Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Physical activity and common mental disorders
- Authors:
- HARVEY Samuel B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(5), November 2010, pp.357-364.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Levels of physical activity have decreased in high income countries. This is known to reduce physical health, but may also negatively affect mental health. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity and common mental disorders. It also established the importance of context, type and intensity of activity undertaken. In a clinical examination of 40,401 Norwegian residents, participants answered questions relating to the frequency and intensity of both leisure-time and workplace activity. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results revealed an inverse relationship between the amount of leisure-time physical activity and case-level symptoms of depression. This association was only present with leisure-time activity and was not dependent on the intensity of activities undertaken. Higher levels of social engagement were important in explaining the relationship between leisure activity and depression. The authors concluded that individuals who regularly engage in physical activity are less likely to exhibit symptoms of depression.
Management of generalised anxiety disorder in adults: summary of NICE guidance
- Authors:
- KENDALL Tim, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 29.1.11, 2011, pp.279-281.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
Generalised anxiety disorder is characterised by worry and apprehension. The article summarises recent guidance on the management of generalised anxiety disorder. It draws on most recent recommendations for the updated guideline from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults.
Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GALLO Erika Alejandra Giraldo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 79, 2018, pp.107-114.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child maltreatment has well-documented long-term, adverse effects on mental health, but it is not clear whether there are gender differences in these effects. We conducted a systematic review to investigate whether there are gender differences in the effects of maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety. Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Lilacs were searched for relevant studies published up to May 2016. Eligible studies included population-based studies (with a cohort, case-control or cross-sectional design) which assessed maltreatment during childhood or adolescence (≤18 years) and its association with major depression or generalized anxiety disorder (DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria) in adulthood (>18 years) separately for females and males. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between each exposure and outcome using fixed and random effects models. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated separately for women and men and compared. Five studies of physical and sexual abuse were included in the meta-analyses. These provided twenty-two effects sizes estimates (11 for men, 11 for women) for associations between physical/sexual abuse and depression/anxiety. Exposure to each kind of abuse increased the odds of depression/anxiety. Associations were larger for women than for men, however, these gender differences were not statistically significant. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood/adolescence are risk factors for depression/anxiety in adulthood and the effect could be larger for women; however, currently there is insufficient evidence to definitively identify gender differences in the effects of maltreatment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Visual art and mental health: a systematic review of the subjective wellbeing outcomes of engaging with visual arts for adults ("working-age", 15-64 years) with diagnosed mental health conditions
- Authors:
- TOMLINSON Alan, et al
- Publisher:
- What Works Centre for Wellbeing
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 66
- Place of publication:
- London
This systematic review examines the subjective wellbeing outcomes for adults with mental health conditions taking part in visual arts. It also examines the processes that have an impact on subjective wellbeing. For the review, searches were conducted on ten electronic databases for research and grey literature. The review is based on the findings of eight research articles and six evaluation reports from UK-based visual arts programmes identified as relevant to the scope of the review. The arts practices featured in the studies included painting, drawing, art appreciation, and more general creative and craft activities. A total of 163 participants from across the four countries of Australia, Sweden, the UK, and the USA were involved in the studies. The review found limited high-quality evidence, though case studies from the UK provided important and consistent findings, corroborated by grey literature on interventions and projects. The evidence identified found that engagement in the visual arts for adults with mental health conditions can reduce reported levels of depression and anxiety; increase self-respect, self-worth and self-esteem; encourage re-engagement with the wider community. It also supports participants a potential renegotiation of identity through practice-based forms of making or doing. Ensure the provision of secure safe-space and non-stigmatising settings for interventions were identified as important factors in implementing interventions. Negative impacts of engaging with arts interventions included stress and pressure felt to complete activities and concerns about the end of an intervention. (Edited publisher abstract)
Disentangling depression and anxiety in relation to neuroticism, extraversion, suicide, and self-harm among adult psychiatric inpatients with serious mental illness
- Author:
- SUBICA Andrew M.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(4), 2016, p.349–370.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: Little is known about depression–anxiety comorbidity and its association with personality traits and suicide/self-harm in adult psychiatric inpatients with serious mental illness (SMI), impacting clinical assessment and treatment. This study sought to determine the symptom structure of depression–anxiety comorbidity and its relation to neuroticism, extraversion, and suicide/self-harm behaviour in this high-risk population. Design: Nine hundred and sixty-two adults receiving inpatient care at a private psychiatric hospital completed questionnaires at admission. Methods: Confirmatory factor analyses compared a bifactor solution specifying a general distress factor and two specific depression and anxiety factors against unidimensional and correlated factors solutions. The bifactor solutions' factors were subsequently correlated with neuroticism and extraversion subscales and pre-hospitalisation suicide/self-harm behaviours. Results: The bifactor model rendered superior fit to sample data and a robust general factor – accounting for 77.61% of common item variance – providing the first evidence for a tripartite structure of depression and anxiety among adult inpatients. The bifactor solution-outputted independent general distress, depression, and anxiety factors positively correlated with neuroticism, the personality dimension corresponding to trait negative affectivity. The general distress and depression factors associated with recent self-harm, but factors showed no associations with prior suicidal behaviour. Conclusions: In adult psychiatric inpatients, general distress substantially underlies comorbid depression and anxiety symptom variation and may contribute to recent incidence of self-harm. Transdiagnostic assessments and interventions targeting general distress may temper depression, anxiety, and self-harm in adult inpatients. Practitioner points - Clinical implications: a) Depression–anxiety comorbidity symptomology in adult psychiatric inpatients is primarily composed of general distress; b) General distress and specific depression are associated with recent self-harm but not suicidal behaviour; c) Assessing and treating general distress rather than depression or anxiety specifically may best mitigate comorbid depression and anxiety, and reduce self-harm behaviour in this clinical population. Cautions and limitations: a) The large sample lacked ethnocultural diversity, and data were cross-sectional; b) The use of brief self-report measures to assess depression and anxiety may have reduced measurement range. (Edited publisher abstract)
