Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Understanding depression from different paradigms: toward an eclectic social work approach
- Authors:
- HUANG Yu-Te, FANG Lin
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 46(3), 2016, pp.756-772.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Depression is a significant mental health issue that many social workers encounter in their practice. There is great deal of theoretical and empirical knowledge concerning depression that stems from different paradigms. In this paper, the authors argue for the importance of understanding depression from four paradigms, post-positivism, social constructivism, critical theory and Eastern paradigm, and they illuminate how depression would be known and dealt with by these paradigmatic approaches. Given multiple paradigms available in understanding depression, the authors argue that social workers need to have the ability to appreciate and discern these different paradigms. Such ability can help strengthen social work practice. The authors further illustrate an eclectic approach that not only allows social workers to recognise the utilities and limitations of different paradigms, but also enables them to be dynamic, effectively addressing a range of issues when working with a service user who has depression. (Edited publisher abstract)
Young people's narratives of depression
- Authors:
- ISSAKAINEN Mervi, HANNINEN Vilma
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Youth Studies, 19(2), 2016, pp.237-250.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This article reports on findings from a study, which aimed to gain insight into young people's depression as a part of their life course by analysing written accounts of 81 young Finnish people who self-identified as having been depressed. The participants’ accounts were seen as reflecting both their actual life and their narrative interpretations of it in relation to the prevailing normative conceptions regarding youth. The accounts can be grouped into four main story types. The story type referred to as growing up on a sidetrack depicts depression as having its origins in childhood adversities that hinder the realisation of normative goals. Falling off the track depicts how a young person's life can be derailed as a result of experiences that cause or exacerbate depression. In the story missing the track, depression is intertwined with one's experience of failure in meeting normative expectations, whereas the story questioning the track features the problematisation of such expectations. The results underscore the importance of tackling different adverse conditions in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in a timely fashion, as well as the importance of therapy, counselling and guidance, which help young people to manage difficulties and depression in their life. (Publisher abstract)
The annual bullying survey 2016
- Author:
- DITCH THE LABEL
- Publisher:
- Ditch the Label
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 31
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
This report presents the findings of a survey of 8,850 young people aged 12-20 on their experience of being bullied and bullying others. Included in the report is the following: key bullying statistics in the UK; the motivations of bullying; frequency and nature of bullying experienced; the impact of bullying; rates of young people bullying others; reasons why young people bully others; the impact of family dynamics, stress and trauma and relationships on bullying behaviour; feedback for schools and colleges; recommendations; and real stories and experiences. The survey found that 1.5 million young people (50 per cent) have been bullied within the past year; 145,800 (19 per cent) of these were bullied every day; people who have been bullied are almost twice as likely to bully others; twice as many boys as girls bully (66 per cent of males vs. 31 per cent females); one in five have physically attacked somebody; 44 per cent of young people who have been bullied experience depression and 41 per cent social anxiety; and 33 per cent of those being bullied have suicidal thoughts. The report also comes with tips and advice for schools, colleges, practitioners, parents/guardians and young people. (Edited publisher abstract)
The effect of experimentally induced sedentariness on mood and psychobiological responses to mental stress
- Authors:
- ENDRIGHI Romano, STEPTOE Andrew, HAMER Mark
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 2016, pp.245-251.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Evidence suggests a link between sedentary behaviours and depressive symptoms. Mechanisms underlying this relationship are not understood, but inflammatory processes may be involved. Autonomic and inflammatory responses to stress may be heightened in sedentary individuals contributing to risk, but no study has experimentally investigated this. Aims: To examine the effect of sedentary time on mood and stress responses using an experimental design. Method: Forty-three individuals were assigned to a free-living sedentary condition and to a control condition (usual activity) in a cross-over, randomised fashion and were tested in a psychophysiology laboratory after spending 2 weeks in each condition. Participants completed mood questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire and Profile of Mood States) and wore a motion sensor for 4 weeks. Results: Sedentary time increased by an average of 32 min/day (P = 0.01) during the experimental condition compared with control. Being sedentary resulted in increases in negative mood independent of changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (ΔGHQ = 6.23, ΔPOMS = 2.80). Mood disturbances were associated with greater stress-induced inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses (β = 0.37). Conclusions: Two weeks of exposure to greater free-living sedentary time resulted in mood disturbances independent of reduction in physical activity. Stress-induced IL-6 responses were associated with changes in mood. (Publisher abstract)
Psychosocial equine program for Veterans
- Author:
- FERRUOLO David M.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work: A journal of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), 61(1), 2016, pp.53-60.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Equine-facilitated mental health therapy has shown promise in treating veterans with depressive and anxiety disorders and reintegration issues. This article reports on US pilot programme designed to address the mental health needs of veterans. It also discusses future directions for evolving development of equine treatment programming. (Edited publisher abstract)
Lesbian, gay, & bisexual older adults: linking internal minority stressors, chronic health conditions, and depression
- Authors:
- HOY-ELLIS Charles P., FREDRIKSEN-GOLDSEN Karen I.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(11), 2016, pp.1119-1130.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: This study aims to: (1) test whether the minority stressors disclosure of sexual orientation; and (2) internalised heterosexism are predictive of chronic physical health conditions; and (3) depression; (4) to test direct and indirect relationships between these variables; and (5) whether chronic physical health conditions are further predictive of depression, net of disclosure of sexual orientation and internalised heterosexism. Methods: Secondary analysis of national, community-based surveys of 2349 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults aged 50 and older residing in the US utilising structural equation modelling. Results: Congruent with minority stress theory, disclosure of sexual orientation is indirectly associated with chronic physical health conditions and depression, mediated by internalised heterosexism with a suppressor effect. Internalised heterosexism is directly associated with chronic physical health conditions and depression, and further indirectly associated with depression mediated by chronic physical health conditions. Finally, chronic physical health conditions have an additional direct relationship with depression, net of other predictor variables. Conclusion: Minority stressors and chronic physical health conditions independently and collectively predict depression, possibly a synergistic effect. Implications for depression among older sexual minority adults are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Anxiety among older psychiatric patients: a hidden comorbidity?
