Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 18
Mental health correlates of intimate partner violence in marital relationships in a nationally representative sample of males and females
- Authors:
- AFIFI Tracie O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(8), August 2009, pp.1398-1417.
- Publisher:
- Sage
It is important to understand the epidemiology of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by both males and females. Data were drawn from the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The relationships between physical IPV and child abuse, mental disorders, and suicidal ideation and attempts among males and females were examined. The results indicate that child sexual abuse was associated with IPV among males, whereas child physical and sexual abuse was associated with IPV among females. IPV was associated with poor mental health outcomes for males and females, although sex differences are noted. The sex differences indicate that females experience a wider range of poor mental health outcomes compared to males. Knowledge about correlates of IPV can be useful in identifying individuals exposed to violence. Further research is required to identify effective methods to reduce exposure to IPV and to adequately address the specific needs of male and female victims of IPV.
Young adult outcomes and mental health problems among transition age youth investigated for maltreatment during adolescence
- Authors:
- SOUTHERLAND Dannia, CASANUEVA Cecilia E., RINGEISEN Heather
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 31(9), September 2009, pp.947-956.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This American study examines the young adult outcomes of a nationally representative cohort of transition age youth who were involved with the Child Welfare System (CWS) during adolescence. The demographic and psychosocial characteristics, risk of mental health problems, and developmental milestones related to young adult outcome among these transition age youth are reported. The effect of risk for mental health problems on young adult outcomes, over and above other psychosocial risk factors were also examined. Many youth were living in poverty, getting married early and already parenting, involved with the criminal justice system and had high levels of mental health need. Being at risk for a mental health problem increased the likelihood of criminal justice system involvement for these youth. Youth transitioning to adulthood with a history of CWS involvement appear to be at risk for negative developmental outcomes. Findings are consistent with previous findings and highlight the risks associated with the transition to adulthood for youth who were involved with the CWS in adolescence.
The relationship between childhood abuse, psychological symptoms and subsequent sex offending
- Author:
- HAYES Susan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), January 2009, pp.96-101.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood abuse, history of psychological and psychiatric symptoms, and patterns of violence in later offending. Twenty sex offenders with intellectual disabilities were compared with 20 non-disabled sex offenders. The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and a structured clinical interview were administered to participants. Offenders with ID were more likely to report that they had been the victim of physical abuse during childhood; aggressive behaviour during adulthood was related to a history of having been the victim of childhood physical abuse, or exposure to family violence. Participants in the ID group were more likely to be diagnosed with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and aggressive behaviour. A history of childhood exposure to violence was related to the development of later symptoms, for both ID and non-disabled offenders. Perpetrators with ID who had been physically abused during their developmental years were significantly more likely to threaten or use violence during the offence. The study suggests that childhood abuse may be related to severity of the crime, and to the development of later psychological and psychiatric symptoms. Longitudinal research in this area and a larger sample size are needed to clarify and extend the present findings.
Pathological dissociation as measured by the child dissociative checklist
- Authors:
- WHERRY Jeffrey N., NEIL Debra A., TAYLOR Tamara N.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18(1), 2009, pp.93-102.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The component structure of the Child Dissociative Checklist was examined among abused children. A factor described as pathological dissociation emerged that was predicted by participants being male. There also were differences in pathological dissociation between groups of sexually abused and physically abused children. Replication of this factor and the establishment of base rates for various groups of children are recommended so that the Child Dissociative Checklist might be used to more effectively eliminate false positives and increase true positives in the screening and ultimate treatment of dissociative children.
Exploring the impact of racial and ethnic differences in the emotional and behavioral responses of maltreated youth: implications for culturally competent services
- Authors:
- HATCHER Schnavia Smith, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 31(9), September 2009, pp.1042-1048.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating influence of race/ethnicity on the relationship between child maltreatment and internalizing symptoms (e.g., affective and somatic problems) and externalizing behavior (e.g., rule breaking behaviour and aggression) among African-American and Caucasian children aged 7 to 12 years old. Using a longitudinal comparison group design and a sample of 190 youth of which 36% had substantiated cases of child maltreatment, results of a structural equation modelling revealed that race/ethnicity did not have a conditioning influence on the link between internalizing and externalizing behaviour among maltreated youth. However, African-American youth's internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviour was consistently significantly higher than their Caucasian counterparts. These findings provide evidence for racial/ethnic differences in the pathways between being child maltreatment and maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Thus, adapting evidence-based strategies that target cultural specific internalizing behaviours and externalizing behaviours among maltreated youth may significantly reduce the risk of short and long-term maladaptive behaviour.
