Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Are children and adolescents in foster care at greater risk of mental health problems than their counterparts? A meta-analysis
- Authors:
- DUBOIS-COMTOIS Karine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 127, 2021, p.106100.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This meta-analysis aims at comparing mental health problems of children in foster care to those living with their biological parents while taking in consideration different protective and risk factors. Across 41 studies with a total of 72 independent effect sizes, a significant but small effect size was found between foster care placement and psychopathology (d = 0.19). Children in foster care showed higher levels of psychopathology compared to those from community samples or matched/at-risk samples. They were as likely to show mental health problems as maltreated children living with their biological parents or children from clinical samples. Results showed that foster children’s mental health problems also varied as a function of type of placement and study methodological characteristics. Being placed in kinship care, longer stay in the same foster home and fewer placement disruptions, all acted as protective factors limiting mental health problems of children in foster care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Characteristics of difficult-to-place youth in state custody: a profile of the Exceptional Care Pilot Project population
- Authors:
- ARMOUR Marilyn P., SCHWAB James
- Journal article citation:
- Child Welfare Journal, 86(3), May 2007, pp.71-96.
- Publisher:
- Child Welfare League of America
This study examines the characteristics of 43 young people in Texas designated as 'most difficult to place' recipients of service under the "Exceptional Care Pilot Project". Findings include high levels of comorbid psychiatric disturbance, physical and sexual maltreatment, and placement breakdowns. This initial profile of the population provides a base for helping to identify and plan for the needs of troubled young people.
Abnormal emotional processing in maltreated children diagnosed of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Author:
- BERTO Clara
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 73, 2017, pp.45-50.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Maltreated children usually show a specific pattern of emotional and behavioural symptoms that exceed those relating to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms have been defined as Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The underlying attentional mechanisms of abnormal emotional processing and their relation to the clinical presentation of CPTSD are not well understood. A visual dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive (i.e., 500 ms) and attentive (i.e., 1500 ms) presentation rates of neutral versus emotional (i.e., angry, happy or sad) facial expressions was applied. Twenty-one maltreated CPTSD children were compared with twenty-six controls. The results are as follows: an attention bias away from threatening faces and an attentional bias towards sad faces were observed in maltreated CPTSD children during pre-attentive and attentive processing. Whereas the attentional bias away from angry faces was associated with social problems, the attentional bias towards sad faces was associated with depressive and withdrawn symptoms. Therefore, CPTSD children develop maladaptive negative cognitive styles, which may underlie not only social problems (by a cognitive avoidance of threatening stimuli) but also depressive symptoms (by a cognitive approach to sad stimuli). Attention processing abnormalities should be considered as therapeutic targets for new treatment approaches in this population. (Publisher abstract)
Mental health and behavioral outcomes of sexual and nonsexual child maltreatment among child welfare-involved youth
- Authors:
- O'BRIEN Jennifer E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(5), 2016, pp.483-503.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Using the nationally representative US National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II, this study explores the differences in mental health and behavioural outcomes between children who enter the child welfare system with substantiated sexual abuse and those who enter with exclusively nonsexual maltreatment. The sample included 380 children between the ages of 8 to 17.5 who were substantiated for maltreatment (sexual and nonsexual) and had the same caregivers at both wave 1 and 2 (n = 380). Results show that the average age of children in the sample was 11 years old, and the results corroborate literature that has indicated children and youth with histories of childhood sexual abuse experience significantly more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms than children with histories of nonsexual maltreatment. This finding held after controlling for baseline trauma symptoms and all covariates, including race, age, placement type, and caregiver characteristics. Childhood sexual abuse was not significantly related to an increase in behavioural symptoms after controlling for covariates. Implications for research and practice are offered. (Edited publisher abstract)
History of interpersonal violence, abuse, and nonvictimization trauma and severity of psychiatric symptoms among children in outpatient psychiatric treatment
- Authors:
- FORD Julian D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(16), November 2011, pp.3316-3337.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Child victims of interpersonal violence are at increased risk of both internalising and externalising psychiatric problems. This study aimed to determine whether specific forms of interpersonal violence were associated with the internalising and externalising psychiatric problems in a clinical sample of child psychiatry outpatients. Study data was collected by chart review of 114 consecutive admissions over a 1-year period at a Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic in the northeastern United States. Data included history of documented maltreatment, potentially traumatic domestic or community violence, neglect or emotional abuse, and noninterpersonal stressors as well as demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and parent-rated child emotional and disruptive behaviour problems. Analysis revealed that any past exposure to interpersonal violence, but not to noninterpersonal traumas, was related to more severe disruptive behaviour problems. Noninterpersonal trauma and psychiatric diagnoses were associated with emotional problems; exposure to interpersonal violence appeared to partially account for this relationship despite not being independently associated with emotional problem severity. The article concludes that a history of exposure to interpersonal violence should be considered in the assessment and treatment planning of children receiving outpatient psychiatric care.
