Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Physical punishment, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders
- Authors:
- AFIFI Tracie O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(10), October 2006, pp.1093-1103.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Physical punishment, as a means of disciplining children, may be considered a mild form of childhood adversity. Although many outcomes of physical punishment have been investigated, little attention has been given to the impact of physical punishment on later adult psychopathology. Also, it has been stated that physical punishment by a loving parent is not associated with negative outcomes; however, this theory has not been empirically tested with regard to psychiatric disorders. The main objective of the present study was to investigate three categories of increasing severity of childhood adversity (no physical punishment or abuse, physical punishment only, and child abuse) to examine whether the childhood experience of physical punishment alone was associated with adult psychopathology, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and parental bonding dimensions. Data were drawn from the nationally representative National Comorbidity Survey (NCS, n = 5,877; age 15–54 years; response rate 82.4%). Binary logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the odds of experiencing psychiatric disorders. Physical punishment was associated with increased odds of major depression, alcohol abuse/dependence, and externalizing problems in adulthood after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and parental bonding dimensions. Individuals experiencing physical punishment only were at increased odds of adult psychopathology compared to those experiencing no physical punishment/abuse and at decreased odds when compared to those who were abused. Physical punishment is a mild form of childhood adversity that shows an association with adult psychopathology.
Childhood abuse and neglect in body dysmorphic disorder
- Authors:
- DIDIE Elizabeth R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(10), October 2006, pp.1105-1115.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
No published studies have examined childhood abuse and neglect in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This study examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of abuse and neglect in individuals with this disorder. Seventy-five subjects (69.3% female, mean age = 35.4 ± 12.0) with DSM-IV BDD completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and were interviewed with other reliable and valid measures. Of these subjects, 78.7% reported a history of childhood maltreatment: emotional neglect (68.0%), emotional abuse (56.0%), physical abuse (34.7%), physical neglect (33.3%), and sexual abuse (28.0%). Forty percent of subjects reported severe maltreatment. Among females (n = 52), severity of reported abuse and neglect were .32–.57 standard deviation units higher than norms for a health maintenance organization (HMO) sample of women. Severity of sexual abuse was the only type of maltreatment significantly associated with current BDD severity. However, severity of sexual abuse did not predict current BDD severity in a simultaneous multiple regression analysis with age and current treatment status. There were other significant associations with childhood maltreatment: history of attempted suicide was related to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Childhood emotional abuse was associated with a lifetime substance use disorder, and physical abuse was negatively associated with a lifetime mood disorder. A high proportion of individuals with BDD reported childhood abuse and neglect. Certain types of abuse and neglect appear modestly associated with BDD symptom severity and with gender, suicidality, and certain disorders.
Psychological defense styles, childhood adversities and psychopathology in adulthood
- Authors:
- NICKEL R., EGLE U.T.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(2), February 2006, pp.157-170.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The present study explores the link between reported sexual and/or physical abuse and psychological defence styles, as well as the association of both with psychological distress in adulthood. In two patient samples that differ in psychological distress and somatization, the authors examine whether the adversities reported and immature defence styles are associated with psychopathological symptoms. Two hundred and sixty six consecutive inpatients in the psychosomatic department and 109 consecutive inpatients who had been treated for low-back pain in the orthopaedic department of a German university hospital were examined. Psychological defence styles were assessed by a two-factor solution of the German modified adaptation of the Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI), childhood adversities by a structured interview, psychological distress by the SCL-90-R, and somatization by the Screening for Somatoform Disorders (SOMS). Both samples demonstrated a significant link between immature defence styles and the extent of overall psychological distress as well as somatization. Reported sexual and/or physical abuse of patients in both patient samples was directly associated with somatization. It is concluded that recollections of sexual and/or physical abuse in childhood and immature defence styles have an association with psychopathology in adulthood. This finding suggests that immature defence styles may act, in part, as mediators between the adversities investigated and adult psychopathology.
The mental health of mothers of physically abused children: the relationship with children's behavioural problems - report from Japan
- Authors:
- TAKEI Tsuneo, YAMASHITA Hiroshi, YOSHIDA Keiko
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse Review, 15(3), May 2006, pp.204-218.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Compares the mental health of mothers with the mental health of their physically abused children over the last twenty years.
