Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Mental disorders in juveniles who sexually offended: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- BOONMANN Cyril, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 24, 2015, pp.241-249.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
In order to establish the prevalence of mental disorders in juveniles who sexually offended (JSOs) a meta-analysis was carried out based on studies reporting on the prevalence rates of mental disorders in JSOs. Differences in mental disorders between JSOs and juveniles who offended non-sexually (non-JSOs) were also assessed. In total, 21 studies reporting on mental disorders in 2951 JSOs and 18,688 non-JSOs were included. In the total group of JSOs, 69% met the criteria for at least one mental disorder; comorbidity was present in 44%. The most common externalising and internalising disorders were respectively conduct disorder (CD; 51%) and anxiety disorder (18%). Compared to non-JSOs, JSOs were less often diagnosed with a Disruptive Behaviour Disorder (DBD, i.e., CD and/or Oppositional Deviant Disorder [ODD]), an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a Substance Use Disorder (SUD). No significant differences were found for internalising disorders. In conclusion, although the prevalence of externalising disorders is higher in non-JSOs, mental disorders are highly prevalent in JSOs. Even though results of the current meta-analysis may overestimate prevalence rates (e.g., due to publication bias), screening of JSOs should focus on mental disorders. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health of current and former recipients of foster care: a review of recent studies in the USA
- Authors:
- PECORA Peter J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 14(2), May 2009, pp.132-146.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper presents data about the emotional, behavioural and substance abuse disorders of youth in foster care and former recipients of foster care ('alumni') in the USA. The prevalence rates of these groups are compared to those of the youth and young adults in the US general population. The implications of these data for policy and program design are discussed.
The Better Life Program: effects of group skills training for persons with severe mental illness and substance use disorders
- Authors:
- GRAWE Rolf W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 16(5), October 2007, pp.635-634.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Despite the widespread use of group interventions for treating dual disorders, few standardized programs have been empirically validated. This study evaluated a manualized group skills training intervention for clients with dual disorders, the Better Life Program, in order to determine its feasibility and changes in substance abuse and mental health outcomes. Patients with dual disorders at nine centres in Norway participated in a pilot study using a within-subjects pre- and post test design. The program required an average of 37 sessions to complete and was provided as a supplement to standard mental health care. The aim of the program is to reduce substance misuse through providing information, motivational enhancement, skills training to develop rewarding relationships, relapse prevention, and establishing healthy leisure activities. Among the 82 patients who began treatment, 63 (83%) completed it. Treatment completers showed significant reductions in substance misuse and improvement in global functioning, but did not change in general symptom distress. This pilot study supports the feasibility of the Better Life Program, and suggests that it may improve substance misuse and mental health outcomes. Further research is warranted to evaluate the effects of this program using controlled research designs.
The efficacy of systemic therapy for childhood and adolescent externalizing disorders: a systematic review of 47 RCT
- Authors:
- von SYDOW Kirsten, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Family Process, 52(4), 2013, pp.576-618.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Systemic (family) therapy is a widely used psychotherapy approach. However, most systematic efficacy reviews have focused solely on “family-based treatment” rather than on the theoretic orientation “systemic therapy.” The authors systematically review trials on the efficacy of systemic therapy for the treatment of childhood and adolescent externalizing disorders. All randomised (or matched) controlled trials (RCT) evaluating systemic/systems-oriented therapy in various forms (family, individual, group, multi-family group therapy) with child or adolescent index patients (0–17 years) suffering from mental disorders were identified by data base searches and cross-references. Inclusion criteria were as follows: index patient diagnosed with a DSM- or ICD-listed mental disorder, and trial published in any language up to the end of 2011. The RCTs were analysed for their research methodology, interventions applied, and results (postintervention; follow-up). A total of 47 trials from the United States, Europe, and China, published in English, German, and Mandarin, were identified. A total of 42 of them showed systemic therapy to be efficacious for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, conduct disorders, and substance use disorders. Results were stable across follow-up periods of up to 14 years. There is a sound evidence base for the efficacy of systemic therapy for children and adolescents (and their families) diagnosed with externalising disorder. (Edited publisher abstract)
DSM-5: an overview of changes and controversies
- Author:
- WAKEFIELD Jerome C.
