Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Relations between internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood
- Authors:
- STONE Lisanne L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Care Forum, 44(5), 2015, pp.635-653.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Background: Childhood internalising and externalising problems are closely related and often co-occur. Directional models have been employed to test how these problems are related, while few studies have tested a third variables model. Objective: This study investigates whether internalising and externalising problems are reciprocally or unidirectionally related, whether these relations can be explained by third variables, and how these relations are associated with onset and stability. Methods: A community sample of 1,434 children aged 5.08 (SD = 1.25) and their mothers participated in two 1-year interval data waves. Internalising and externalising problems were examined with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: Using latent cross-lagged modelling, externalising problems were found not be related to subsequent internalising problems, or vice versa. These results were also found when controlling for inadequate parenting, parenting stress, maternal health and social preference. When taking problem level into account, externalising problems were related to stability of clinical level internalising problems, even when controlling for third variables inadequate parenting, parenting stress, maternal mental health and social preference. Conclusions: Strong autoregressive paths for internalising and externalising problems were found. Internalising and externalising problems do not seem to influence each other over time in the community sample. When investigating relations among internalising and externalising problems, it seems to be important to take problem level into account. (Edited publisher abstract)
Research into practice
- Author:
- SMITH Pip
- Journal article citation:
- Young Minds Magazine, 111, April 2011, p.32.
- Publisher:
- YoungMinds
A research project into the mental health problems of students taught at pupil referral units is outlined. The study found evidence of significant trauma in the majority of participating students and highlights the need to address this in order to manage challenging behaviour. Implications for practice are also given.
Interstate variations in psychotropic medication use among a national sample of children in the child welfare system
- Authors:
- RAGHAVAN Ramesh, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Maltreatment, 15(2), May 2010, pp.121-131.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Children in the child welfare system have amongst the highest rates of psychotropic medication usage of all child populations, yet their appropriateness remains questioned. Also, geographic variations in service utilisation have emerged as reliable indicators of quality of care. This study, using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Area Resource File, examined interstate variations in psychotropic medication use among children coming into contact with child welfare agencies. It tested mean probabilities of medication usage between California and Texas. Results showed that use differed by 13% between California (7.1%) and Texas (20.1%), and regression analyses showed that children in California had a fifth of the chances of medication use compared to children in Texas, mainly because child characteristics such as age, gender, foster care placement, and mental health needs seem to be evaluated differently in Texas compared to in other states. In conclusion, the authors suggest these findings are indicative that interstate variations in psychotropic medication use are driven by child characteristics, rather than by mental health need. Understanding the clinical contexts of psychotropic medication use is necessary to assure high-quality care for these children.
Impact of maternal mental health status on child mental health treatment outcome
- Authors:
- RISHEL Carrie W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 41(1), 2006, pp.1-12.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This American study examined the effect of maternal depression and anxiety on child treatment outcome. Psychiatric assessments were conducted on 180 mother–child pairs when the child entered treatment in a community mental health centre and six months later. Children whose mothers were depressed or anxious were significantly more impaired than children of mentally healthy mothers at both time points. Both groups of children improved at approximately the same rate. The findings suggest that early mental health screening of children and their mothers may be important preventive practices. Addressing the mental health needs of mothers and children simultaneously may be an effective method of reducing their mental health problems.
Caregiver depression and child behaviour problems: a longitudinal mixed effects approach
- Author:
- MARCAL Katherine
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 26(1), 2021, pp.26-37.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Caregiver mental health has a powerful influence on child well‐being. Both maternal depression and paternal depression predict behaviour problems in young children. However, little is known about the nature of this link over time. The present study leveraged a large sample of at‐risk families to examine the impact of maternal and paternal depression on trajectories of child behaviour from age 3 to 15. Data came from the At‐Home substudy of the Fragile Families and Child Well‐Being Study, which observed a cohort of children born 1998–2000 in 20 large American cities (N = 1,090). Multiple imputation by chained equations addressed missing data to maximize available information without biasing models. Linear mixed effects models tested the association between caregiver depression and child behaviour over 12 years; interaction models tested whether this association changed as children transitioned into adolescence. Results showed caregiver depression is related with increases in both child internalizing and externalizing problems, and these relationships strengthened over time. Findings inform risk trajectories of distinct behavioural problems, shedding light on the development of child psychopathology and highlighting opportunities for intervention. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health problems in young people, aged 11 to 14: results from the first HeadStart annual survey of 30,000 children
- Authors:
- DEIGHTON Jessica, et al
- Publisher:
- CAMHS Press
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 11
- Place of publication:
- London
This briefing explores the data collected for the HeadStart Learning Programme to explore the prevalence of mental health problems children and young people from 114 participating schools. It also considers the risk of experiencing a mental health problems by demographics such as gender, ethnicity, special educational needs status, free school meal eligibility and child in need status. The results found that 18.4 percent of pupils indicated they were experiencing emotional problems, and this was more common for girls than boys. The risk of experiencing mental health problems were increased for children who were: eligible for free school meals, had special educational needs, or were categorised as a ‘child in need.’ The briefing highlights key implications and recommendations from the results. (Edited publisher abstract)
Age at injury, emotional problems and executive functioning in understanding disrupted social relationships following childhood acquired brain injury
