Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Do childhood adversities cluster in predictable ways? A systematic review
- Authors:
- JACOBS Jennifer, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 7(2), 2012, pp.103-115.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Childhood adversities have frequently been linked to a range of difficulties throughout the lifespan including mental health problems, poor physical health and substance abuse. Prior research has found that it is uncommon for adversities to occur in isolation, with exposure to multiple adversities being the norm. The aim of this study was to systematically review prior research which has investigated whether childhood adversities occur in predictable clusters. Following a systematic search of the published research, 12 studies meeting the selection criteria were identified. Eleven of these studies found that childhood adversities did cluster in predictable ways. The number of clusters or factors found ranged from 2 to 7. However, the structure and composition of these clusters were highly inconsistent across the studies. This inconsistency may be due to variation in the number and type of adversities examined, in the definition of ‘childhood’, in the methodologies and criteria used to identify childhood adversities and in the analyses applied to the data. It was suggested in several of the studies that adversities centring on family functioning were most salient in predicting future mental health and behavioural difficulties. Suggestions are provided for future research.
Family relationships in childhood and common psychiatric disorders in later life: systematic review of prospective studies
- Authors:
- WEICH Scott, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(5), May 2009, pp.392-398.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Most evidence for associations between childhood adversity and adult mental illness is retrospective. To evaluate prospective evidence of associations between poor parent–child relationships and common psychiatric disorders in later life. Systematic review of studies published between 1970 and 2008 including: (a) more than 100 participants; (b) measures of relationships in the home during childhood; (c) at least 10 years between assessment of exposures; and (d) measures of anxiety, depression, suicide, suicidal ideation or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Analysis was by narrative synthesis. Twenty-three papers were identified reporting data from 16 cohorts. Abusive relationships predicted depression, anxiety and PTSD. Maternal emotional unavailability in early life predicted suicide attempts in adolescence. Results of studies investigating less severe relationship problems were suggestive but not conclusive of causal association, due partly to methodological heterogeneity. Given the prevalence and disabling nature of common psychiatric problems, these studies highlight the need to minimise harm associated with dysfunctional parent–child relationships.
Perinatal mental health and risk of child maltreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- AYERS Susan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 98, 2019, p.104172.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Mental health problems in parents have been identified as a risk factor for child maltreatment. The perinatal period (from conception to 1 year) is a critical period but it is unclear whether perinatal mental health problems are also associated with increased risk. Objective: To review evidence on perinatal mental health and risk of child maltreatment. Methods: Searches were conducted on six databases and 24 studies reported in 30 papers identified. Studies were conducted in seven countries, mainly the USA (n = 14). Sample sizes ranged from 48-14,893 and most examined mothers (n = 17). Studies were conducted in community (n = 17) or high-risk (n = 7) samples. Results: The majority of studies found a relationship between parental perinatal mental health problems and risk of child maltreatment, but inconsistent findings were observed between and within studies. The few studies that examined fathers (n = 6) all found a relationship between fathers’ mental health and risk of child maltreatment. Meta-analysis of 17 studies (n = 22,042) showed perinatal mental health problems increased risk of child maltreatment by OR 3.04 (95% CI 2.29–4.03). This relationship was moderated by type of sample, with larger effects for risk of child maltreatment in high-risk samples. The relationship was not moderated by type of mental illness, child maltreatment; methodological or measurement factors. Conclusion: The association between perinatal mental health and risk of child maltreatment is similar to that observed at other times during childhood. Methodological heterogeneity and inconsistent findings mean conclusions are tentative and need to be considered alongside other individual, family and social/cultural risk factors. (Publisher abstract)
The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GARDNER M.J., THOMAS H.J., ERSKINE H.E.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 96, 2019, p.104082.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Child maltreatment is a global public health issue that encompasses physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the association between these five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders. Methods: Published cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported associations between any form of child maltreatment (and/or a combination of), and depressive and anxiety disorders. A total of 604 studies were assessed for eligibility, 106 met inclusion criteria, and 96 were included in meta-analyses. The data were pooled in random effects meta-analyses, giving odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each form of child maltreatment. Results: All forms of child maltreatment were associated with depressive disorders (any child maltreatment [OR = 2.48, 2.14–2.87]; sexual abuse [OR = 2.11, 1.83–2.44]; physical abuse [OR = 1.78, 1.57–2.01]; emotional abuse [OR = 2.35, 1.74–3.18]; neglect [OR = 1.65, 1.35–2.02]; and exposure to IPV [OR = 1.68, 1.34–2.10]). Several forms of child maltreatment were significantly associated with anxiety disorders (‘any child maltreatment’ [OR = 1.68, 1.33–2.4]; sexual abuse [OR = 1.90, 1.6–2.25]; physical abuse [OR = 1.56, 1.39–1.76]; and neglect [OR = 1.34, 1.09–1.65]). Significant associations were also found between several forms of child maltreatment and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conclusions: There is a robust association between five forms of child maltreatment and the development of mental disorders. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) includes only sexual abuse as a risk factor for depressive and anxiety disorders. These findings support the inclusion of additional forms of child maltreatment as risk factors in GBD. (Edited publisher abstract)