Antenatal depression and offspring psychopathology: the influence of childhood maltreatment
- Authors:
- PAWLBY Susan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(2), August 2011, pp.106-112.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Prior research has shown that antenatal depression and childhood maltreatment have each been associated with offspring psychopathology. However, they have never been investigated in the same sample. This study examined whether childhood maltreatment influences the association between antenatal depression and offspring psychopathology. Participants included 120 mother–offspring dyads from the community-based South London Child Development Study. Data included offspring maltreatment up to age 11, and offspring psychopathology aged 11 to 16. Findings revealed that antenatal depression increased the risk of maltreatment in the offspring by almost four times. Children exposed only to antenatal depression or only to childhood maltreatment were no more at risk of developing psychopathology; however, children exposed to both antenatal depression and childhood maltreatment were 12 times more likely to develop psychopathology. Research investigating exposure to adverse events in utero and offspring psychopathology should take account of postnatal adverse events such as maltreatment. Future research should investigate how antenatal and childhood event contribute to biological changes that increase the risk of adult psychopathology.
Exploring the impact of racial and ethnic differences in the emotional and behavioral responses of maltreated youth: implications for culturally competent services
- Authors:
- HATCHER Schnavia Smith, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 31(9), September 2009, pp.1042-1048.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating influence of race/ethnicity on the relationship between child maltreatment and internalizing symptoms (e.g., affective and somatic problems) and externalizing behavior (e.g., rule breaking behaviour and aggression) among African-American and Caucasian children aged 7 to 12 years old. Using a longitudinal comparison group design and a sample of 190 youth of which 36% had substantiated cases of child maltreatment, results of a structural equation modelling revealed that race/ethnicity did not have a conditioning influence on the link between internalizing and externalizing behaviour among maltreated youth. However, African-American youth's internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviour was consistently significantly higher than their Caucasian counterparts. These findings provide evidence for racial/ethnic differences in the pathways between being child maltreatment and maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Thus, adapting evidence-based strategies that target cultural specific internalizing behaviours and externalizing behaviours among maltreated youth may significantly reduce the risk of short and long-term maladaptive behaviour.
New York State residential treatment center admissions: differences in histories of maltreatment, behavioral problems, and mental health problems
- Authors:
- BAKER Amy J.L., PURCELL James F.
- Journal article citation:
- Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 22(3), 2005, pp.39-53.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study explored how the histories of young people entering residential treatment in New York State varied depending upon the age and gender of the residents. Specifically, the study asked whether children who were admitted to residential treatment centers (RTCs) under 12 years of age had a different set of characteristics than young persons who were 12 years and older when admitted (and whether boys had different characteristics than girls). Three sets of characteristics were examined: history of maltreatment, history of behavioural problems, and history of mental health problems. One-fourth of the admissions in FY 2001 was randomly selected from a sample of 16 RTCs. A review of agency records provided the information to complete the standardized data collection instrument. The results revealed statistically significant patterns of associations by age and gender. As populations shift within agencies and across time, knowledge of the characteristics associated with various age and gender groups can be used to facilitate agency planning and training of staff members. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
The mental health of mothers of physically abused children: the relationship with children's behavioural problems - report from Japan
- Authors:
- TAKEI Tsuneo, YAMASHITA Hiroshi, YOSHIDA Keiko
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse Review, 15(3), May 2006, pp.204-218.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Compares the mental health of mothers with the mental health of their physically abused children over the last twenty years.
Juvenile sexual offending: one-year period prevalence study within Oxfordshire
- Authors:
- JAMES A.C., NEIL P.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(6), June 1996, pp.477-485.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
An epidemiological survey using a postal questionnaire revealed a 1-year period prevalence rate of 1.5 official juvenile sexual offenders per 1,000 aged 12-17 within Oxfordshire. The majority of sexually abusive youth were male, with a family history of neglect, physical, and/or sexual abuse. Behavioural and psychological problems were common.