Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Classifying psychiatric crises: problems of reliability in post-coding open-ended questions
- Authors:
- PHILLIPS D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research Policy and Planning, 6(1), 1988, pp.1-6.
- Publisher:
- Social Services Research Group
Describes the methodological problems encountered in trying to devise a system for categorising psychiatric crises.
The ChA-PAS interview: for the assessment of mental health problems in children and adolescents: handbook and clinical interview
- Authors:
- MOSS Steve, FRIEDLANDER Robin, LEE Pauline
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 88p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (ChA-PAS) Interview is for the assessment of mental health problems in children and adolescents with learning disabilities. It has been developed from the adult PAS-ADD system, which has become widely used within adult services. The ChA-PAS Interview aims to improve the quality of reports from those with the deepest knowledge of the child or adolescent, including family members, support staff and care staff. Skilled clinicians may also include responses from the child or adolescent where appropriate. Designed to improve the evidence base for child and adolescent psychiatric assessment, this unique resource aids the process of skilled diagnosis and formulation. Scores on the interview score forms are summarised in a way to help this process. The handbook and clinical interview is mapped closely to existing psychiatric practice and includes guidance on thresholds for diagnosis and specific requirements of both ICD 10 and DSM-IV-TR classification systems.
Clinical assessment and diagnosis in social work practice
- Authors:
- CORCORAN Jacqueline, WALSH Joseph
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 518p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
This user-friendly textbook not only guides social workers in developing competence in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) system of diagnosis, it also assists them in staying attuned during client assessment to social work values and principles: a focus on client strengths, concern for the worth and dignity of individuals, appreciation of environmental influences on behaviour, and a reliance on evidence-based approaches. The authors, seasoned practitioner-scholars, provide an in-depth exploration of fourteen major mental disorders that social workers commonly see in practice, integrating several perspectives in order to meet the challenges social workers face in client assessment. A risk and resilience framework helps social workers understand environmental influences on the emergence of mental disorders and the strengths that clients already possess. Social workers will also learn to apply critical thinking to the DSM when it is inconsistent with social work values and principles. Finally, the authors catalogue evidence-based assessment instruments and treatments so that social workers can intervene efficiently and effectively, using the best resources available. Students and practitioners alike will appreciate the wealth of case examples, evidence-based assessment instruments, and treatment plans that make this an essential guide to the assessment and diagnostic processes in social work practice.
The utility of DSM-IV criteria in diagnosing substance abuse/dependence in adolescents
- Authors:
- DEAS Deborah, ROBERTD James S., GRINDLINGER Dani
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Substance Use, 10(1), February 2005, pp.10-21.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of DSM-IV criteria in diagnosing alcohol and marijuana abuse/dependence in adolescents. A modified version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) was administered to assess substance abuse/dependence symptoms in 127 inpatient, treatment-seeking adolescents with substance-use disorders. The proportion of individuals with clinically relevant symptoms was examined separately for individuals classified with either abuse or dependence. Chi-square tests of independence between the abusive/dependent classification and the presence/absence of a given symptom were also performed. Rates of DSM-IV current substance use diagnoses were alcohol abuse 21 (16%), alcohol dependence 44 (35%), marijuana abuse 27 (21%) and marijuana dependence 72 (57%). A diagnosis of marijuana dependence was significantly more likely when tolerance symptoms were present but was not significantly dependent on the presence of withdrawal symptoms. By contrast, the presence of both tolerance and withdrawal symptoms were indicative of alcohol dependence. There was a high degree of heterogeneity of DSM-IV dependence symptoms for both alcohol and marijuana dependence. Our study suggests that the DSM-IV criteria have limitations in diagnosing substance-use disorders in adolescents. A modified version of the SCID may be useful in the adolescent substance use population.
Clinical utility of computed tomography in the assessment of dementia: a memory clinic study
- Authors:
- CONFEDER Kelly A., HAWORTH Judith, WILCOCK Gordon K.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(5), May 2004, pp.414-427.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Seeks to define the influence of computed tomography (CT) on clinical decision-making in the outpatient evaluation of dementia. A case series in which two physicians reviewed standardised data extracted from clinical records, first blind to CT results, and then with CT results. Clinical decisions made with and without the input of CT were compared. The study was based in an outpatient referral centre for the assessment of memory disorders and dementia. The study involved 146 participants who were diagnosed with dementia after their first clinic visit, had Mini Mental State Examination scores >12, were aged >65 years, and had no history of neurologic disease. CT impacted on diagnosis in an average of 12% (±2), and on treatment plan in 11% (±2) of cases. Physicians predicted a priori which cases CT may influence with an average sensitivity of 28% (±2), and specificity of 78.5% (±1.5). There was no statistically significant relationship between diagnostically uncertain cases and helpful CT scans [average 2 = 1.121 (±1.116), p = ns]. Blind to CT physicians appropriately identified cerebrovascular disease with an average sensitivity of 63% (±3), and specificity of 93.5% (±3.5). In the outpatient setting, CT may be expected to impact on diagnosis and treatment of dementia in 10% to 15% of cases. Memory clinic physicians recognise and treat cerebrovascular risk factors with reasonable sensitivity and specificity without the input of CT.
