Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Depression in children and young people: identification and management in primary, community and secondary care: CG28
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 63
- Place of publication:
- London
This guideline covers the identification and treatment of depression in children (5-11 years) and young people (12-18 years) in primary, community and secondary care. The guidance covers: the care children and young people with depression can expect to get from their doctor, nurse or counsellor; the information they can expect to be given; what they can expect from treatment; and the kinds of services that can help young people and children with depression, including family doctor (general practitioner or GP), health staff at school, and specialists in clinics or hospitals. (Edited publisher abstract)
Impact of maternal mental health status on child mental health treatment outcome
- Authors:
- RISHEL Carrie W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 41(1), 2006, pp.1-12.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This American study examined the effect of maternal depression and anxiety on child treatment outcome. Psychiatric assessments were conducted on 180 mother–child pairs when the child entered treatment in a community mental health centre and six months later. Children whose mothers were depressed or anxious were significantly more impaired than children of mentally healthy mothers at both time points. Both groups of children improved at approximately the same rate. The findings suggest that early mental health screening of children and their mothers may be important preventive practices. Addressing the mental health needs of mothers and children simultaneously may be an effective method of reducing their mental health problems.
Rethinking childhood depression
- Authors:
- TIMIMI Sami, SPENDER Quentin, WIKKINSON Paul
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 11.12.04, 2004, pp.1394-1396.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
Increasing numbers of children are being treated for depression. At the end of 2003, over 50,000 were prescribed antidepressants, and over 170,000 prescriptions a year for antidepressants were issued to people under 18 in the UK. Recent evidence suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are largely ineffective and may be dangerous in this age group. Older antidepressants have already been shown to have no beneficial effect in under 18s. Undoubtedly part of the problem is with pharmaceutical industry tactics, designed to enable greater consumption of their products. However, the gateway diagnosis to prescribing antidepressants to under 18s is that of childhood depression. Timimi discusses the notion of childhood depression and suggests the medicalisation of children's unhappiness is hindering our ability to respond effectively.
Can babies get depressed?
- Author:
- GEORGE Mike
- Journal article citation:
- Children Now, 13.10.04, 2004, pp.20-21.
- Publisher:
- Haymarket
Investigates the best way forward for specialist services targeted at infancy, a key period for children's future mental health but with few services. Describes a case study in Sunderland.
The impact of early loss on depression: dynamic origins and empirical findings
- Author:
- BRAVO Irene M.
- Journal article citation:
- Psychoanalytic Social Work, 8(3/4), 2001, pp.47-69.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article reviews psychodynamic theoretical claims linking childhood losses to depression later in life and explores contemporary empirical studies that are congruent with those claims. Biologically medicated responses to grief, empirically supported pathways that link loss to depression, and factors that distinguish normal form pathological grief are identified. Trajectors that may lead to the development of psychotic-like, instead of neurotic-like, symptoms of depression are also explored, and empirically supported internal and external vulnerability factors that may lead to depression are reported. Several clinical vignettes are included to exemplify theoretical claims. Implications for assessment and treatment are discussed in light of these findings.
Life in lockdown: child and adolescent mental health and well-being in the time of COVID-19
- Authors:
- SHARMA Manasi, et al
- Publisher:
- UNICEF. Innocenti Research Centre
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 118
- Place of publication:
- Florence
COVID-19 lockdowns have significantly disrupted the daily lives of children and adolescents, with increased time at home, online learning and limited physical social interaction. This report seeks to understand the immediate effects on their mental health. Covering more than 130,000 children and adolescents across 22 countries, the evidence shows that higher levels of depression, fear, anxiety, anger, irritability, negativity, conduct disorder, alcohol and substance use and sedentary behaviours compared with pre-pandemic rates were commonly reported in children and adolescents in 2020, but there were also positive perceptions of time spent with family. Children and adolescents reported positive coping strategies, resilience, social connectedness through digital media, more family time, and relief from academic stress. Factors such as demographics, relationships and pre-existing conditions are critical. To ensure children and adolescents are supported, the report recommends building the evidence on the longer-term impact of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health in low- and middle-income countries, including vulnerable populations. Several primary recommendations emerge from the report that have strong implications for policy and programming, including: begin early to build mental health assets of children and adolescents; foster family-friendly policies; Invest in age- and gender-sensitive child and adolescent mental health care interventions and services; promote physical activity and good nutrition for young people; make schools a safe space for positive mental health; focus on at-risk young populations; address stigma and discrimination in mental health, including new and emerging forms; support digital technologies as a force for change. (Edited publisher abstract)
Caregiver depression and child behaviour problems: a longitudinal mixed effects approach
- Author:
- MARCAL Katherine
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 26(1), 2021, pp.26-37.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Caregiver mental health has a powerful influence on child well‐being. Both maternal depression and paternal depression predict behaviour problems in young children. However, little is known about the nature of this link over time. The present study leveraged a large sample of at‐risk families to examine the impact of maternal and paternal depression on trajectories of child behaviour from age 3 to 15. Data came from the At‐Home substudy of the Fragile Families and Child Well‐Being Study, which observed a cohort of children born 1998–2000 in 20 large American cities (N = 1,090). Multiple imputation by chained equations addressed missing data to maximize available information without biasing models. Linear mixed effects models tested the association between caregiver depression and child behaviour over 12 years; interaction models tested whether this association changed as children transitioned into adolescence. Results showed caregiver depression is related with increases in both child internalizing and externalizing problems, and these relationships strengthened over time. Findings inform risk trajectories of distinct behavioural problems, shedding light on the development of child psychopathology and highlighting opportunities for intervention. (Edited publisher abstract)
Suicide ideation, anxiety, and depression: are children a protective factor for male Veterans?
