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Developing a theoretical understanding of therapy techniques: an illustrative analogue study
- Authors:
- FREEMAN Daniel, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), June 2005, pp.241-254.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In psychological interventions, clients are often asked to review unhelpful beliefs. Surprisingly, there is no theoretical understanding of how beliefs are reviewed in therapy. Moreover, by understanding a therapeutic technique, potential interactions with symptom processes can be considered. An analogue study assessing the feasibility of researching therapy techniques is described, in which links between symptoms, reasoning style, and an experimental version of the cognitive therapy technique of belief evaluation are examined. Thirty individuals without psychiatric illness completed (i) dimensional measures of depression, anxiety, and delusions, (ii) a measure of confirmatory reasoning both before and after instruction in disconfirmatory reasoning, and (iii) a belief evaluation task. Compared with individuals with a confirmatory reasoning style, individuals with a disconfirmatory reasoning style were less hasty in their data gathering, considered a greater number of hypotheses during the task, had higher intellectual functioning, and had lower levels of depressive symptoms. Conversely, the individuals with the strongest confirmatory reasoning had higher levels of depression and preoccupation with delusional ideation. Successful adoption of disconfirmatory reasoning was associated with less hasty decision-making and lower levels of preoccupation and distress by delusional ideation. Individuals with a disconfirmatory reasoning style reported more evidence both for and against their beliefs in the belief evaluation task. In the context of clinical research indicating that individuals with delusions are hasty in their data gathering and have difficulty considering alternatives, a potential implication of the findings is that individuals with delusions may find belief evaluation in therapy.
Individual peer support: a qualitative study of mechanisms of its effectiveness
- Authors:
- GIDUGU Vasudha, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 51(4), 2015, pp.445-452.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Peer-delivered services for individuals with psychiatric conditions have proliferated over the past three decades. The values and principles underlying peer support have been explored, but understanding is lacking of its mechanisms of action. To shed light on the processes of peer support, the authors conducted a study with individuals who had received substantial individual peer support. Individual interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and examined using a thematic analysis approach. Analysis suggests that individual peer support provided various practical, emotional, and social supports which were perceived as beneficial. Participants valued having someone to rely on, a friend, and someone to socialise with. The authors, however, found that individuals’ expectations of peer support did not always comport with available services. Participants viewed peer support as especially valuable because of the opportunity for a non-treatment based, normalising relationship. It is concluded that peer support complements rather than supplants needed traditional mental health services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding people with mental illness in England 2009-2012
- Authors:
- EVANS-LACKO Sara, HENDERSON Claire, THORNICROFT Graham
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(s55), April 2013, pp.s51-s57.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Public stigma against people with mental health problems is damaging to individuals with mental illness and is associated with substantial societal burden. This study investigates whether public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to people with mental health problems have improved among the English population since the inception of the Time To Change programme in 2009. Longitudinal trends in public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour between 2009 and 2012 among a nationally representative sample of English adults were examined. Results found improvements in intended behaviour and a non-significant trend for improvement in attitudes among the English population. There was, however, no significant improvement in knowledge or reported behaviour. The findings provide support for effectiveness of the national Time to Change programme against stigma and discrimination in improving attitudes and intended behaviour, but not knowledge, among the public in England. (Edited publisher abstract)
Appropriateness of the helpline as a mode of service delivery in minority communities: the case of the Arab population in Israel
- Author:
- AZAIZA Faisal
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 18(4), 2008, pp.463-476.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In 1996, a project providing a helpline to the Arab-speaking population was established in five locations in Israel. The goals were to provide both psychological support and referral information. This article explores the potential fit of the helpline as an appropriate mode of service delivery in ethnic minority communities, particularly within the context of the Arab population living in Israel. The unique situation of the Arabs living in Israel is analysed in terms of their underutilisation of the services and their greater need for services in relation to the prevailing socio-political conditions and cultural norms. The particular features of the helpline as a specific mode of help are then analysed. A representative sample of 200 Arab-speaking subjects took part in telephone questionnaires which assessed basic attitudes towards the helpline in the Arabic language and their awareness of its existence. The mean age of the respondents was 31.7 years and 73.5% were female. Only 10 respondents were aware of the helpline in Arabic. The majority of respondents (84.8%) expressed a positive attitude toward the helpline. Seventy three percent reported that they would use the helpline if they were in distress or crisis. However, 60% reported that they would turn to other sources for help. Though only one respondent had called the helpline, 88.8% said that they would recommend calling the helpline to someone in distress. This was in contrast to 59% who would recommend calling other sources for help. The appropriateness of the helpline as a mode of service delivery for the Arab population living in Israel is discussed in light of these findings.
Young people and mental health: novel methods for systematic review of research on barriers and facilitators
- Authors:
- OLIVER S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Health Education Research, 23(5), 2008, pp.770-790.
