, and HIV risk behaviours among pregnant teenagers. A sample of 116 pregnant teenagers was recruited in Rhode Island. Multivariate logistic regressions tested whether or not the relationship between history of interpersonal violence and HIV risk remained after controlling for age and education. Participants reported a young age of sexual debut and low rates of condom use. Multivariate logistic regressions indicate a significant relationship between interpersonal violence and HIV risk but not in degree of depression symptoms and HIV risk. Pregnant teenagers with a history of interpersonal violence could benefit from interventions that address HIV risk.
Effects of the child–perpetrator relationship on mental health outcomes of child abuse: it's (not) all relative
- Authors:
- KISER Laurel J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(6), 2014, pp.1083-1093.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The present study was conducted to better understand the influence of the child–perpetrator relationship on responses to child sexual and physical trauma for a relatively large, ethnically diverse sample of children and youth presenting for clinical evaluation and treatment at child mental health centres across the United States. This referred sample includes 2,133 youth with sexual or physical trauma as their primary treatment focus. Analyses were conducted to ascertain whether outcomes were dependent on the perpetrator's status as a caregiver vs. non-caregiver. Outcome measures included psychiatric symptom and behaviour problem rating scales. For sexual trauma, victimization by a non-caregiver was associated with higher posttraumatic stress, internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, depression, and dissociation compared to youth victimized by a caregiver. For physical trauma, victimization by a non-caregiver was also associated with higher posttraumatic symptoms and internalizing behaviour problems. The total number of trauma types experienced and age of physical or sexual trauma onset also predicted several outcomes for both groups, although in disparate ways. These findings are consistent with other recent studies demonstrating that perpetration of abuse by caregivers results in fewer symptoms and problems than abuse perpetrated by a non-caregiving relative. Thus, clinicians should not make a priori assumptions that children and adolescents who are traumatized by a parent/caregiver would have more severe symptoms than youth who are traumatized by a non-caregiver. Further exploration of the role of the perpetrator and other trauma characteristics associated with the perpetrator role is needed to advance our understanding of these findings and their implications for clinical practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Stress, depression, workplace and social supports and burnout in intellectual disability support staff
- Authors:
- MUTKINS E., BROWN R.F., THORSTEINSSON E.B.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(5), May 2011, pp.500-510.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Work stress, described as when the perceived demands of a job exceed one’s internal and external resources to do the job, is common in staff providing support to people with intellectual disabilities, putting them at increased risk of burnout. Stressors typically reported by those working in this environment include, challenging behaviour, interpersonal issues with colleagues and organisational concerns. The small prior literature provides little consensus on predictors of burnout in disability support staff. This study examined client behaviour, staff psychological stress, anxiety, depression, social support (number and satisfaction), organisational support and burnout in 80 disability support staff in a community setting in Australia. Burnout levels were similar to or slightly lower than normed values for human services staff. Cross-sectional regression analyses indicated that depression symptoms and organisational support were related to worse emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, whereas less social support was related to less personal accomplishment. Social support satisfaction (but not social support number or organisational support) moderated between high psychological stress and less emotional exhaustion. Taken together, these results suggest that depression symptoms and low organisational support are often concurrent with burnout symptoms. Worker’s personal and organisational supports may help to bolster their sense of personal accomplishment and buffer against the potential for emotional exhaustion.
Development of the Children's Attributions about Psychological Problems in their Peers Scale
- Authors:
- SWORDS L., HENNESSY E., HEARY C.
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(3), May 2011, pp.446-455.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Research has shown that children's beliefs about the causes of psychological problems are related to their attitudes and reactions towards affected peers. While sympathy and compassion will result in prosocial responses, anger will give rise to exclusion, social distance and rejection. This study describes the development of the Children's Attributions about Psychological Problems in their Peers (CAPPP) Scale, an instrument which assesses children's beliefs about the causes of psychological disorders among their peers. The 16 items comprising the CAPPP were derived from previous qualitative research findings. A total of 595 young people, with ages spanning early childhood to late adolescence, completed a CAPPP Scale for each of 2 vignettes describing the behaviour of hypothetical peers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an externalising condition, and depression, an internalising condition. Modifications following consideration of psychometric properties and conceptual fit resulted in a 12-item scale. For both ADHD and depression, the components that emerged were ‘Volition’, ‘Recent Life Stress’, ‘Family Factors’ and ‘School Factors’. The results suggest that children's and adolescents' beliefs about the causes of psychological problems are multidimensional and incorporate both individual and environmental factors. Using the CAPPP, researchers can assess which aspect of these beliefs facilitates or hinders positive responses to affected peers.
Promoting the mental health and well-being of older people: trainer manual to support the level 2 award
- Authors:
- CLARE Alison, CUTHBERT Sharon Lee
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 157p., CD ROM
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
This training manual provides the resources and materials to deliver training to those involved in improving the mental health and well-being of older people, including paid staff, volunteers and informal carers. It includes guidance for trainers, activities and timings, and suggests learning materials and resources. The manual has been developed to support the Level 2 City and Guilds Award, but can also be used to delivery non-accredited learning programmes. The contents are split into five units: the principles and values that underpin the promotion and well-being and mental health with older people; mental well-being, mental health problems and older people; communication and relationships; working within services to promote well-being and mental health with older people; and developing yourself and your role.
Mental health correlates of the victim-perpetrator relationship among interpersonally victimized adolescents
- Authors:
- LAWYER Steven R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(10), October 2006, pp.1333-1353.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This research examines mental health correlates of different victim-perpetrator relationships among adolescent victims of interpersonal violence. A large and nationally representative sample of 4,023 adolescents responded to structured telephone interviews concerning mental health functioning (posttraumatic stress disorder - PTSD, major depressive disorder, substance abuse/dependence, and delinquency). Those reporting histories of sexual (n = 321) and/or physical (n = 688) assault were queried about specific aspects of their assaults, including their relationship with the perpetrator. After controlling for demographic and assault-related risk factors, the victim-perpetrator relationship remained a significant risk factor for mental health problems. Adolescents sexually assaulted by non-strangers were at increased risk for PTSD; those sexually assaulted by acquaintances or people they did not know well were at increased risk for delinquency. Adolescents who were physically assaulted by a family member were at increased risk for PTSD. Explanations for the findings and the need for consistent assessment methods across related studies are discussed.