Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 10
Childhood trauma levels in individuals attending adult mental health services: an evaluation of clinical records and structured measurement of childhood trauma
- Authors:
- ROSSITER Amy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 44, 2015, pp.36-45.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Despite an increased awareness regarding the prevalence and impact of childhood trauma, especially childhood sexual abuse (CSA), few studies examine the clinical reporting of such childhood experiences. This study compared the prevalence of childhood trauma recorded in individual's clinical notes to those ascertained with a structured validated questionnaire, examined which forms of childhood trauma were less likely to be reported to the treating mental health team and established which demographic or clinical factors were associated with reporting of childhood trauma. The prevalence of childhood trauma was ascertained using both the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a lifetime retrospective clinical note review in 129 individuals attending a general adult mental health service. Individuals were evaluated for the presence of mental health disorders, impulsivity, symptom severity and disability. Using the CTQ, childhood trauma was noted in 77% of individuals and recorded in 38% of individual's clinical notes. The greatest differences between CTQ reporting and clinical note documentation were noted for emotional neglect (62% versus 13.2%), physical neglect (48.1% versus 5.4%) and CSA (24.8% versus 8.5%). Childhood trauma was associated with increased psychopathology and greater symptom severity, and was particularly prevalent for individuals with personality disorders. This study demonstrated high rates of childhood trauma amongst adults attending a general adult mental health service. Furthermore, we demonstrated high rates of either non-enquiry from mental health professionals and/or high rates of non-documentation of childhood trauma by mental health professionals. Given the disparity between reporting of childhood trauma in clinical notes and findings with the CTQ, the use of a standardised questionnaire for the assessment of childhood trauma should be considered when performing a comprehensive mental health history. (Edited publisher abstract)
An exploration of family violence among the homeless: implications for policy and practice
- Author:
- PARDECK John T.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 4(4), 2005, pp.57-64.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The data for this study were drawn from the case records of clients who received services from a large homeless shelter in a mid-western state in the United States. The research found a high incidence of family violence among homeless people. The most common form of violence was physical; the least common was sexual abuse. The data also reported a high percentage of violence among homeless people confronted with mental illness. The policy and practice implications for these findings are discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Multiple victimizations before and after leaving home associated with PTSD, depression, and substance use disorder among homeless youth
- Authors:
- BENDER Kimberly, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Maltreatment, 20(2), 2015, pp.115-124.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Exposure to multiple forms of maltreatment during childhood is associated with serious mental health consequences among youth in the general population, but limited empirical attention has focused on homeless youth - a population with markedly high rates of childhood maltreatment followed by elevated rates of street victimisation. This study investigated the rates of multiple childhood abuses (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) and multiple street victimisations (robbery, physical assault, and sexual assault) and examined their relative relationships to mental health outcomes (meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and substance use disorder) among a large (N = 601) multisite sample of homeless youth. Approximately 79% of youth retrospectively reported multiple childhood abuses (two or more types) and 28% reported multiple street victimisations (two or more types). Each additional type of street victimisation nearly doubled youths’ odds for meeting criteria for substance use disorder. Furthermore, each additional type of childhood abuse experienced more than doubled youths’ odds for meeting criteria for PTSD. Both multiple abuses and multiple street victimisations were associated with an approximate twofold increase in meeting depression criteria. Findings suggest the need for screening, assessment, and trauma-informed services for homeless youth who consider multiple types of abuse and victimisation experiences. (Edited publisher abstract)
Associations between childhood abuse and interpersonal aggression and suicide attempt among U.S. adults in a national study
- Authors:
- HARFORD Thomas C., YI Hsiao-ye, GRANT Bridget F.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(8), 2014, pp.1389-1398.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study examines associations among childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse and violence toward self (suicide attempts [SA]) and others (interpersonal aggression [IA]). Data were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Waves 1 and 2 in the US (n = 34,653). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between type of childhood abuse and violence categories, adjusting for demographic variables, other childhood adversity, and DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of reported childhood abuse was 4.60% for physical abuse, 7.83% for emotional abuse, and 10.20% for sexual abuse. Approximately 18% of adults reported some form of violent behaviour, distributed as follows: IA, 13.37%; SA, 2.64%; and SA with IA, 1.85%. After adjusting for demographic variables, other childhood adversity, and psychiatric disorders, each type of childhood abuse was significantly related to increased risk for each violence category as compared with the no violence category. Furthermore, the odds ratio of childhood physical abuse was significantly higher for SA with IA when compared with IA, and the odds ratio of childhood sexual abuse was significantly higher for SA and SA with IA when compared with IA. Childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse is directly related to the risk for violent behaviours to self and others. Both internalizing and externalizing psychiatric disorders impact the association between childhood abuse and violence. The inclusion of suicidal behaviours and interpersonal aggression and internalizing/externalizing psychiatric disorders within an integrated conceptual framework will facilitate more effective interventions for long-lasting effects of child abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Childhood abuse and cannabis use among adolescents with mental health needs in Ontario, Canada
- Authors:
