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Variations in emotional abuse experiences among multiply maltreated young adolescents and relations with developmental outcomes
- Authors:
- TRICKETT Penelope K., KIM Kihyun, PRINDLE John
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(10), October 2011, pp.876-886.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Previous research has suggested that emotional abuse very often overlaps with other types of child maltreatment. The aim of this study was to explore patterns of overlapping types of child maltreatment. The sample was 303 ethnically diverse male and female youth identified as maltreated by the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services. Information about the maltreatment experiences was obtained using data from case records abstraction. Cluster analysis was conducted using the categorisation of 4 types of abuse: physical (PA), sexual (SA), emotional abuse (EA), and neglect (NE). The results were ordered to focus on emotional abuse. The findings identified 4 clusters of child maltreatment experiences (no EA, EA+PA, EA+PA+NE, and EA+PA+NE+SA). The different clusters of child maltreatment were compared on the multiple outcomes such as mental health, behaviour problems, self-perception, and cognitive development. Different clusters were differentially associated with multiple outcome measures. In general, multiply-maltreated youth fared worst, especially when the cluster involved sexual abuse. Also, sex differences were found in these associations, with boys who experienced multiple types of maltreatment showing more difficulties than girls. These results reiterate the importance of creating more complex models of child maltreatment.
Impact of childhood abuse: biopsychosocial pathways through which adult mental health is compromised
- Author:
- COATES Dominiek
- Journal article citation:
- Australian Social Work, 63(4), December 2010, pp.391-403.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The relationship between childhood abuse and adult mental and physical health problems is well documented. Over the lifespan of victims of child abuse, social, psychological and biological consequences of abuse interact in complex ways. This paper applies a biopsychosocial model to the experiences of adult victims of child abuse to examine and make sense of the complex and varied impacts of child abuse. The long-term difficulties experienced by adult victims of child abuse are discussed in relation to the neuro-biological impacts of child abuse on the child's developing brain. The impact of child abuse on neuro-endocrine functioning and the structure of the brain are explored. A number of implications for social work practice are outlined.
Modeling life course pathways from adverse childhood experiences to adult mental health
- Authors:
- JONES Tiffany M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 80, 2018, pp.32-40.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Although the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adult mental health is becoming well established, less is known about the complex and multiple pathways through which ACEs exert their influence. Growing evidence suggests that adversity early in life conveys not only early impacts, but also augments risk of stress-related life course cascades that continue to undermine health. The present study aims to test pathways of stress proliferation and stress embodiment processes linking ACEs to mental health impairment in adulthood. Data are from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, a representative sample of Washington State adults ages 18 and over (N = 14,001). Structural equation modeling allowed for testing of direct and indirect effects from ACEs though low income status, experiences of adversity in adulthood, and social support. The model demonstrated that adult low income, social support and adult adversity are in fact conduits through which ACEs exert their influence on mental health impairment in adulthood. Significant indirect pathways through these variables supported hypotheses that the effect of ACEs is carried through these variables. This is among the first models that demonstrates multiple stress-related life course pathways through which early life adversity compromises adult mental health. Discussion elaborates multiple service system opportunities for intervention in early and later life to interrupt direct and indirect pathways of ACE effects. (Edited publisher abstract)
Pathways from social support to service use among caregivers at risk of child maltreatment
- Author:
- KANG Jiyoung
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), May 2012, pp.933-939.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Caregivers at risk of maltreating their children have different needs for services that would help them provide safe environments for their children. The purpose of this study was to test pathways from social support to service use among caregivers at risk of child maltreatment. The proposed model of pathways to service use involved 4 mediating variables: family functioning; psychosomatic problems; child maltreatment allegation; and perceived needs. The study used data for 1000 caregivers from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) study. The findings showed that social support exerted indirect effects on at-risk caregivers' service use. The proposed model fitted the data well, and supported some of the hypothesised pathways. The effect of social support on service use was mediated by family functioning and psychosomatic symptoms, which in turn was associated with caregivers' perceived needs for outside assistance for a personal or emotional problem. The hypothesised pathways from perceived family functioning and psychosomatic symptoms through child maltreatment allegation report were not supported. The study's findings contribute to understanding the role that social support can play in caregivers' seeking service use for emotional or personal problems.
Why do some maltreated youth become juvenile offenders? A call for further investigation and adaptation of youth services
- Author:
- BENDER Kimberley
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 32(3), March 2010, pp.466-473.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Experiencing maltreatment is an established risk factor for delinquency. The pattern whereby victimised children commit subsequent violence or delinquent behaviour has been termed the Cycle of Violence, but little is known about how this cycle is perpetuated. Development of services that effectively prevent maltreated youth from becoming delinquent is contingent upon a more comprehensive model explicating the experiences youth face on their paths from maltreatment to delinquency. This paper utilises the latest empirical evidence to propose a diagram detailing pathways from maltreatment to delinquency through potential intervening risk factors, including substance abuse, mental health problems, school difficulties, negative peer networks, and running away from home. Hypothesised gender differences in pathways from maltreatment to delinquency are delineated. Implications for adaptation of child welfare and juvenile justice services to address the link between maltreatment and delinquency are discussed. The paper calls for testing and refining of the proposed pathways from maltreatment to delinquency in order to advance understanding of these complex relationships.
Child protection and mental health services: interprofessional responses to the needs of mothers
- Authors:
- STANLEY Nicky, et al
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 148p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Bristol
Health and social care professionals are constantly exhorted to work collaboratively. This book reports on research which examines interprofessional work with families in which mothers have a mental health problem and where there are also concerns about child protection. Breakdowns in interprofessional collaboration, issues of risk and relevant resources are all addressed. Mothers' views and experiences are contrasted with professional perspectives. This book: reports on a survey of 500 practitioners working in health, social services and the voluntary sector; presents data from in-depth interviews with mothers with severe mental health problems; identifies weaknesses in interprofessional coordination in this area of work; and suggests a new model for work with families where mental health problems and child protection concerns co-exist.
Trauma models of the effects of childhood maltreatment
- Author:
- PUTNAM Frank W.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 2(1), 1998, pp.51-66.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Discusses trauma models of child maltreatment effects with emphasis on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and the degree to which it fails to account for many salient symptoms and behaviours associated with maltreatment and victimisation in children and adults. Presents research to support the idea that posttraumatic stress disorder is best conceptualised as a dimensional outcome rather than a categorical all-or-none diagnosis. Argues that the PTSD model(s) needs to be either expanded to correct deficiencies or to be integrated into a larger model of the effects of trauma and victimisation.
A coping model of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse
- Author:
- DRAUCKER Burke Claire
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10(2), June 1995, pp.159-175.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Reports the test of a casual model that identifies relationships among sexual abuse situation characteristics, based on Finkelhor and Browne's traumagenic model of childhood sexual abuse; the accomplishment of cognitive coping tasks, based on Taylor's theory of cognitive adaptation; and long-term effects.
The Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM): conceptual and practical issues in a group intervention for women
- Authors:
- FALLOT Roger D., HARRIS Maxine
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 38(6), December 2002, pp.475-485.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This article describes the Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM), a manualized group intervention designed for women trauma survivors with severe mental disorders, and discusses key issues in its conceptualization and implementation. TREM recognizes the complexity of long-term adaptation to trauma and addresses a range of difficulties common among survivors of sexual and physical abuse. Focusing primarily on the development of specific recovery skills and current functioning, TREM utilizes techniques shown to be effective in trauma recovery services. The group's content and structure are also informed by the role of gender in the ways women experience and cope with trauma.