Child abuse and disability in an Ontario community sample: does social capital matter?
- Authors:
- TONMYR Lil, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 8(2), May 2006, pp.23-30.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Researchers have established a link between abuse and physical and mental disability , but most abused individuals do not experience disability. While some survivors are severely harmed by their experiences of abuse other survivors of similar exposure appear to have no long-term health problems. The study examines whether the presence of social capital accounts for these differences. Cross-sectional data from the Ontario Health Supplement were used to assess the association between child abuse, age, social capital (social connections and disruptions in living circumstances and relationships), cultural capital (education and occupation) and financial capital (money) and disability in a female community sample of 4,238. The results suggest that abuse (physical and sexual) and financial capital are associated with disability, but not social capital.
Child abuse in religiously-affiliated institutions: long-term impact on men's mental health
- Authors:
- WOLFE David A., FRANCIS Karen J., STRAATMAN Anna-Lee
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(2), February 2006, pp.205-212.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This clinical study reports on the psychological functioning of 76 men with substantiated claims against a residential religiously-affiliated institution for multiple and severe incidents of sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse during childhood. Each participant received a clinical interview and was administered psychological tests and a structured interview for DSM-IV diagnoses. The same clinician completed all of the assessments. DSM-IV criteria were met for current PTSD (42%), alcohol (21%), and mood-related disorders (25%). Over one-third of the sample suffered chronic sexual problems, and over one half had a history of criminal behaviour. The clinical findings provide direction for assessing victims of historical abuse, and underscore the importance of awareness, prevention, and treatment needs for those who have been abused in institutional settings. Conclusions are limited due to participants’ involvement in civil action, unknown pre-existing conditions, and the lack of a suitable comparison group.
Former Stockholm child protection cases as young adults: do outcomes differ between those that received services and those that did not?
- Authors:
- VINNERLJUNG Bo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 28(1), January 2006, pp.59-77.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study reports on outcomes in young adulthood for previous CPA clients, by examining the prevalence of teenage parenthood, criminal offences, hospitalizations for psychiatric diagnoses, and self-support problems in a representative sample of subjects born 1968 to 1975, that resided in Stockholm (Sweden) their entire childhood, from birth to age 18. In this sample, 161 were previous CPA service receivers (service group) 110 were referred to the CPA during childhood but did not receive services (non-service group), and 1961 never had any known contact with the CPA (majority population). Almost every second man (45%) and woman (45%) in the service group had at least one negative outcome, compared to 37% of the men and 25% of the women in the non-service group, and 14–21% of the men and 7–12% of women in the majority population. Multiple regressions suggest that the impact of CPA services was scant, accounting for 1–14% of the variance of outcome variables. The results point to the potential value of including unsubstantiated cases of child maltreatment in follow-up studies of child protection clients. Implications for the findings are discussed.
Psychiatric disorders and pregnancy
- Editors:
- O'KEANE Veronica, MARSH Michael, SENEVIRTANE Gertrude
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 326p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Providing a practical guide for psychiatrists, obstetricians, and primary care health providers in the management of psychiatric illness in pregnancy, this important text presents an up-to-date review of the clinical literature relative to clinical management. Key topics include: screening for mental illness in pregnancy; the effects of parental mental illness on children; the mentally ill mother and parenting of infants; infanticide and child abuse; post traumatic stress disorder and childbirth; substance abuse in pregnancy; mental illness and pregnancy from a transcultural perspective.
Psychosocial interventions for maltreated and violence-exposed children
- Authors:
- COHEN Judith A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Issues, 6(4), 2006, pp.737-766.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Child sexual, physical, and emotional abuse as well as child neglect and domestic violence, community violence, and Childhood Traumatic Grief may result in significant and long-lasting emotional and behavioural difficulties. This article reviews randomized controlled studies that have assessed child mental health outcomes for maltreated and violence-exposed children. Key points of this review include the following: (1) maltreated and violence-exposed children typically experience more than one of these types of traumas; (2) effective psychosocial treatments are available to address Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and behavioural problems in these children; (3) it is likely that treatments which effectively reduce mental health symptoms in children exposed to one type of child maltreatment or violence exposure will also be effective for other or multiple types; and (4) mental health outcomes are not the only important outcomes to address in future treatment or intervention efforts. These future directions for treatment intervention research are addressed.