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Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores and mental health in looked after children
- Authors:
- GOODMAN Anna, GOODMAN Robert
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(5), May 2012, pp.426-427.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
British local authorities are required to monitor the mental health of looked after children using mean Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores from parents or carers. This short report used a nationally representative sample (n = 1391, age 5–16) to examine whether differences in mean SDQ scores reflect real differences in child mental health in this group. The SDQ was found to be a genuinely dimensional measure of mental health in these children and provided accurate estimates of disorder prevalence.
The PAS-ADD assessments and their continuing conceptual development
- Author:
- MOSS Steve
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(1), 2012, pp.5-16.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The PAS-ADD assessments (Psychiatric Assessment Schedules for Adults with Developmental Disabilities) have been in continuous development since the mid-1980s. Although originally developed through work on the health status of older people with intellectual disability they now encompass children as well as adults. The author discusses the theoretical and practical issues that have shaped the development of the assessments. The fundamental aim of the modern PAS-ADD system is to improve case detection and assessment by supporting and enhancing the skills of clinical staff, rather than attempting to replace the need for those skills. The assessor makes the final judgement about diagnosis. The PAS-ADD assessments are based on existing psychiatric classification and diagnostic rules for the general population and are conceptually different from instruments derived from psychometric principles. It is suggested that these factors have major implications, both for instrument design and for the evaluation of effectiveness.
Psychometric properties of an assessment for mental health recovery programs
- Authors:
- FISHER Dennis G., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 45(4), August 2009, pp.246-250.
- Publisher:
- Springer
The concept of recovery can be operationalized from either the point of view of the consumer, or from the perspective of the agency providing services. The Milestones of Recovery Scale (MORS) was created to capture aspects of recovery from the agency perspective. Evidence establishing the psychometric properties of the MORS was obtained using: staff at a multi-service organization serving the homeless mentally ill in California; and the Vinfen Corporation, a large provider of housing services to mentally ill persons in Boston, Massachusetts. A test–retest reliability study was conducted using staff rating of clients at The Village, and evidence for validity was obtained using the Level of Care Utilization System (LOCUS) as a validity measure.
The Hoosier Assurance Plan instrument for adults (HAPI-A): the psychometric properties of a level of functioning assessment instrument designed for use in a state managed care mental health program
- Authors:
- McGREW John, NEWMAN Fredrick L., DELIBERTY Richard N.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 43(5), October 2007, pp.481-515.
- Publisher:
- Springer
The psychometric properties of the HAPI-A were examined at intake and 90-day follow-up in consumers with mental illness (MI) or chronic addiction (CA) being served at one of 11 treatment facilities (n = 1168). A 4-factor subscale structure was confirmed and factor invariance tests indicated a single model for the CA and MI samples. Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were good. Factor scores correlated with GAF ratings and predicted membership in severity/cost groupings proposed for setting reimbursement rates. Sensitivity to change was confirmed for all four factors for the CA sample and for three of four factors for the MI sample.
Modifying the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation measure for use with people who have a learning disability
- Authors:
- MARSHALL Keith, WILLOUGHBY-BOOTH Simon
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35(2), June 2007, pp.107-112.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There are few reliable self-report measures suitable for people with a learning disability in reporting psychological distress. This study examines the modification of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), exploring its reliability, using two different presentation styles. One style included a sequencing task then use of a visual histogram scale to facilitate rating; the other prompted participants to indicate presence or absence of symptoms before using the histogram. The study was conducted on a small sample of people with mental health problems who have a mild learning disability. The modified CORE-OM was found to have an excellent test–retest correlation with the group who completed the sequencing task, then the histogram scale, but the other group produced less favourable results. The preliminary results are encouraging, highlighting the need to conduct a larger study after further modifications of the measure.
