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Questionable validity of 'dissociative amnesia' in trauma victims
- Authors:
- POPE Harrison, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, March 1998, pp.210-215.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Reviews evidence from prospective studies to test whether individuals can develop amnesia for traumatic experiences, a process variously termed ' repression', ' dissociative amnesia' or psychogenic amnesia'. Finds that prospective data as yet to fail to demonstrate that individuals can develop dissociative amnesia for traumatic events.
Incest, false accusations of incest and false denials of incest. Discerning the truth in the debate about recovered memory
- Author:
- MOLLON Phil
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 5(2), April 1996, pp.167-172.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
The issue of recovered memory is a focus of intense attention and concern. Towards the end of 1980's, with the increased awareness of the prevalence of child abuse, and also a greater understanding of post-traumatic stress disorders, a new perspective emerged of the trauma-based nature of some severe mental pathologies, such as borderline personality disorders. This shift in understanding was found to have taken a catastrophic turn as it was realised that some memories of child abuse may be pseudomemories. However, allegations and counterallegations of abuse are often so irreconcilable that a common experience of the detached observer is one of confusion. This paper presents review arguments and evidence of the FMS societies.
The effects of adult depression on the recollection of adverse childhood experiences
- Authors:
- FRAMPTON Nina M.A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 86, 2018, pp.45-54.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to numerous negative physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. As such, self-report questionnaires that assess for ACEs are increasingly used in healthcare settings. However, previous research has generated some concern over the reliability of retrospective reports of childhood adversity, and it has been proposed that symptoms of depression may increase recall of negative memories. To investigate the stability of ACE scores over time and whether they are influenced by symptoms of depression, we recruited 284 participants (M age = 40.96, SD = 16.05) from primary care clinics. Participants completed self-report measures of depression and ACEs twice, three months apart. The test-retest reliability of ACEs was very high (r = .91, p < .001). A cross-lagged panel analysis indicated that PHQ-9 scores at Time 1 were not predictive of changes in ACE scores at Time 2 (β = 0.00, p = .96). Results of this study indicate that changes in symptoms of depression do not correspond with changes in ACE scores among adults. This study provides support for the stability and reliability of ACE scores over time, regardless of depression status, and suggests that ACE measures are appropriate for use in healthcare settings. (Publisher abstract)
Resistance: a ritual abuse survivor speaks out
- Author:
- SMITH Mary
- Publisher:
- SAFE
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 79p.
- Place of publication:
- Salisbury
The author describes how she recovered memories of ritual abuse and realized that she suffered from depression through dream interpretation during therapy three years ago. She is now in her 50s and is firmly convinced that her parents and extended family had "practised gang-rape, torture, often with electric shocks, murder, mutilation." She claims that at the age of 14, she was held with other girls in underground dungeons. When they became pregnant and gave birth, their babies were taken away and they were forced to act in pornographic movies.
Explaining the forgetting and recovery of abuse and trauma memories: possible mechanisms
- Authors:
- EPSTEIN Michele A., BOTTOMS Bette L.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Maltreatment, 7(3), August 2002, pp.210-225.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Much attention has been focused on memories of abuse that are allegedly forgotten or repressed then recovered. By retrospectively surveying more than 1,400 college women, the authors investigated the frequency with which temporary forgetting is reported for child sexual abuse experiences as opposed to other childhood abuse and traumas and exactly how victims characterize their forgetting experiences in terms of various competing cognitive mechanisms. Rates of forgetting were similar among victims who experienced sexual abuse, physical abuse, and multiple types of traumas. Victims of other types of childhood traumas (e.g., car accidents) reported less forgetting than victims of childhood sexual abuse or multiple types of trauma. Most victims' characterizations of their forgetting experiences were not indicative of repression in the classic Freudian sense but instead suggested other more common mechanisms, such as directed forgetting and relabeling.
The veridicality of punitive childhood experiences reported by adolescents and young adults
- Authors:
- PRESCOTT Alison, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 24(3), March 2000, pp.411-423.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This American research aims to determine whether retrospective reports of childhood disciplinary experiences and perceptions of that discipline correspond to actual childhood events and whether the accuracy of that report was influenced by the affective state of the respondent. Adolescents completed a retrospective measure of physical child maltreatment, naturalistically in their homes interacting with their parents an average of ten years earlier. Analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that both current mood and actual observations of parent-child interactions during childhood predict self-reported recollections of childhood maltreatment by one's parents. Further the veridicality of such recollections appears to depend upon the objective specificity versus the perceptive nature of the question used to elicit the recollections. The findings suggest that assessment instruments suitable for obtaining information regarding earlier childhood victimisation must utilise behaviourally, specific items. Thus, items that are either global or intimate a normative comparison should be avoided.