Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Child maltreatment and mental health problems in adulthood: birth cohort study
- Authors:
- KISELY Steve, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 2018, pp.698-703.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Retrospective studies have shown a high association between child abuse and subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Prospective studies are rarer. Aims: To examine, using a prospective record-linkage analysis, whether substantiated child maltreatment is associated with adverse psychological outcomes in early adulthood. Method: The participants were 3778 mother and child pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. Exposure to suspected child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. The primary outcomes were the internalising and externalising scales of the Youth Self-Report and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scales (CES-D) at approximately 21 years of age. A subset completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version (CIDI-Auto). Results: In total, 171 (4.5%) participants had a history of substantiated child maltreatment, most commonly emotional abuse (n = 91), followed by physical abuse (n = 78), neglect (n = 73) and sexual abuse (n = 54). After adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms on the CES-D, as well as internalising and externalising behaviours were strongly associated with substantiated abuse in all forms, except sexual abuse. The results for the subset of the sample who completed the CIDI-Auto were less clear. Anxiety, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, showed the strongest association whereas the findings for depressive disorder were equivocal. However, across all diagnostic categories, emotional abuse and neglect, as well as multiple forms of abuse, showed a consistent association. Conclusions: Child maltreatment, particularly neglect and emotional abuse, has serious adverse effects on early adult mental health. These two warrant the attention given to other forms of child maltreatment. Children experiencing more than one type of maltreatment are at particular risk. (Edited publisher abstract)
Perinatal mental health and risk of child maltreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- AYERS Susan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 98, 2019, p.104172.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Mental health problems in parents have been identified as a risk factor for child maltreatment. The perinatal period (from conception to 1 year) is a critical period but it is unclear whether perinatal mental health problems are also associated with increased risk. Objective: To review evidence on perinatal mental health and risk of child maltreatment. Methods: Searches were conducted on six databases and 24 studies reported in 30 papers identified. Studies were conducted in seven countries, mainly the USA (n = 14). Sample sizes ranged from 48-14,893 and most examined mothers (n = 17). Studies were conducted in community (n = 17) or high-risk (n = 7) samples. Results: The majority of studies found a relationship between parental perinatal mental health problems and risk of child maltreatment, but inconsistent findings were observed between and within studies. The few studies that examined fathers (n = 6) all found a relationship between fathers’ mental health and risk of child maltreatment. Meta-analysis of 17 studies (n = 22,042) showed perinatal mental health problems increased risk of child maltreatment by OR 3.04 (95% CI 2.29–4.03). This relationship was moderated by type of sample, with larger effects for risk of child maltreatment in high-risk samples. The relationship was not moderated by type of mental illness, child maltreatment; methodological or measurement factors. Conclusion: The association between perinatal mental health and risk of child maltreatment is similar to that observed at other times during childhood. Methodological heterogeneity and inconsistent findings mean conclusions are tentative and need to be considered alongside other individual, family and social/cultural risk factors. (Publisher abstract)
The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GARDNER M.J., THOMAS H.J., ERSKINE H.E.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 96, 2019, p.104082.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Child maltreatment is a global public health issue that encompasses physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the association between these five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders. Methods: Published cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported associations between any form of child maltreatment (and/or a combination of), and depressive and anxiety disorders. A total of 604 studies were assessed for eligibility, 106 met inclusion criteria, and 96 were included in meta-analyses. The data were pooled in random effects meta-analyses, giving odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each form of child maltreatment. Results: All forms of child maltreatment were associated with depressive disorders (any child maltreatment [OR = 2.48, 2.14–2.87]; sexual abuse [OR = 2.11, 1.83–2.44]; physical abuse [OR = 1.78, 1.57–2.01]; emotional abuse [OR = 2.35, 1.74–3.18]; neglect [OR = 1.65, 1.35–2.02]; and exposure to IPV [OR = 1.68, 1.34–2.10]). Several forms of child maltreatment were significantly associated with anxiety disorders (‘any child maltreatment’ [OR = 1.68, 1.33–2.4]; sexual abuse [OR = 1.90, 1.6–2.25]; physical abuse [OR = 1.56, 1.39–1.76]; and neglect [OR = 1.34, 1.09–1.65]). Significant associations were also found between several forms of child maltreatment and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Conclusions: There is a robust association between five forms of child maltreatment and the development of mental disorders. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) includes only sexual abuse as a risk factor for depressive and anxiety disorders. These findings support the inclusion of additional forms of child maltreatment as risk factors in GBD. (Edited publisher abstract)
Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GALLO Erika Alejandra Giraldo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 79, 2018, pp.107-114.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child maltreatment has well-documented long-term, adverse effects on mental health, but it is not clear whether there are gender differences in these effects. We conducted a systematic review to investigate whether there are gender differences in the effects of maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety. Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Lilacs were searched for relevant studies published up to May 2016. Eligible studies included population-based studies (with a cohort, case-control or cross-sectional design) which assessed maltreatment during childhood or adolescence (≤18 years) and its association with major depression or generalized anxiety disorder (DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria) in adulthood (>18 years) separately for females and males. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between each exposure and outcome using fixed and random effects models. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated separately for women and men and compared. Five studies of physical and sexual abuse were included in the meta-analyses. These provided twenty-two effects sizes estimates (11 for men, 11 for women) for associations between physical/sexual abuse and depression/anxiety. Exposure to each kind of abuse increased the odds of depression/anxiety. Associations were larger for women than for men, however, these gender differences were not statistically significant. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood/adolescence are risk factors for depression/anxiety in adulthood and the effect could be larger for women; however, currently there is insufficient evidence to definitively identify gender differences in the effects of maltreatment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Childhood maltreatment and DSM-IV adult mental disorders: comparison of prospective and retrospective findings
- Author:
- SCOTT Kate M.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(6), June 2012, pp.469-475.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
A recent review concluded that studies using retrospective assessment of childhood maltreatment provided substantially stronger evidence for an association between childhood maltreatment and subsequent adult mental ill health than studies that prospectively assessed maltreatment; thus casting doubt on the mental health risk conferred by maltreatment and on the validity of retrospective reports. A nationally representative sample of respondents aged 16–27 years (n = 1413) in New Zealand completed a retrospective assessment of maltreatment and DSM-IV mental disorders. Survey data were linked with a national child protection database to identify respondents with maltreatment records (prospective ascertainment). Childhood maltreatment was associated with elevated odds of mood, anxiety and drug disorders (odds ratios 2.1–4.1), however there was no difference in association strength between prospective and retrospective methodology. Prospectively ascertained maltreatment predicted depression with a course involving early onset, more frequent episodes and greater impairment.
Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health: prospective study in males and females
- Authors:
- SPATARO Josie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(5), May 2004, pp.416-421.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The lack of prospective studies and data on male victims leaves major questions regarding associations between child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology. The aim was to examine the association between child sexual abuse in both boys and girls and subsequent treatment for mental disorder using a prospective cohort design. Children (n=1612; 1327 female) ascertained as sexually abused at the time had their histories of mental health treatment established by data linkage and compared with the general population of the same age over a specified period. Both male and female victims of abuse had significantly higher rates of psychiatric treatment during the study period than general population controls (12.4% v. 3.6%). Rates were higher for childhood mental disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders and major affective disorders, but not for schizophrenia. Male victims were significantly more likely to have had treatment than females (22.8% v.10.2%). This prospective study demonstrates an association between child sexual abuse validated at the time and a subsequent increase in rates of childhood and adult mental disorders.