Impact of separation anxiety on psychotherapy outcomes for adults with anxiety disorders
- Authors:
- KIRSTEN Laura T., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 8(1), March 2008, pp.36-42.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Anxiety is highly prevalent in the community, and despite improvements in therapy a significant proportion of people tend to relapse, or remain significantly symptomatic. Theorists have proposed that untreated attachment anxieties and separation conflicts emerge from childhood development to be pervasive problems in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of juvenile and concurrent adult separation anxiety on psychotherapy outcomes. It was hypothesised that separation anxiety impedes therapy progress. A sample of 154 adults with a DSM-IV anxiety disorder received eight weekly sessions of group cognitive-behaviour therapy. In addition to intake and termination measures of anxiety and depression, participants also completed measures of juvenile and adult separation anxiety and the influence of these on outcomes was studied. Higher adult separation anxiety was associated with a greater likelihood of anxiety and comorbid depression remaining unremitted at termination of treatment. Higher juvenile separation anxiety was only associated with a greater likelihood of still being comorbidly depressed at termination of treatment. The findings of this study highlight the need to modify conventional exposure-based CBT treatments, and provide psychodynamic treatments that address attachment anxieties and separation conflicts.
The origins and course of common mental disorders
- Authors:
- GOLDBERG David, GOODYER Ian
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 230p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This book describes the nature, characteristics and causes of common emotional and behavioural disorders across the lifespan, providing an account or recent advances in our knowledge of the origins and history of anxious, depressive and behavioural disorders. Combining a lifespan approach with developments in neurobiology, this book describes the epidemiology of emotional and behavioural disorders in childhood, adolescence and adult life. Goldberg and Goodyer demonstrate how both genes and environments exert different but key effects on the development of these disorders and suggest a developmental model as the most appropriate for determining vulnerabilities for psychopathology.
Exploration of mental health outcomes of community-based intervention programs for adult male survivors of childhood sexual abuse
- Authors:
- YUN Sung Hyun, FIORINI Lydia
- Journal article citation:
- Groupwork, 29(2), 2020, pp.58-84.
- Publisher:
- Whiting and Birch
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical treatment for male survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) who deal with depression, anxiety, stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Secondary data was used in the study, and a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed to compare pretest (n = 346) with posttest (n = 91) scores. The analysis shows statistically significant improvements with respect to depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD after treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between individual and mixed treatment (including group and individual counselling) regarding alleviating mental health symptoms. Despite a lack of statistical difference between treatments, the results confirm that interventions were equally effective in reducing negative mental health symptoms. The study contributes to the generation of evidence-based knowledge for treatment and its ability to reduce negative mental health symptoms for adult male survivors of CSA. It also informs practitioners of the utility of a male-specific treatment modality based on trauma-focused cognitive and behavioral therapies (TF-CBT) and the gender role strain paradigm (GRSP). (Edited publisher abstract)
Visual art and mental health: briefing
- Author:
- WHAT WORKS CENTRE FOR WELLBEING
- Publisher:
- What Works Centre for Wellbeing
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 4
- Place of publication:
- London
Summarises key findings of a systematic review into the effects of visual art interventions on the wellbeing of adults with a mental health condition. Although the review found limited good quality evidence for visual arts impacts, case studies from the UK provided important and consistent findings. The evidence available found that visual arts activities can reduce depression and anxiety and increase confidence and self-esteem. The most effective interventions were those that provided safe spaces where people did not feel stigmatised and were facilitated by empathetic teams of practitioners or researchers. The briefing also includes a case study of the Designs in Mind project, a studio of designer-makers referred through mental health services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Organic vs. functional neurological disorders: the role of childhood psychological trauma
- Authors:
- KARATZIAS Thanos, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 63, 2016, pp.1-6.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Although the relationship between psychological trauma and medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is well established, this relationship is less well understood in people with medically unexplained neurological symptoms. In the present study, the authors set out to compare people with functional neurological disorders, and organic neurological disorders, in terms of childhood and adulthood traumatic events, traumatic stress, emotional dysregulation and symptoms of depression and anxiety. It is hypothesised that those with functional neurological disorders would be more likely to report childhood and adulthood traumatic life events, traumatic symptomatology, emotional dysregulation and symptoms of anxiety and depression, compared to those with organic neurological disorders. Sample consisted of a consecutive series of people with functional neurological disorders and with organic neurological disorders (n = 82) recruited from a hospital in Scotland. Participants completed measures of life events, traumatic stress, emotional regulation, anxiety and depression. The two groups were found to significantly differ in relation to all measures, with the MUS group being more likely to report childhood and adulthood life events, more severe emotional dysregulation, traumatic stress and symptoms of anxiety and stress. Logistic regression analysis revealed that exposure to childhood traumatic life events, specifically childhood sexual abuse, and childhood physical neglect, were the only factors which were significantly associated with membership of the medically unexplained neurological symptoms group. Although further research is required to confirm the authors' findings, their results suggest that identifying and addressing the impact of childhood trauma, may alleviate distress and aid recovery from functional neurological disorders. (Edited publisher abstract)