- BAIDEN Philip, STEWART Shannon L., Den DUNNEN Wendy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Substance Use, 19(1/2), 2014, pp.18-24.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between childhood abuse (emotional, physical and sexual abuse) and cannabis use among adolescents with mental health needs. Methods: Data on 3681 adolescent in-patients, 12–18 years old, were obtained from the Resident Assessment Instrument for Mental Health (RAI-MH). Using logistic regression, we estimated the odds of using cannabis by adolescents who experienced childhood abuse after controlling for age, gender, Aboriginal origin, problems with addiction, history of criminal justice involvement and symptoms of depression and mania. Results: There were 1844 adolescents, representing 50.1%, who reported using cannabis within the last 12 months. Controlling for demographic and patient characteristics, we found that cannabis use in the past year was strongly associated with childhood sexual and physical abuse. Compared to non-abused females, females who experienced sexual and physical abuse were more likely to have used cannabis. For males, the experience of physical abuse was marginally associated with cannabis use. Conclusion: The current data demonstrate the strong association between childhood sexual and physical abuse and cannabis use with a particularly strong association for females. Efforts aimed at treating cannabis use in adolescents who present with mental health needs should also consider their abuse histories. (Publisher abstract)
High prevalence of childhood emotional, physical and sexual trauma among a Canadian cohort of HIV-seropositive illicit drug users
- Authors:
- WALTON Georgia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 23(6), June 2011, pp.714-721.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of various types of childhood maltreatment (sexual, physical and emotional abuse and physical or emotional neglect) and to examine the links between childhood maltreatment and later health and functioning. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, a 28-item validated instrument, was used to retrospectively assess childhood maltreatment in a community-recruited cohort of adult HIV-seropositive illicit drug users living in Vancouver (n=233; 83 women). Logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between sub-types of childhood maltreatment with various social-demographic, drug-using and clinical characteristics. Moderate or severe emotional childhood abuse was reported by 51.9% of participants, emotional neglect by 36.9%, physical abuse by 51.1%, physical neglect by 46.8% and sexual abuse by 41.6%. Analyses revealed that emotional, physical and sexual abuse were independently associated with greater odds of recent incarceration. Emotional abuse and neglect were independently associated with depression. There was no association between any form of childhood maltreatment and clinical HIV variables, including viral load, CD4+ count and antiretroviral therapy. These results confirm the high prevalence of childhood abuse experienced by HIV positive illicit drug users and the need for evidence-based resources to address the deleterious effect it has on the health and social functioning.
Child maltreatment profiles and adjustment problems in high-risk adolescents
- Authors:
- HAZEN Andrea L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(2), February 2009, pp.361-378.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The purpose of this article is to identify profiles of maltreatment experiences in a sample of high-risk adolescents and to investigate the relationship between the derived profiles and psychological adjustment. Participants are 1,131 youths between the ages of 12 and 18 years involved with publicly funded mental health and social services. Information on physical, sexual, and emotional maltreatment and psychological symptoms are obtained in interviews with adolescents and their primary caregivers. Using latent profile analysis, three maltreatment profiles are identified: "sexual + physical + emotional maltreatment," "physical + emotional maltreatment," and "low maltreatment." Adolescents in the two maltreatment profiles generally have significantly higher scores on symptom scales compared with those in the "low maltreatment" profile, but scores in the two maltreatment profiles do not differ. Findings highlight the need for agencies to identify and provide appropriate intervention for youth who experience multiple types of maltreatment.
Profiles of adult survivors of severe sexual, physical and emotional institutional abuse in Ireland
- Authors:
- FITZPATRICK Mark, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse Review, 19(6), November 2010, pp.387-404.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In this research funded by the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse, 247 adult survivors of severe institutional abuse in Ireland were interviewed with a standard assessment protocol which included instruments which assessed history of child abuse and current psychological functioning. Participants were aged 40 to 83 years, 54.7% were male; on average they had spent 10 years living in an institution and it had been 22-65 years since they had suffered institutional abuse. Profiles were identified for subgroups that described severe sexual (n=60), physical (n=102), or emotional (n=85) abuse as their worst forms of maltreatment. Significant intergroup differences were found for gender, age, length of time living with family before entering an institution, reasons participants believed they were placed in institutions and institutional management. Survivors of severe sexual abuse were found to have the most abnormal profile, which was characterised by higher rates of all forms of child maltreatment and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol and substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, trauma symptoms and life problems. Survivors of severe emotional abuse were better adjusted than the other two groups. The profiles of survivors of severe physical abuse occupied an intermediate position between the other two groups. Implications for future research, practice and policy are discussed. The authors comment that a thorough assessment of abuse history and current functioning should be conducted when providing services to adult survivors of institutional abuse. Survivors of severe sexual abuse may require more intensive services.
Counsellors in health settings
- Editor:
- ETHERINGTON Kim
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 287p.bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Considers some of the key considerations for counsellors in health settings, whether the NHS or voluntary organisations. Issues include multidisciplinary team membership and the struggle to find ways of working ethically and confidentially in these settings; having dual roles (for example counsellor and psychiatrist) and the challenge between the medical and the biopsychological model of health and illness. Particular issues related to the context and environments in which the counsellors practice are also examined. The book shows how relevant theories and research can be applied to examples of good practice.
Assessment of parenting: psychiatric and psychological contributions
- Editors:
- REDER Peter, LUCEY Clare
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 307p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Guide for mental health practitioners and other professionals undertaking complex child care assessments for the courts. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists working in the field advise on how to structure parenting assessments, particularly when deciding whether a child has experienced 'significant harm'. Aims to promote greater integration between various professional assessments.