- Authors:
- BENDIXEN Anette Bakkane, ENGEDAL Knut
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(11), 2016, pp.131-1138.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The authors' aims were to explore prevalence of anxiety among patients admitted to departments of geriatric psychiatry for treatment of various diagnoses and to examine how often anxiety was registered as a previous or ongoing diagnosis. Method: In all, 473 patients admitted to one of five departments of geriatric psychiatry were included in a quality register and examined according to a standardised protocol. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) was used to measure anxiety during the first week after admission. Diagnoses were made at discharge. Results: Using a cutoff on the GAI of 8/9, the prevalence of anxiety for the following diagnostic groups was depression 65.3%, psychosis 28%, dementia 38.8% and mania 33.3%. Of 24 patients with a primary diagnosis of anxiety, 66.7% scored above 8 on the GAI. Of 236 patients with a GAI score above 8, only 22 (9.3%) were reported to have a comorbid anxiety disorder by the treating psychiatrist. In a multiple regression analysis, we found that the severity of depression (beta 0.585, p < 0.001), being female (beta 0.096, p 0.028) and the use of antipsychotic drugs (beta 0.129, p 0.006) and anxiolytic drugs (beta 0.129, p 0.005) were associated with a higher GAI score. Conclusion: Anxiety is common in geriatric psychiatric patients, regardless of the primary diagnosis. The findings suggest that anxiety is often a hidden comorbidity in various psychiatric disorders. A high score on the GAI was associated with the severity of depression, female gender and the use of antipsychotic and anxiolytic drugs. (Edited publisher abstract)
The relationship between problem-solving ability and self-harm amongst people with mild intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- REES Joanna, LANGDON Peter E.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(4), 2016, p.387–393.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression, hopelessness, problem-solving ability and self-harming behaviours amongst people with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs). Methods: Thirty-six people with mild IDs (77.9% women, Mage = 31.77, SD = 10.73, MIQ = 62.65, SD = 5.74) who had a history of self-harm were recruited. Participants were asked to complete measures of depression, hopelessness and problem-solving ability. Results: Cutting was most frequently observed, and depression was prevalent amongst the sample. There was a significant positive relationship between depression and hopelessness, while there was no significant relationship between self-harm and depression or hopelessness. Problem-solving ability explained 15% of the variance in self-harm scores. Conclusions : Problem-solving ability appears to be associated with self-harming behaviours in people with mild IDs. (Publisher abstract)
Post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among inpatient adolescents: the underlying role of emotion regulation
- Authors:
- ESPIL Flint M., VIANA Andres G., DIXON Laura J.
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 33(1), 2016, pp.51-68.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The present study examined emotion regulation as a potential mechanism in the relationship between Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression among 50 inpatient adolescents receiving psychiatric care at an inpatient mental hospital. PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses and bias-corrected bootstrapping techniques supported emotion dysregulation as a mechanism underlying the association between PTSD and depression symptoms. These findings support the notion that adolescents with clinical levels of PTSD symptoms may engage in ineffective emotion regulation strategies, such as emotional avoidance and suppression, which may, in turn, be associated with increased depression. Findings and implications are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Sense of community: is it a protective factor for military veterans?
- Authors:
- THOMAS Veliska J., BOWIE Stan L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Service Research, 42(3), 2016, pp.313-331.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Veteran community reintegration (VCR) difficulties impact personal, interpersonal, educational/occupational, and community aspects of returning military service members. Sense of community (SOC), an individual's feeling of membership, influence, need fulfillment, and emotional connection, is the theoretical underpinnings for community-based practice interventions used with this population. This study investigates the mediating role of SOC on the relationship between mental health risk factors (PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation), employment status, and VCR difficulties among military veterans. Data used in this study (N = 131) were collected by the authors for an outcome evaluation study in 2013. Results found a statistically significant path from depression to SOC and a significant and direct path from SOC to VCR difficulties, suggesting that veterans who are connected to their local communities may be more at risk for depression and VCR difficulties. Practice implications suggest social workers should look beyond the local community as a resilience factor for military veterans and explore more culturally relevant responses (such as veteran support at public universities, individual social support, and local/virtual military support groups). Future research should continue the search for resilient factors among this millennial generation of returning military veterans. (Publisher abstract)