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Psychological defense styles, childhood adversities and psychopathology in adulthood
- Authors:
- NICKEL R., EGLE U.T.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(2), February 2006, pp.157-170.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The present study explores the link between reported sexual and/or physical abuse and psychological defence styles, as well as the association of both with psychological distress in adulthood. In two patient samples that differ in psychological distress and somatization, the authors examine whether the adversities reported and immature defence styles are associated with psychopathological symptoms. Two hundred and sixty six consecutive inpatients in the psychosomatic department and 109 consecutive inpatients who had been treated for low-back pain in the orthopaedic department of a German university hospital were examined. Psychological defence styles were assessed by a two-factor solution of the German modified adaptation of the Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI), childhood adversities by a structured interview, psychological distress by the SCL-90-R, and somatization by the Screening for Somatoform Disorders (SOMS). Both samples demonstrated a significant link between immature defence styles and the extent of overall psychological distress as well as somatization. Reported sexual and/or physical abuse of patients in both patient samples was directly associated with somatization. It is concluded that recollections of sexual and/or physical abuse in childhood and immature defence styles have an association with psychopathology in adulthood. This finding suggests that immature defence styles may act, in part, as mediators between the adversities investigated and adult psychopathology.
Psychological symptoms of sexually victimized children and adolescents compared with other maltreatment subtypes
- Authors:
- MUNZER Annika, FEGERT Jörg M., GOLDBECK Lutz
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(3), 2016, pp.326-346.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The differential effects of sexual victimisation and other forms of maltreatment on psychological functioning are not well understood. A sample of sexually victimised children and adolescents (N = 70; 6.3–17.9 years) and a group of youth with a history of nonsexual maltreatment (N = 108; 6.7–16.9 years) were compared using measures of mental health and psychosocial functioning. Assessments included standardised clinical interviews on individual maltreatment history and current psychopathology as well as questionnaires on behavioural and emotional symptoms, including posttraumatic stress symptoms. The results from this study suggest that the risk of experiencing any current mental disorders was independent of type of maltreatment. The risk of meeting the criteria for a current diagnosis of major depression, however, is greater among youth with a history of maltreatment that includes sexual victimisation. The significant impact of sexual victimisation on posttraumatic stress symptoms was found to be nonsignificant after controlling for age and gender effects. The results indicate that the outcomes of child maltreatment depend on type of maltreatment, but age and gender must be taken into account. (Edited publisher abstract)
Key issues in cross-cultural psychology: selected papers from the Twelfth International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology held in Pamplona-Iruna, Navarra, Spain
- Editors:
- GRAD Hector, BLANCO Amalio, GEAORGAS James
- Publisher:
- Swets and Zeitlinger
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 386p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
Comparative study looking at a wide range of psychological issues worldwide. Contains papers divided into 6 sections: conceptual and methodological issues; consequences of acculturation; cognitive processes; values; social psychology; and personality, developmental psychology, and health psychology.