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Childhood abuse, adult interpersonal abuse, and depression in individuals with extreme obesity
- Authors:
- SALWEN Jessica K., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(3), 2014, pp.425-433.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study sought to examine (a) a mediational model of childhood abuse, adult interpersonal abuse, and depressive symptoms and (b) the impact of weight-related teasing on rates and correlates of childhood abuse. Charts of 187 extremely obese individuals seeking psychological clearance for bariatric (weight-loss) surgery were retrospectively examined. Among the participants, 61% reported a history of childhood abuse, 30.5% reported adult interpersonal abuse, and 15% reported clinically significant depressive symptoms. Initially, the relationship between childhood abuse and current depressive symptoms was significant (p < .001). However, the introduction of adult interpersonal abuse as a mediator in the model reduced the magnitude of its significance (Sobel's test p = .01). The associations between childhood abuse and adult interpersonal abuse and between adult interpersonal abuse and depressive symptoms were significant (p < .001 and p = .002, respectively), and the model showed a good fit across multiple indices. Finally, weight-related teasing was a significant moderator in the relationship between childhood and adult interpersonal abuse. Bariatric surgery patients report elevated rates of childhood abuse that are comparable to rates in psychiatric populations (e.g., eating disorders, depression), and higher than those in community samples and other medical populations. The relationship between child abuse and depressive symptomatology may be partially explained by the presence of adult interpersonal abuse; additionally, the relationship between childhood and adult interpersonal abuse was stronger for those who did not endure weight-related teasing than for those who did. (Publisher abstract)
Hospital behind high walls
- Author:
- ALLEN Daniel
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 27.2.97, 1997, pp.10-11.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Reports on how just five years after a damning inquiry into alleged abuse of patients at Ashworth special hospital, claims of child abuse and the discovery of pornography have led to the suspension of the chief executive and another inquiry, calls are growing for the break-up of the special hospitals.
Incidence and predictors of mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prospective study
- Authors:
- SMILEY E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 191(10), October 2007, pp.313-319.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The point prevalence of mental ill-health among adults with intellectual disabilities is 40.9%, but its incidence is unknown. The aim was to determine the incidence and possible predictors of mental ill-health. Prospective cohort study to measure mental ill-health in adults with mild to profound intellectual disabilities. Cohort retention was 70% (n=651). The 2-year incidence of mental ill-health was 16.3% (12.6% excluding problem behaviours, and 4.6% for problem behaviours) and the standardised incidence ratio was 1.87 (95% CI1.51–2.28). Factors related to incident mental ill-health have some similarities with those in the general population, but also important differences. Type of accommodation and support, previous mental ill-health, urinary incontinence, not having impaired mobility, more severe intellectual disabilities, adult abuse, parental divorce in childhood and preceding life events predicted incident ill-health; however, deprivation, other childhood abuse or adversity, daytime occupation, and marital and smoking status did not. This is a first step towards intervention trials, and identifying subpopulations for more proactive measures. Public health strategy and policy that is appropriate for this population should be developed.
Recent stressful life events, sexual revictimization, and their relationship with traumatic stress symptoms among women sexually abused in childhood
- Authors:
- CLASSON Catherine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(12), December 2002, pp.1274-1290.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This cross-sectional study examined whether previous life stressors are associated with current traumatic stress symptoms in women who were sexually abused in childhood. Fifty-eight treatment-seeking women, sexually abused in childhood and meeting criteria for current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in response to their childhood sexual abuse, participated in this study. Participants were administered a structured interview to assess PTSD as well as self-report measures to assess acute stress reactions, other trauma-related symptoms, sexual revictimization as an adult, and recent stressful life events. Recent stressful life events were shown to be associated with PTSD symptoms, acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms, and other trauma-related symptoms. Sexual revictimization was associated with trauma-related symptoms but not PTSD symptoms or ASD symptoms.
Institutional abuse: perspectives across the life course
- Editors:
- STANLEY Nicky, MANTHORPE Jill, PENHALE Bridget
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 242p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Brings together a number of different accounts of institutional abuse from academics and researchers. Uses a life course perspective and looks at four areas: children, adults with learning difficulties, adults with mental health problems, and older people. Each section includes a critical overview, analysis of current research and a chapter reporting on users' experiences of abuse. Aims to develop an understanding of how institutional abuse can be prevented and survivors' needs can be met.