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Does violence affect one gender more than the other? The mental health impact of violence among male and female university students
- Authors:
- ROMITO Patrizia, GRASSI Michele
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 65(6), September 2007, pp.1222-1234.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study explores whether violence has a different impact on males and females in a sample of 502 Italian university students, responding to a self-administered questionnaire. The authors considered violence by family members, witnessed family violence, peers/school violence, intimate partner violence, and sexual violence. Mental health outcomes included: depression, panic attacks, heavy alcohol use, eating problems, suicidal ideation and attempts, and self-evaluation of health. Both males and females reported similar rates of experienced and witnessed family violence as well as of intimate partner violence, to which women reacted more negatively than men. Peers/school violence was more common among men. Sexual violence was more common and more severe among females. Among mental health effects, panic attacks were more common among females, and alcohol problems among males. The authors considered the cumulative impact of violence, calculating the odds ratios (ORs) for reporting each health outcome after having experienced zero, one, two, three or four/five types of violence. For both men and women, the more violence, the higher the risk of health problems; however, the real jump in the risk of mental suffering occurred between three and four /five types of violence, the latter category more often female. Moreover, the authors obtained ORs for the relationships between health outcome and each type of violence, after adjustment for the other types of violence. For experienced and witnessed family violence, the health impact was similar for males and females; for intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and peer/school violence it was larger for females. In the literature, women report more violence-related health problems than men. Results of the present study imply that the excess health problems among women may result from more intense or more frequent experiences of violence.
Impact of psychiatric disorders on health-related quality of life: general population survey
- Authors:
- SAARNI Samuli I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(4), April 2007, pp.326-332.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with generic preference-based instruments enables comparisons of severity across different conditions and treatments. This is necessary for rational public health policy. The aim was to measure HRQoL decrement and loss of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with pure and comorbid forms of depressive and anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. A general population survey was conducted of Finns aged 30 years and over. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and HRQoL was measured with the 15D and EQ–5D questionnaires. Dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder and social phobia were associated with the largest loss of HRQoL on the individual level before and after adjusting for somatic and psychiatric comorbidity. On the population level, depressive disorders accounted for 55%, anxiety disorders 30%, and alcohol dependence for 15% of QALY loss identified in this study. Chronic anxiety disorders and dysthymia are associated with poorer HRQoL than previously thought.
The health of young people in care and leaving care in Glasgow
- Author:
- RIDLEY S
- Publisher:
- The Big Step
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 35p.
- Place of publication:
- Glasgow
This big step research report is based on a study commissioned to examine the health needs and issues of a sample of young people being looked after by their local authority in Glasgow. Topics covered include, demographics, mental health, nutrition, sexual health and relationships, smoking, drug use, alcohol use, and leaving care.
Older people and alcohol misuse: setting the agenda; report of a one-day conference organised by Age Concern Wandsworth, 14th March 2002
- Author:
- AGE CONCERN WANDSWORTH
- Publisher:
- Age Concern
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 12p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The conference highlighted such issues as: older people's knowledge about drinking; older people's attitudes to drinking; older people's drinking behaviour; special problems encountered by older people which are related to alcohol; and effective interventions. It also drew attention to models of best practice and the ways of developing services for alcohol related needs of elders.
Psychiatric disorders among the homeless: a comparison of older and younger groups
- Authors:
- DeMALLIE Diane A., NORTH Carol S., SMITH Elizabeth M.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 37(1), February 1997, pp.61-66.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Looks at the differences between older and younger homeless subgroups by interviewing homeless people in the USA using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Results showed that 13 percent of the 600 men and 3 percent of the 300 women were in the older group. Compared with their younger counterparts, older subjects were more likely to be male and white, to report lower incomes and poorer health, and to meet criteria for lifetime alcohol-use disorder. Fewer older than younger subjects met criteria for lifetime drug use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. These findings suggest that older and younger people individuals have different vulnerabilities to homelessness.