How to improve the well-being of homeless girls: an exploratory study
- Authors:
- CASTANOS-CERVANTES Susana, AGUILAR-VILLALOBOS Javier
- Journal article citation:
- Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 14(1), 2019, pp.63-75.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Worldwide, homeless girls are a highly vulnerable group. They suffer sexual exploitation and forced labour, discrimination, and social exclusion at a higher rate than the rest of the general population. They often present anxiety and depression, unassertiveness and emotion dysregulation, among other psychosocial characteristics. All of these factors negatively impact subjective well-being, further worsening their mental health. Subjective well-being has both immediate (mental health, health behaviours) and long-term, cumulative effects on health (physical health, mortality), representing opportunities for investment in population health. Despite the relevance of subjective well-being and its associated factors, there is scarce research on the plight of homeless girls in Mexico and Latin America, which leads to ineffective interventions, policy actions and to a diminished quality of life. This study was carried out to develop and test a path model of well-being in 240 Mexican homeless girls ages 6–23 years old. Symptoms of anxiety and depression, assertiveness and emotion regulation strategies were used as factors influencing subjective well-being. Results showed that symptoms of depression and functional emotion regulation strategies have a significant direct influence on subjective well-being. Symptoms of anxiety and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies have an indirect influence on subjective well-being with symptoms of depression as the mediating variable. Assertiveness did not significantly influence well-being directly and indirectly. Functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies have a positive significant correlation. Fit indexes obtained indicate an excellent adjustment to data. R square indicates that 38% of the variance in subjective well-being can be explained by this model. Hence, the current study provides unique findings in terms of a model of well-being through which it is possible to design and implement interventions that increase such well-being in order to promote healthier social and emotional developmental trajectories in homeless girls, especially in the context of Latin American cities. (Edited publisher abstract)
Childhood and adult abuse among women in primary health care: effects on mental health
- Authors:
- CARLSON Bonnie E., McNUTT Louise-Anne, CHOI Deborah Y.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(8), August 2003, pp.924-941.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The study looked at 557 women participating in an evaluation of a domestic violence screening intervention in a primary care setting. Depression and anxiety were investigated in relation to seven types of child and adult intimate partner abuse. At the bivariate level, both physical and sexual child abuse were associated with significantly increased risk for all five types of adult abuse as well as depression and anxiety. Multivariate analyses suggested that recent intimate partner violence and high-severity child abuse increased risk for depression, and both recent and past intimate partner violence as well as child abuse increased risk for anxiety. In addition, higher levels of cumulative abuse increased risk for depression and anxiety over the life span even after controlling for other risk factors.
Managing intense emotions and overcoming self-destructive habits: a self-help manual
- Author:
- BELL Lorraine
- Publisher:
- Brunner-Routledge
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 229p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Hove
The treatment of personality disorder is a major concern facing current mental health services. This is a self-help manual for people who would meet the diagnosis of "emotionally unstable" or "borderline personality disorder" (BPD), outlining a brief intervention which is based on a model of treatment known to be effective for other conditions, such as anxiety, depression and bulimia. The manual describes the problem areas, the skills needed to overcome them and how these skills can be developed. Areas covered include: the condition and controversy surrounding the diagnosis of BPD; drug and alcohol misuse; emotional dysregulation and the role of thinking habits and beliefs; depression and difficult mood states; and childhood abuse and relationship difficulties. The book is intended for use by people with BPD and professionals involved in their care: psychologists, psychiatric nurses, psychiatrists and occupational therapists.
Adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes from child abuse and witnessed violence
- Authors:
- JOHSON Renne M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Maltreatment, 7(3), August 2002, pp.170-186.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article examines mental health outcomes of children who have witnessed violence in their social environment and/or have been physically abused. Participants come from a longitudinal study on child maltreatment. Out-comes-including depression, anger, and anxiety-are measured by the Child Behavior Checklist and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children. The majority of children were female and non-White. One third had been physically victimized; 46% had witnessed moderate-high levels of violence. Results confirm that children are negatively affected by victimization and violence they witness in their homes and neighborhoods. Victimization was a significant predictor of child aggression and depression; witnessed violence was found to be a significant predictor of aggression, depression, anger, and anxiety.