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An investigation of different aspects of overgeneralization in patients with major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder
- Authors:
- HEUVEL Thom J. van den, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(4), November 2012, pp.376-395.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Overgeneralisation (defined as unjustified generalisation on the basis of a single incident), is a prominent concept in cognitive theories of personality and depression. This study carried out in the Netherlands investigated whether it is restricted to negative attributions directed at the self or also extends to positive self-attributions and attributions of situations in the outside world. The study participants were 87 psychiatric patients (34 with major depressive disorder, 18 with borderline personality disorder, and 35 with both) and 50 never-depressed non-patients, who all completed various measures of overgeneralisation. The article describes the study background and methodology, and presents the results of data analysis. It reports that patient groups differ from non-patients with respect to negative and positive overgeneralisation, and that there is variation in positive or negative and direction of overgeneralisation among patients with major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder. It suggests that these patients lack a buffer against negative overgeneralisation directed at the self, and discusses the implications of the study findings.
Adolescents' understanding of mental health problems: conceptual confusion
- Author:
- LEIGHTOB Sharon
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Mental Health, 8(2), June 2009, pp.4-14.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper reports on research into adolescents' mental health literacy, focusing on their ability to recognise two diagnosable mental illnesses and three mental health problems associated with loss. A vignette-based questionnaire was developed and completed by a school-based sample of adolescents in England. Different levels of understanding were identified for each vignette. Participants responded well, demonstrating the different levels of understanding. Grading of the responses provided an opportunity to explore and discuss differences between professional and lay understanding of mental health and illness. The article also considers the implications for practice in terms of mental health promotion.
Changes in public attitudes to depression during the Defeat Depression Campaign
- Authors:
- PAYKEL E.S., HART D., PRIEST R.G.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, December 1998, pp.519-522.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The aims of the Defeat Depression Campaign between 1991 and 1996 included the reduction of stigma associated with depression, education of the public about the disorder and its treatment and encouragement of earlier treatment-seeking. Newspaper and magazine articles, radio and television programmes and other media activities were employed to achieve this. Evaluates the success of the campaign using the results of MORI surveys, whose structured interviews covered views on depression, treatment and GPs. Concludes that positive attitude change was achieved during the campaign, although there is still room for improvement.
Detecting and managing depression in older people
- Authors:
- TYLEE A., KATONA C.L.E.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of General Practice, 46(405), April 1996, pp.207-208.
- Publisher:
- Royal College of General Practitioners
The Royal College of General Practitioners and the Royal College of Psychiatrists have run a Defeat Depression Campaign since 1992. This is aimed at improving public and professional awareness of depression, and thereby, improving its detection and management. A recent initiative within the Campaign has been the publication of a Consensus Statement on Recognition and Management of Depression in Late Life in General Practice. This editorial highlights and justifies some of the key messages of this Consensus Statement.
Measuring elderly people's quality of life through the Beck Hopelessness Scale: a study with a Spanish sample
- Authors:
- SATORRES E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(2), 2018, pp.239-244.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Hopelessness is a key element of suicidal intent. It can instill a pessimistic outlook on the future, leading an individual to believe that suicide is the only answer to their problems. Hopelessness operates as a modulating variable between depression and suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to confirm the factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) in a non-clinical sample. Method: Three hundred and sixty-two Spanish individuals, aged over 60, free of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, completed the BHS scale. Participants were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using one-, two- and three-factor models. Results: The one- and two-factor models presented adequate fit indices. Specifically, the indices of the two-factor models were better than those of the one-factor model. The two-factor model, without items 4, 9 and 14, provided the best fit, given that the indices obtained in the CFA and their internal consistency were better than those of the other models. Conclusion: The validation of the BHS for a population of Spanish older adults provides a reliable and valid measure of hopelessness and could be useful in clinical practice and research as an effective tool for the early detection of suicidal behaviors. (Publisher abstract)
Aging perceptions and self-efficacy mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms in older adults
- Authors:
- O'SHEA D.M., DOTSON V.M., FIEO R.A.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(12), 2017, pp.1217-1225.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Personality traits have been shown to be predictors of depressive symptoms in late life. The authors examined whether other more modifiable sources of individual differences such as self-efficacy and self-perceptions of ageing would mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms in older adults. Method: Data were obtained from 3,507 older adult participants who took part in the 2012 Health and Retirement Study. The “Big Five” personality traits, self-efficacy, ageing perceptions, and depressive symptoms were assessed. Mediation analyses tested the hypothesis that self-efficacy and ageing perceptions would mediate the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms. Results: All five personality traits were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Neuroticism was positively associated with depressive symptoms and had the greatest effect compared with the other personality traits. There was a significant indirect effect of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness on depressive symptoms (including both mediators). The mediating effect of ageing perceptions on the relationship between neuroticism and depressive symptoms was the strongest compared with self-efficacy, accounting for approximately 80% of the total indirect effect. Conclusion: The authors results provide support for interventions aimed at improving self-perceptions related to efficacy and ageing in order to reduce depressive symptoms in older adults. (Edited publisher abstract)
Depression literacy among American Indian older adults
- Authors:
- ROH Soonhee, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 12(6), 2015, pp.614-627.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Older American Indians experience high rates of depression and other psychological disorders, yet little research exist on the depression literacy of this group. Depression literacy is fundamental for individuals seeking help for depression in a timely and appropriate manner. In the present study the authors examine levels and predictors of knowledge of depression symptoms in a sample of rural older American Indians (N = 227) living in the Midwestern United States. Data from self-administered questionnaires indicate limited knowledge of depression and negative attitudes toward seeking help for mental health problems. Additional findings and implications for social work practice and policy are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Exploring attitudes of the general public to stress, depression and help seeking
- Author:
- COE Nicola L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Mental Health, 8(1), March 2009, pp.21-31.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This study explored the attitudes and preferences of the general population about when and where help is sought for stress and depression through the Somerset Health Panels. These comprised 12 two-hour panels held across Somerset England, involving a total of 96 people. The study revealed that a positive and non-judgemental view of depression exists within the general population. The response and support from friends and family is critical in seeking other sources of help, for which the GP is perceived as a gatekeeper. A preferred hierarchy of professional and non-professional sources of help exists, which is not entirely consistent with the arrangements of current services.
A study investigating mental health literacy in Pakistan
- Author:
- SURHAIL Kausar
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 14(2), April 2005, pp.167-181.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
This study was conducted to assess public mental health beliefs in Pakistan. In a large-scale survey, conducted in three cities of Punjab along with their neighbouring suburbs, a total of 1750 people from all walks of life were read a vignette describing symptoms of either psychosis or major depression. Survey participants were requested to provide diagnosis, causes, prognosis, and possible treatments for the disorders. The findings showed that depression was four times more likely to be diagnosed than psychosis. A logistic regression analysis with forward selection for the predictors showed that the type of disorder, education status and area of residence contributed significantly to one's ability to diagnose. More people believed that GPs (23.76%), psychologists (23.92%) and psychiatrists (20.73%) were the right people to consult for these problems. There were also some who considered hakims and homeopaths (4.22%), magical (13.11%) and religious healers (13.54%) as the appropriate people to contact. Those recognizing mental disorders were more likely to identify the underlying causes, prognosis and appropriate treatment of the problems. The current findings suggest a need to initiate large mental health movements in Pakistan to increase the mental health awareness of people, especially targeting uneducated and rural populations.
The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale: factor structure, reliability, and validity with older adults
- Authors:
- FLOYD M., SCOGIN F., CHAPLIN W. F.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 8(2), March 2004, pp.153-160.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Form A (DAS-A), a self-report measure of depression-related attitudes, has been used in numerous depression studies. The DAS-A has a two-factor structure that has been found consistently with college student samples and clinically depressed samples of middle-aged adults, but it has not been validated with older adults. The present study examined the factor structure with a sample of 100 depressed older adults (average age = 68.19; average initial Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD] score = 16.72) who participated in a depression treatment study. Results indicated the factor structure established with younger adults was not replicated with older adults. Furthermore, the factor structure with older adults was uncertain: a single factor structure, two-factor structure, and three-factor structure were essentially of equal validity. The uncertainty of the latent structure of the DAS-A suggests that it should be interpreted with caution whenever used with older adults.