- Publisher:
- Oxford Press
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
Barriers to, and facilitators of, good mental health among young people aged 11-21 were identified from a systematic review of studies of their views, and compared with what is known from effectiveness studies about appropriate interventions. No clear pattern for effectiveness emerged in terms of mental health promotion focus, type of intervention, intervention provider or young people. Well evaluated interventions do not always target what young people see as important barriers and facilitators, for example material and physical resources. Rather, they tend to focus on low risk populations and priorities other than those raised by young people themselves.
Reach, awareness and uptake of media guidelines for reporting suicide and mental illness: an Australian perspective
- Authors:
- SKEHAN Jaelea, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 8(4), November 2006, pp.29-35.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
There is increasing interest in media portrayal of suicide and mental illness and the impact that reporting may have on community understanding, attitudes and behaviour. In Australia, the Mindframe Media and Mental Health Project has implemented a national dissemination strategy that supports media professionals in their understanding and use of the guidelines. The strategy used face-to-face briefings, further resource development, promotional activities and work with peak bodies to implement changes in codes of practice. This article examines the effectiveness of an active dissemination strategy, highlighting both quantitative and qualitative evaluation data that indicates substantial reach, awareness of, support for and uptake of these resources by media professionals in Australia.
Mental health awareness training programme at HMP Styal
- Author:
- ROSE Janet
- Journal article citation:
- Prison Service Journal, 162, November 2005, pp.19-23.
- Publisher:
- Her Majesty's Prison Service of England and Wales
This article reports on one aspect of a larger study, concerning the development of mental health awareness training for prison officers in a womens prison, conducted by Bournemouth University and commissioned by the Prison Health Department of the Department of Health. The training was modular and included a general introduction to mental health and well being; self-harm and suicide awareness; awareness of common mental health problems; mental health issues for women prisoners and adolescents. The article looks at the implementation and formal evaluation of the training and the future implementation of mental health training.
Examining the impact of this is my brave on mental illness stigma and willingness to seek help: a pilot study
- Author:
- KOSYLUK Kristin
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 54(3), 2018, p.276–281.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This Is My Brave (TIMB) is a contact-based mental illness stigma reduction program, set in theaters, meant to reduce stigma, increase beliefs about empowerment and recovery, and improve attitudes towards treatment seeking for mental health concerns. The authors conducted the first empirical evaluation of TIMB using a pre-post survey design. Approximately 481 audience members of TIMB performances were invited to complete a survey of stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness, beliefs about recovery and empowerment, and willingness to seek treatment at pre-and post-performance. Analyses of responses from 372 participants using paired samples t-tests revealed changes in the desired direction on all variables from pre-test to post-test. Audience members experienced a decrease in stigma, improvements in beliefs about recovery and empowerment, and greater willingness to seek treatment. TIMB is a promising stigma-reduction program and there is a need for a more detailed investigation of the program’s impact using more rigorous methodology. (Publisher abstract)
Evaluation of ‘see me’ - the national Scottish campaign against the stigma and discrimination associated with mental ill-health
- Authors:
- MYERS Fiona, et al
- Publisher:
- Scotland. Scottish Government Social Research
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 211p.
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
The ‘see me’ campaign had five core objectives: to tackle stigma and discrimination by raising public awareness of how both affect individuals with mental health problems, and by improving public understanding of mental health, to challenge individual incidents of stigma and discrimination, to involve people in anti-stigma activities across Scotland at national and local levels and across sectors and communities of interest, to ensure that the voices and experiences of people with mental health problems and their carers are heard, and to promote a culture of learning and evaluation through all its work, so that effectiveness can be demonstrated and lessons shared. This report presents the findings from an independent 15-month evaluation of the first four years of the campaign. The aims of the evaluation, which started in September 2006 and was commissioned by the Scottish Executive, were to: co-ordinate a detailed account of the development and activities of ‘see me’, determine the extent to which the campaign has met its own strategic objectives, and make recommendations for the future development of anti-stigma work in Scotland.
Evaluation of ‘see me’ - the national Scottish campaign against the stigma and discrimination associated with mental ill-health
- Authors:
- MYERS Fiona, et al
- Publisher:
- Scotland. Scottish Government Social Research
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
‘See me’, the national Scottish campaign against the stigma and discrimination associated with mental ill-health, was launched in October 2002. The campaign’s activities have included national level publicity campaigns targeted at the general population, targeted publicity campaigns aimed at specific groups or environments, work with the media, and support for local activities. Main findings are presented of an independent evaluation of the inception and the first four years of ‘see me’. The aims of the evaluation were to co-ordinate a detailed account of the development and activities of ‘see me’, determine the extent to which the campaign had met its own strategic objectives and make recommendations for future work in Scotland to address the stigma and discrimination experienced by people with mental health problems.