Comparing male and female juveniles charged with homicide: child maltreatment, substance abuse and crime details
- Author:
- ROE-SEPOWITZ Dominique Eve
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(4), April 2009, pp.601-617.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study examines a sample of 136 male and female juveniles charged with attempted homicide or homicide. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences between nondirect file male and female juvenile homicide offenders regarding individual, family, and crime circumstances. Findings suggest that compared to male juvenile offenders, female juvenile homicide offenders have higher rates of reported childhood abuse, more serious substance abuse, and mental health problems including suicidal ideations, depression, anxiety, anger, and irritability. Male juvenile homicide offenders reported higher rates of substance use than their female counterparts but the females had more serious substance abuse problems. Female juveniles were found to more often kill a person known to them and male homicide offenders were found to more often kill a stranger. These findings suggest strongly that male and female juvenile homicide offenders are dissimilar and require unique assessment and treatment.
Mental disorder and adverse life events in a forensic intellectual disability service
- Authors:
- GORE Nick J., DAWSON David L.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Forensic Practice, 11(1), March 2009, pp.8-13.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The study investigated the frequency of adverse life events and prevalence of mental disorder (MD) recorded for clients with intellectual disabilities (ID) in a medium secure unit, using data from an electronic patient record (EPR) system. Prevalence of MD was calculated on the basis of ICD-10 diagnoses and a 38-item checklist was developed to investigate adverse/traumatic life events for sub-samples with and without MD. High rates of MD were reported overall, particularly of schizotypal and delusional disorders and disorders of personality. Adverse life events including abuse, bereavement and relationship difficulties had been documented by clinicians. The overall number of recorded events was significantly higher for clients diagnosed with a MD. Associations between MD and life events have been reported previously, but not in a forensic ID population. The study contributes to a growing body of literature highlighting the relationship between life events and mental health in people with ID, offering further information for service development and clinical practice.
Family relationships in childhood and common psychiatric disorders in later life: systematic review of prospective studies
- Authors:
- WEICH Scott, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(5), May 2009, pp.392-398.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Most evidence for associations between childhood adversity and adult mental illness is retrospective. To evaluate prospective evidence of associations between poor parent–child relationships and common psychiatric disorders in later life. Systematic review of studies published between 1970 and 2008 including: (a) more than 100 participants; (b) measures of relationships in the home during childhood; (c) at least 10 years between assessment of exposures; and (d) measures of anxiety, depression, suicide, suicidal ideation or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Analysis was by narrative synthesis. Twenty-three papers were identified reporting data from 16 cohorts. Abusive relationships predicted depression, anxiety and PTSD. Maternal emotional unavailability in early life predicted suicide attempts in adolescence. Results of studies investigating less severe relationship problems were suggestive but not conclusive of causal association, due partly to methodological heterogeneity. Given the prevalence and disabling nature of common psychiatric problems, these studies highlight the need to minimise harm associated with dysfunctional parent–child relationships.
The young mind
- Editors:
- BAILEY Sue, SHOOTER Mike, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- Bantam Press
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 388p.
- Place of publication:
- London
It is estimated that the number of children and young adults affected by mental health problems has almost doubled in one generation; statistics suggest that there are now millions of young sufferers. Two child psychiatrists bring together the contributions of 30 professionals in a practical guide to the emotional development of children and adolescents and provide accessible information for concerned parents, teachers and young adults themselves. The book is divided into six parts: growing up; parenting, school; emotional health; serious disorders; contexts causes and effects; and treatments and therapies. Chapters look specifically, although relatively briefly, at some of the most distressing issues facing young people today including, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, stress disorders, behaviour problems drugs, alcohol, self-harm, psycho-sexual development, obsessions and dealing with loss. Each chapter signposts the reader to further help and support. The book has been recommended as an excellent first point of reference for parents and teachers.
Exploring the psychosocial and behavioural adjustment outcomes of multi-type abuse among homeless young adults
- Author:
- FERGUSON Kristin M.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Research, 33(4), December 2009, pp.219-230.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article explores the psychosocial and behavioural adjustment outcomes associated with verbal, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse among homeless young adults as well as the associations among abuse types. Convenience sampling was used to select 28 homeless young adults (ages 18 to 24) from one drop-in centre. Overall, subjects experienced high rates of direct abuse (that is, verbal, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) and indirect abuse (that is, witnessing family verbal and physical abuse). Chi-square tests revealed that proportions of clinical depression, internalising and externalising behaviours, alcohol use, and foster care history were higher among subjects who experienced abuse than among those without reported abuse histories. The findings suggest that homeless young adults experience coexisting types of direct and indirect abuse, which can negatively influence outcomes related to their psychosocial functioning and behavioural adjustment. An inclusive multi-type abuse approach, with both direct and indirect abuse types, is needed to draw accurate conclusions regarding the effects of each specific abuse type on homeless young adults' psychological and behavioural adjustment.