Accuracy of the Whooley questions and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in identifying depression and other mental disorders in early pregnancy
- Authors:
- HOWARD Louise Michele, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 212(1), 2018, pp.50-56.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: There is limited evidence on the prevalence and identification of antenatal mental disorders. Aims: To investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in early pregnancy and the diagnostic accuracy of depression-screening (Whooley) questions compared with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), against the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV-TR. Method: Cross-sectional survey of women responding to Whooley questions asked at their first antenatal appointment. Women responding positively and a random sample of women responding negatively were invited to participate. Results: Population prevalence was 27% (95% CI 22–32): 11% (95% CI 8–14) depression; 15% (95% CI 11–19) anxiety disorders; 2% (95% CI 1–4) obsessive–compulsive disorder; 0.8% (95% CI 0–1) post-traumatic stress disorder; 2% (95% CI 0.4–3) eating disorders; 0.3% (95% CI 0.1–1) bipolar disorder I, 0.3% (95% CI 0.1–1%) bipolar disorder II; 0.7% (95% CI 0–1) borderline personality disorder. For identification of depression, likelihood ratios were 8.2 (Whooley) and 9.8 (EPDS). Diagnostic accuracy was similar in identifying any disorder (likelihood ratios 5.8 and 6). Conclusions: Endorsement of Whooley questions in pregnancy indicates the need for a clinical assessment of diagnosis and could be implemented when maternity professionals have been appropriately trained on how to ask the questions sensitively, in settings where a clear referral and care pathway is available. (Edited publisher abstract)
Routine use of mental health outcome assessments: choosing the measure
- Authors:
- SALVI Giovanni, LESSE Morven, SLADE Mike
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 186(2), February 2005, pp.146-152.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The aim was to investigate the relationship between the items in four staff-rated measures recommended for routine use. Correlation analysis of total scores and factor analysis using combined data from the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS). The Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS), the Threshold Assessment Grid (TAG) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were performed. Procrustes analysis on factors and scales, and Ward's cluster analysis to group the items, were applied. The total scores of the measures were moderately correlated. The Procrustes analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis all agreed on better coverage of the patients' problems by HoNOS and CANSAS. A global severity factor accounts for 16% of the variance, and is best measured with TAG or GAF. The CANSAS and HoNOS each provide a detailed characterisation of the patient; only CANSAS provides information about met needs.
Validity of the Draw-A-Person: Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance (DAP:SPED) in strengths-based assessment
- Authors:
- MATTO Holly C., NAGLIERI Jack A., CLAUSEN Cinny
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 15(1), January 2005, pp.41-46.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This is the first validity study to date to examine the relationship between the Draw-A-Person: Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance (DAP:SPED) and strengths-based emotional and behavioural measures. The incremental predictive validity of the DAP:SPED relative to the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale was examined. Youth in the sample (N = 109; 9 to 14 years old) were in general education classes or receiving special education services. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the DAP:SPED accounted for 21.7% of the variance in Interpersonal Strength parent report (ß = -.480; p < .001), after controlling for demographic variables and Interpersonal Strength student report, and accounted for 27.4% of the variance in Intra-personal Strength, controlling for educational placement. The DAP:SPED is a useful youth-report instrument in large environments (e.g., schools) as a quick and nonthreatening way to identify those youth who may need more specialized attention.
A comparison of special hospital patients and other admissions to a regional low security unit
- Authors:
- SMITH Helen, WHITE Tom, MacCALL Callum
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology (The), 15(4), December 2004, pp.660-668.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study aimed to assess if there were any identifiable characteristics that could predict a length of inpatient stay of greater than 2 years. This was in respect to patients admitted to the low security Tayside Regional Forensic service, over the course of 10 years, from high security and other sources. A comparison of risk characteristics was also conducted between the two groups. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study. The control group were formed from the next consecutive admissions to the unit following an admission from a high secure setting. A full case note review and HCR-20's were carried out on all subjects. Regression analysis was utilized to distinguish if a single factor was significant in predicting a length of inpatient stay of more than 2 years. Patients transferred from special hospitals were more likely to have a diagnosis of Schizophrenia, have more serious index offence and more previous convictions. Patients from the high security group had a higher mean HCR-20 score and a significantly earlier age of onset of illness. The authors were unable to identify a single factor that would predict a length of inpatient stay of more than 2 years. They did identify that patients discharged from high security settings may require a longer inpatient stay and outpatient contact than patients admitted from other sources. The authors hope to add to the discussion concerning the requirement for long term low and medium secure care.
An expanded version of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale: anchors and interview probes for the assessment of adults with Serious mental illness
- Authors:
- DICKERSON Faith B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 39(2), April 2003, pp.131-137.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Objective clinical assessments are important in psychiatric settings to assess patients' functioning and the outcome of rehabilitation interventions. We developed anchors of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS) and tested the inter-rater reliability of the expanded instrument. Twenty patients receiving psychiatric rehabilitation services participated in a structured interview and were rated by two raters. Intraclass correlation coefficients were .96 for the total and .87-.99 for the subscale scores. The expanded MCAS can serve as a reliable assessment tool.