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Serious juvenile offenders with and without intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- KAAL H. L., BRAND E. F. J. M., VAN NIEUWENHUIJZEN M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 3(2), 2012, pp.66-76.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The mandatory treatment order, also called an order for Placement in an Institution for Juvenile Offenders, is the severest measure a Dutch judge is able to impose on youths. Amongst the group of juveniles under a mandatory treatment order, there is a significant number with an intellectual disability. The purpose of this study is to determine what differences there are in personal characteristics and functioning between juvenile offenders under a mandatory treatment order with IQ<70, IQ 70-85, and IQ>85, in order to be able to better fit supervision and treatment to their needs. Data was drawn from the case files of 1,363 serious juvenile offenders under a mandatory treatment order. The files were scored using the juvenile forensic profile list (FPJ), an instrument that encompasses over 70 characteristics relevant in risk-assessment and for measuring problem behaviour. The analyses showed that the behavioural and mental health problems and background characteristics of juvenile offenders of various IQ-levels (IQ<70, IQ 70-85, and IQ>85) are in many respects very similar. However, differences were found in, for example, social skills and relationships. In addition, the needs inherent with having an intellectual disability have important implications for the way treatment is offered.
Emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents with intellectual disability with and without chronic diseases
- Authors:
- OESEBURG B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(1), January 2010, pp.81-89.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Adolescents with intellectual disability (ID-adolescents) and those with chronic diseases are both more likely to have emotional and behavioural problems. This study assessed the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in ID- adolescents with and without chronic diseases and the impact of chronic diseases in ID-adolescents on the likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems. The study involved a secondary school sample of 1044 ID-adolescents (12-18 years) in the Netherlands. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, questions about chronic diseases and about the background of their child. Prevalence rates of emotional and behavioural problems were generally high in ID-adolescents with chronic diseases (45%), compared to ID-adolescents without chronic diseases (17%). The likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems was high in ID-adolescents with two [odds ratios (OR) 4.47] or more than two chronic diseases (OR 8.01) and for ID-adolescents with mental chronic diseases (OR 4.56). ID-adolescents with somatic chronic diseases had a high likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems (OR 1.99), in particular in the combination of somatic and mental diseases (OR 5.16). The authors conclude that chronic diseases in ID-adolescents, in particular mental diseases, tend to increase the likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems. They suggest this should be taken into account in the provision and planning of care for ID-adolescents.
Experiences of service users with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning with Flexible Assertive Community Treatment: a qualitative study
- Authors:
- NEIJMEIJER Laura, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(5), 2020, pp.1005-1015.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: In the Netherlands, Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) teams have been established for people with mild intellectual disability (MID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and mental health problems or challenging behaviour. Little is known yet about service users’ experiences with FACT. Method: An inductive grounded theory approach was used to explore how service users valued the treatment and their own functioning, and which factors were perceived as supportive. Semi‐structured interviews were held with 15 service users. Results: Most service users highly appreciated the contact with the staff and the practical and emotional support. Persistent involvement, availability and humanity, and respect for autonomy were distinguished as core values in the relationship with the staff. Most service users experienced improvement in time and attributed this to intrapersonal changes and/or less stress in life. Conclusions: From the perspective of service users with MID/BIF, FACT appears to have an added value. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cannabis use and mental health in secondary school children: findings from a Dutch survey
- Authors:
- MONSHOUWER Karin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(2), February 2006, pp.148-153.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study aims to investigate the association between cannabis use and mental health in adolescence. Data from 5551 adolescents aged 12–16 years were drawn from the Dutch Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children school survey, carried out as part of the international 2001 World Health Organization project. After adjusting for confounding factors, cannabis use was linked to externalising problems (delinquent and aggressive behaviour) but not to internalising problems (withdrawn behaviour, somatic complaints and depression). An increasing frequency of use resulted in stronger links. No significant gender or age by cannabis interaction effects were found. The results are also discussed in relation to the liberal drug policy in The Netherlands.
Factors promoting mental health of adolescents who have a parent with mental illness: a longitudinal study
- Authors:
- LOON L.M A.van, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Care Forum, 44(6), 2015, pp.777-799.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Background: Children of parents with mental illness have an elevated risk of developing a range of mental health and psychosocial problems. Yet many of these children remain mentally healthy. Objective: The present study aimed to get insight into factors that protect these children from developing internalising and externalising problems. Methods: Several possible individual, parent–child, and family protective factors were examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample of 112 adolescents. A control group of 122 adolescents whose parents have no mental illness was included to explore whether the protective factors were different between adolescents with and without a parent with mental illness. Results: Cross-sectional analyses revealed that high self-esteem and low use of passive coping strategies were related to fewer internalising and externalising problems. Greater self-disclosure was related to fewer internalising problems and more parental monitoring was related to fewer externalising problems. Active coping strategies, parental support, and family factors such as cohesion were unrelated to adolescent problem behaviour. Longitudinal analyses showed that active coping, parental monitoring, and self-disclosure were protective against developing internalising problems 2 years later. The authors found no protective factors for externalising problems. Moderation analyses showed that the relationships between possible protective factors and adolescent problem behaviour were not different for adolescents with and without a parent with mental illness. Conclusions: The findings suggest that adolescents’ active coping strategies and parent–child communication may be promising factors to focus on in interventions aimed at preventing the development of internalising problems by adolescents who have a parent with mental illness. (Edited publisher abstract)
Integrative treatment in persons with intellectual disability and mental health problems
- Author:
- DOSEN A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(1), January 2007, pp.66-74.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Clinical experience has proven thus far that a monodisciplinary treatment approach to behavioural and psychiatric problems in persons with intellectual disability (ID), such as psychotropic medication or behaviour modification programmes, has yielded limited success. It is clear that the complexity of behavioural and psychiatric problems in this population calls for a treatment approach from different perspectives. This article describes a multidimensional treatment approach to the persons with ID who suffer from behaviour problems and psychiatric disorders. Four dimensions – biological, psychological, social and developmental – are represented as well in an integrative diagnosis as in an integrative treatment, embodied by cooperation of different professionals, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, pedagogues, social worker, nurse and, where possible, the person's caretakers. The developmental dimension receives a salient attention of assessors. By introducing the developmental dimension in diagnostics and treatment, the bio-psycho-social dimensions are set in a new context, more appropriate for persons with ID. The integrative treatment should not be primarily directed towards the symptoms of the disorder but towards restoring a person's mental well-being. The disorder is combated through treatment of the underlying processes that have led to its onset. Different treatment methods from different perspectives may be applied. Strategy and methodological procedures of an integrative treatment are discussed by way of case presentations.