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Social Work Journal, 41(2), 2013, pp.139-154.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
The DSM-5 offers many changes in the criteria and categories used in clinical diagnosis. The provocative and sometimes controversial nature of the changes has enlivened debate in the mental health field about how clients should be understood. The author selectively surveys what is new in DSM-5, why changes were made, and what about them is so controversial. First, the main metastructural and organisational changes are described, including elimination of the multiaxial system and changed chapter groupings. Second, the most important new categories of disorder and the most important changes to the diagnostic criteria for existing categories of disorder are surveyed. Focus is particularly on controversial changes, such as those to substance use and addictive disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Pros and cons are provided for changes in criteria as well as for the addition of new disorder categories, such as hoarding disorder and binge eating disorder. Finally, A more in-depth review and analysis of the changes to the depressive disorders chapter, which was subject to some of the most intense controversies and had some of the most extensive change is also offered (Edited publisher abstract)
Emotional dysregulation: the key to a treatment approach for violent mentally ill individuals
- Authors:
- NEWHILL Christina E., MULVEY Edward P.
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Social Work Journal, 30(2), Summer 2002, pp.157-171.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
Prior research has suggested that psychopathy, substance abuse, and the presence of a personality disorder increase an individual's risk for violence toward others. Substantial clinical literature has established emotional dysregulation as a risk marker for violence toward self. It is hypothesized that emotional dysregulation may be an important component in a constellation of risk markers for violence toward others and may interact with psychopathy and substance abuse in individuals with personality disorders to enhance risk for violence. If these hypothesized relationships exist, it suggests that the development of an intervention approach which directly targets these factors may hold promise. A potential intervention approach based on dialectical behavioral therapy, with case illustrations, is provided.
Gender differences in rates and correlates of suicidal behaviour amongst child psychiatric out-patients
- Authors:
- WANNAN Gary, FOMBONNE Eric
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adolescence, 21(4), August 1998, pp.371-381.
- Publisher:
- Academic Press
This study determines factors associated with suicidal ideas attempts of threats in psychiatric out-patients aged between 8 and 17 years who attended a British teaching hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed by sex on the data from the standard department questionnaire. Substance abuse, depression and distributed relationships with adults were predictors of suicidal behaviour for both sexes. For female subjects, anti-social behaviour was also associated. In girls alone, depression had significant interaction effects with substance abuse and conduct disorder. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, comorbid depression, substance abuse, and suicide attempts: clinical presentations, assessments, and treatment
- Authors:
- ROBERTS Albert R., YAEGER Kenneth, SEIGEL Alan
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.145-167.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in singular presentation may experience profound threats to self-esteem; activities of daily living; marital, family, social relationships; and occupational functioning. OCD is present in a number of comorbid conditions, the most risky of which elevate suicide risk. This paper examines the prevalence, assessment methods, clinical features, and treatment approaches to OCD, and depression, substance abuse, or psychotic episodes in comorbid presentation, where threats to the functioning and survival of the individual as well as complications in clinical treatment may arise because of the interplay of symptoms of OCD, substance abuse, brief psychotic episodes, and depression. Case illustrations are used to demonstrate effects of comorbidity and considerations in treatment planning. This article closes by calling for longitudinal research on the causes, consequences, and efficacy of integrated treatment of OCD, depression, substance abuse, and suicidality.
Treatment needs of women arrested for domestic violence: a comparison with male offenders
- Authors:
- HENNING Kris, JONES Angela, HOLDFORD Robert
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(8), August 2003, pp.839-856.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Rising numbers of women arrested for domestic violence present many theoretical and practical challenges. At the theoretical level, there is ongoing debate about whether women are equally aggressive as men. At the practical level, little research is available to guide how female cases are handled in the criminal justice system. In this study, data were obtained regarding demographic characteristics, mental health functioning, and childhood familial dysfunction for a large sample of male (n =2,254) and female (n = 281) domestic violence offenders. The women were demographically similar to the men, and few differences were noted in their childhood experiences. Women were more likely than men to have previously attempted suicide, whereas more men had conduct problems in childhood and substance abuse in adulthood. Compared to the male offenders, women reported more symptoms of personality dysfunction and mood disorder. Treatment implications of these findings are discussed.
Physical punishment/maltreatment during childhood and adjustment in young adulthood
- Authors:
- FERGUSSON David M., LYNSKEY Michael T.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(7), July 1997, pp.617-630.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Reports on a study of the relationships between retrospective reports of physical punishment/maltreatment and rates of adjustment difficulties at age 18 in a birth cohort of New Zealand subjects. Data were gathered over the course of an 18 year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand born children. At age 18 retrospective reports of exposure to physical punishment/maltreatment were obtained. At this time the cohort was also assessed on measures of psychosocial adjustment including juvenile offending, substance abuse behaviours, and psychiatric disorder. Leads to three major conclusions: (1) Those exposed to harsh or abusive treatment during childhood are an at-risk population for juvenile offending, substance abuse, and mental health problems; (2) Much of this elevated risk arises from the social context within which harsh or abusive treatment occurs: (3) Nonetheless, exposure to abuse appears to increase risks of involvement in violent behaviour and alcohol abuse.