Factors associated with Type II trauma in occupational groups working with traumatised children: a systematic review
- Authors:
- SAGE Clara A.M., BROOKS Samantha K., GREENBERG Neil
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 27(5), 2018, pp.457-467.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: There is evidence that “Type II trauma” (TTT) - repeated exposure to traumatic events - can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). TTT frequently occurs in occupational groups working with children who are themselves victims of trauma. Aim: To conduct a systematic review identifying risk factors for/protective factors against TTT-associated mental ill-health in employees working with traumatised children and explore how this type of work impacts upon social functioning. Method: Databases were searched for relevant studies and supplemented by hand searches. Results: 836 papers were found and 13 were included in the review. The key themes identified were coping mechanisms; social support; personality; demographics; occupational support; work-related stressors; traumatic exposure; organisational satisfaction; training/experience and impact on life. Conclusion: Unhelpful coping strategies (e.g. denial) appeared to increase the risk of TTT. Training and strong support may be protective and work-related stressors (e.g. excessive workload) appeared detrimental. Despite some positive impacts of the work (e.g. becoming more appreciative of life) many negative impacts were identified, demonstrating the importance of minimising risk factors and maximising protective factors for staff at risk of TTT. (Publisher abstract)
Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GALLO Erika Alejandra Giraldo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 79, 2018, pp.107-114.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child maltreatment has well-documented long-term, adverse effects on mental health, but it is not clear whether there are gender differences in these effects. We conducted a systematic review to investigate whether there are gender differences in the effects of maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety. Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Lilacs were searched for relevant studies published up to May 2016. Eligible studies included population-based studies (with a cohort, case-control or cross-sectional design) which assessed maltreatment during childhood or adolescence (≤18 years) and its association with major depression or generalized anxiety disorder (DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria) in adulthood (>18 years) separately for females and males. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between each exposure and outcome using fixed and random effects models. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated separately for women and men and compared. Five studies of physical and sexual abuse were included in the meta-analyses. These provided twenty-two effects sizes estimates (11 for men, 11 for women) for associations between physical/sexual abuse and depression/anxiety. Exposure to each kind of abuse increased the odds of depression/anxiety. Associations were larger for women than for men, however, these gender differences were not statistically significant. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood/adolescence are risk factors for depression/anxiety in adulthood and the effect could be larger for women; however, currently there is insufficient evidence to definitively identify gender differences in the effects of maltreatment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Systematic review of kinship care effects on safety, permanency, and well-being outcomes
- Authors:
- WINOKUR Marc A., HOLTAN Amy, BATCHELDER Keri E.
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 28(1), 2018, pp.19-32.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Objective: Children in out-of-home placements typically display more educational, behavioural, and psychological problems than do their peers. This systematic review evaluated the effect of kinship care placement compared to foster care placement on the safety, permanency, and well-being of children removed from the home for maltreatment. Methods: Review authors independently read titles and abstracts identified in the searches, selected appropriate studies, assessed the eligibility of each study, evaluated the methodological quality, and extracted outcome data for meta-analysis. Results: Outcome data from the 102 included quasi-experimental studies suggest that, as compared to children in foster care, children in kinship care experience fewer behavioural problems and mental health disorders, better well-being, less placement disruption, fewer mental health services, and similar reunification rates. Conclusions: This review supports the practice of treating kinship care as a viable out-of-home placement option. This conclusion is tempered by methodological and design weaknesses of the included studies. (Edited publisher abstract)
Kinship care for the safety, permanency, and well-being of children removed from the home for maltreatment: a systematic review
- Authors:
- WINOKUR Marc, HOLTAN Amy, BATCHELDER Keri E.
- Journal article citation:
- Campbell Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 2014, pp.1-292.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This systematic review evaluates the effect of kinship care placement compared to foster care placement on the safety, permanency, and well-being of children removed from the home for maltreatment. Searches were carried out on ten electronic databases and hand searching of relevant social work journals and reference lists were carried out. The review retrieved 102 studies with 666,615 children that met methodological standards. The results suggest that children in kinship foster care experience fewer behavioural problems, fewer mental health problems, and less placement disruption than do children in non-kinship care. As regards permanency, there was no difference on reunification rates, although children in non-kinship care were more likely to be adopted, while children in kinship foster care were more likely to be in guardianship. Lastly, children in non-kinship foster care were more likely to utilise mental health services. The major limitation of this systematic review is that the quality of research on kinship care is weakened by the poor methods of the included studies Implications for practice and future research are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)