- Authors:
- GRACEY Fergus, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Care and Neurodisability, 5(3), 2014, pp.160-170.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Clinically significant childhood acquired brain injury (ABI) is associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioural dysfunction and peer relationship problems. The purpose of this paper is to determine how emotional and peer related problems for children with ABI compare with those of children referred to mental health services, and to identify clinical predictors of peer relationship problems in a heterogeneous sample typical of a specialist community rehabilitation setting. Design/methodology/approach: Participants were 51 children with clinically significant ABI (32 traumatic brain injury; 29 male) referred for outpatient neuropsychological rehabilitation. Emotional, behavioural and social outcomes were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and executive functioning was measured with the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functions. Correlational analyses were used to explore variables associated with peer relationships. A subgroup (n=27) of children with ABI were compared to an age and sex matched mental health group to determine differences on SDQ subscales. Findings: The SDQ profiles of children with clinically significant ABI did not significantly differ from matched children referred to mental health services. Time since injury, peer relationship problems, metacognitive, and behavioural problems correlated with age at injury. These variables and SDQ emotional problems correlated with peer relationship problems. Linear multiple regression analysis indicated that only metacognitive skills remained a significant predictor of peer relationship problems, and metacognitive skills were found to significantly mediate between age at injury and peer relationship problems. Research limitations/implications: The study confirms the significant effect of childhood ABI on relationships with peers and mental health, those injured at a younger age faring worst. Within the methodological constraints of this study, the results tentatively suggest that age of injury influences later peer relationships via the mediating role of poor metacognitive skills within a heterogeneous clinical sample. Originality/value: This is the first study to examine the roles of emotional, behavioural and executive variables on the effect of age at injury on peer relationship problems in a sample with a wide range of ages and ages of injury. (Publisher abstract)
Relative impact of maternal depression and associated risk factors on offspring psychopathology
- Authors:
- BARKER Edward D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(2), February 2012, pp.124-129.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Young children of mothers with depression are at increased risk for emotional problems, disruptive behaviours and attention and cognitive problems. In general, mothers with depression experience more environmental and family risk factors, and lead riskier lifestyles, than mothers who are not depressed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the exposure of a child to these risk factors adds to the prediction of child psychopathology beyond exposure to maternal depression. The study participants were 7,429 mother–offspring pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the UK. Maternal depression was assessed when the children were aged 1.5 years, multiple risk factor exposures were examined between birth and 2 years, and externalising and internalising diagnoses were evaluated when the children were 7.5 years. The findings showed that children of clinically depressed mothers were exposed to more risk factors associated with maternal mental health. Maternal depression increased diagnoses of externalising and internalising disorders, but a substantial portion of these associations was explained by the increased risk factor exposure. These risk exposures significantly increased the odds of both externalising and internalising diagnoses, over and above the influence of maternal depression. These results may explain why treating mothers with depression shows beneficial effects for children, but does not completely neutralise the increased risk of psychopathology and impairment.
The mental health status of Latino children in the public child welfare system: a look at the role of generation and origin
- Authors:
- AYÓN Cecilia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 16(4), November 2011, pp.369-379.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The number of Latino children and families involved with the public child welfare system is steadily increasing. The paper examines the emotional and behavioural needs of Latino children who have had contact with the public child welfare system. The purpose of the study was twofold: to examine the severity of emotional and behavioural problems of these children; and to assess the variations in outcomes by country of origin and generation. Latent growth models were completed using data from the National Survey on Children and Adolescent Well-Being, a national longitudinal study on the well-being of children who were involved in the public child welfare system. The repeated measures of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to assess Latino children’s rate and change in emotional and behavioural problems. The findings revealed that generation status and Latino origin were significant predictors of externalising problems. At baseline, Puerto Rican children exhibited higher rates of externalising problems compared with Mexican children. The rate of change over time varied by generation, children who were first or second generation tended to have lower scores compared with the third-plus generation children. Implications for practise are discussed.
History of interpersonal violence, abuse, and nonvictimization trauma and severity of psychiatric symptoms among children in outpatient psychiatric treatment
- Authors:
- FORD Julian D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(16), November 2011, pp.3316-3337.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Child victims of interpersonal violence are at increased risk of both internalising and externalising psychiatric problems. This study aimed to determine whether specific forms of interpersonal violence were associated with the internalising and externalising psychiatric problems in a clinical sample of child psychiatry outpatients. Study data was collected by chart review of 114 consecutive admissions over a 1-year period at a Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic in the northeastern United States. Data included history of documented maltreatment, potentially traumatic domestic or community violence, neglect or emotional abuse, and noninterpersonal stressors as well as demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and parent-rated child emotional and disruptive behaviour problems. Analysis revealed that any past exposure to interpersonal violence, but not to noninterpersonal traumas, was related to more severe disruptive behaviour problems. Noninterpersonal trauma and psychiatric diagnoses were associated with emotional problems; exposure to interpersonal violence appeared to partially account for this relationship despite not being independently associated with emotional problem severity. The article concludes that a history of exposure to interpersonal violence should be considered in the assessment and treatment planning of children receiving outpatient psychiatric care.