Validation of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) in a population of people using Secondary Care Mental Health Services
- Authors:
- BASS Malcolm, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 25(4), 2016, pp.323-329.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Aims: To investigate the validity of using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) for measuring the mental well-being of users in a secondary care mental health service user population. Method: Data was collected from two NHS Trusts and one charity. Analyses are based on 1180 completed WEMWBS. Results: WEMWBS scores for this population are significantly lower than those in a general population (Mean 34.9, SD 13.8). Overall the data analyses supported the use of WEMWBS in this population sample. The Rasch analysis found that the majority of the items can be seen as measuring one dimension. The confirmatory factor analysis supports a one factor solution and thus, measures a single underlying concept. Conclusions: The findings from this study show WEMWBS to be a valid and reliable measure for this population sample. (Edited publisher abstract)
The Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter: preliminary validation of a personal recovery measure
- Authors:
- MONGER Bridey, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Psychiatrist (The), 37(7), 2013, pp.221-227.
- Publisher:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
The Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC) is to date the only recovery outcomes instrument developed in Scotland. This paper describes the steps taken to initially assess its validity and reliability, including factorial analysis, internal consistency and a correlation benchmarking analysis. The I.ROC tool showed high internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure comprising intrapersonal recovery (factor 1) and interpersonal recovery (factor 2), explaining between them over 50% of the variance in I.ROC scores. There were no redundant items and all loaded on at least one of the factors. The I.ROC significantly correlated with widely used existing instruments assessing both personal recovery and clinical outcomes. I.ROC is a valid and reliable measure of recovery in mental health, preferred by service users when compared with well-established instruments. It could be used in clinical settings to map individual recovery, providing feedback for service users and helping to assess service outcomes. (Publisher abstract)
Psychometric properties of the Worker Role Interview (version 10.0) in mental health
- Authors:
- LOHSS Isabel, FORSYTH Kirsty, KOTTORP Anders
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75(4), April 2012, pp.171-179.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Occupational therapists working in psychiatry are often required to undertake vocational assessments and to support clients into work. The use of evidence-based practice and outcome measures is becoming increasingly important in ensuring that the process is effective. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Worker Role Interview (WRI) with a psychiatric population in London, particularly its construct validity as a baseline assessment and an outcome measure. Data were collected from 34 psychiatric clients rated by seven occupational therapists. Rasch analysis was used to examine scale validity, validity of therapists' rating patterns of clients, rater consistency, precision of client measurement and the scale's aptitude in detecting different ability levels. All the items except “expectation of success in work” worked together well to reflect psychosocial work ability. Over 90% of clients fitted the model. The scale detected five ability levels, but client measures were a little imprecise. There was evidence of good inter-rater consistency; however the implications of rater tendencies towards leniency are discussed. The authors conclude that the WRI can validly assess psychosocial ability to work within a mental health setting. They suggest that further development of the WRI might be indicated and its usefulness as an outcome measure should be tested with larger samples.
The SDQ as a mental health measurement tool in a Canadian sample of looked-after young people
- Author:
- MARQUIS Roby
- Journal article citation:
- Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 4(2), June 2009, pp.114-121.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is used increasingly internationally in child welfare as a tool for mental-health screening, referral and outcome measurement. This study compared the SDQ scores, based on ratings by foster parents or other caregivers, of 492 young people aged 11-15 years and living in out-of-home care in Ontario, Canada, with normative SDQ scores, based on parental ratings, of a large sample of young people aged 11-15 years from the British general population. Of the Ontario looked-after young people, 57% were male and 43% female, with 86% residing in foster homes and 14% in group homes. As expected, a considerably higher proportion of the Ontario looked-after sample had SDQ scores in the at-risk range, compared with the British normative sample. The findings suggested that the SDQ is likely to prove useful as a mental health measurement tool in Canadian child welfare services.
Identification of mental health service need among youth in child welfare
- Author:
- LEVITT Jessica Mass
- Journal article citation:
- Child Welfare Journal, 88(1), 2009, pp.27-48.
- Publisher:
- Child Welfare League of America
This paper focuses on the ways in which the child welfare system identifies - or fails to identify - children as needing mental health services. The paper reviews current guidelines, policies, and practices for mental health screening and assessment of youth in US child welfare including available evidence-based screening instruments that have been evaluated in child welfare or other settings. It is concluded that the use of evidence-based screening and assessment instruments will improve the identification of children needing mental health services and offer the opportunity to provide appropriate care to children who are currently being overlooked.