- Authors:
- WEISENHORN David A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 20(1), 2017, pp.41-51.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Numerous mental health disorders plague our veterans when they return from deployment including anxiety and depressive disorders, which have been linked to elevated suicide risk when left untreated. Family factors, such as parenthood status, may serve as a protective factor against these mental health issues. This study examined the role of parenthood status of male veterans (N = 234) based on age of the child in order to determine whether a child’s age (minor children v. adult children) affects the likelihood of meeting diagnosis criteria for anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation after controlling for marital status. Three hierarchical binary logistic regression models were constructed to assess the predictive influence of children 18 years old and younger, children older than 18, and no children with the results indicating that parenthood status did meaningfully enhance the prediction of suicide ideation. Complete findings, clinical implications, and future considerations are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countries
- Authors:
- REAVELL James, FAZIL Qulsom
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 26(1), 2017, pp.74-83.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: With an increasing number of refugees migrating across continents, the crisis is very apparent. Aim: A literature review of patterns, risk factors and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in refugee minors was carried out involving those who have resettled in different developed countries. Methods: Papers were narrowed down by reading the abstracts and methods to ascertain whether the refugee children had resettled in developed countries and to ensure that they had not just been internally displaced. Results: High incidences of PTSD and depression were found in refugee minors and poorer mental health was correlated with increased exposure to violence. Factors such as social support and family security were important in reducing the rates of PTSD and depression, whereas the implications of age and gender were unclear. Long-term effects from these mental illnesses indicated scholastic issues, but no further worsening of symptoms. Conclusions: Further research is needed regarding the follow-up of refugee minors with PTSD and depression to allow the establishment of more effective support systems, as long-term outcomes become more clearly understood. Few papers discuss the influence of religion, which may be an interesting line of future research as refugees move to more secular societies. (Publisher abstract)
Cognitive vulnerability to bipolar disorder in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- PAVLICKOVA Hana, TURNBULL Oliver, BENTALL Richard P.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(4), 2014, pp.386-401.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable illness, with a positive family history robustly predictive of its onset. It follows that studying biological children of parents with bipolar disorder may provide information about developmental pathways to the disorder. Moreover, such studies may serve as a useful test of theories that attribute a causal role in the development of mood disorders to psychological processes. Method: Psychological style (including self-esteem, coping style with depression, domain-specific risk-taking, sensation-seeking, sensitivity to reward and punishment, and hypomanic personality and cognition) was assessed in 30 offspring of bipolar parents and 30 children of well parents. Parents of both child groups completed identical assessments. Results: Although expected differences between parents with bipolar disorder and well parents were detected (such as low self-esteem, increased rumination, high sensitivity to reward and punishment), offspring of bipolar parents were, as a group, not significantly different from well offspring, apart from a modest trend towards lower adaptive coping. When divided into affected and non-affected subgroups, both groups of index children showed lower novelty-seeking. Only affected index children showed lower self-esteem, increased rumination, sensitivity to punishment, and hypomanic cognitions. Notably, these processes were associated with symptoms of depression. Conclusion: Psychological abnormalities in index offspring were associated with having met diagnostic criteria for psychiatric illnesses and the presence of mood symptoms, rather than preceding them. Implications of the present findings for our understanding of the development of bipolar disorder, as well as for informing early interventions, are discussed. Practitioner points: Decreased active coping and seeking for novel stimuli might be one of first psychological indications relevant to the future development of mood disorders. Psychological abnormalities typical for individuals with mood disorders were present only in already affected offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Limitations of the study: This was a cross-sectional study; longitudinal design would greatly enhance our understanding of the association between psychological processes and symptoms. The sample size in this study was modest. (Publisher abstract)