Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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A typology of community violence perpetration and victimization among adults with mental illnesses
- Authors:
- JOHNSON Kiersten L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(3), 2015, pp.522-544.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article evaluates the overlap between community violence perpetration and victimisation in a large, heterogeneous sample of adults with mental illnesses (N = 4,474). The authors also explore participant characteristics differentiating four categories of perpetration and victimization: non-victim/non-perpetrators, victims only, perpetrators only, and victim-perpetrators. Results indicated that adults with mental illnesses were unlikely to report violent outcomes but, when they did, were more likely to report perpetration and victimization, rather than perpetration alone. In addition, bivariate and multivariable analyses showed that sex, age, race/ethnicity, and primary diagnosis differed across categories. Victim-perpetrators, for example, were more likely to be young, Black, and have a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, substance use disorder, or 'other.' The findings provide evidence for a victim-perpetrator overlap in this population and suggest that preventive measures targeting violence and victimization may be more effective than those with separate strategies for each. (Edited publisher abstract)
Severe interpersonal violence against children in sport: associated mental health problems and quality of life in adulthood
- Authors:
- VERTOMMEN Tine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 76, 2018, pp.459-468.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
In a recent large-scale prevalence study of interpersonal violence (IV) against child athletes in the Netherlands and Belgium we found that 9% of adult respondents who participated in organised sports before the age of 18 had experienced severe psychological violence, 8% severe physical violence, and 6% severe sexual violence in various sport settings. While the general literature has repeatedly shown that exposure to IV during childhood is associated with mental health problems in adulthood and to a lesser extent with reduced quality of life (QOL), these relationships have not been demonstrated in (former) athletes. Thus, the current study aims to assess the association of severe childhood IV in sport and adult wellbeing. Depression, anxiety, and somatisation were assessed in the same general population sample (N = 4043) using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and QOL with the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Brèf). The association between severe IV in sport and adult wellbeing was investigated using multiple linear regression while controlling for demographics, recent life events, and relatives’ psychological problems. The authors found severe sexual, physical, and psychological childhood IV in sport to be associated with more adult psychological distress and reduced QOL. Polyvictimisation shows the strongest correlation with poorer wellbeing and QOL. Recent life events, relatives’ psychological problems, marital status, and level of education were significant covariates in the psychological symptoms and QOL assessed. The authors hope that these new insights prompt sport administrators to implement broad spectrum child protection measures and raise the awareness of mental health professionals about the necessity to also screen for adverse childhood experiences in the sport context. (Edited publisher abstract)
Harmed? harmful? experiencing abusive adult children with mental disorder over the life course
- Authors:
- BAND-WINTERSTEIN Tova, AVIELI Hila, SMELOY Yael
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(15), 2016, pp.185-194.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Older parents of an adult child coping with a mental disorder that is expressed by violent deviant behaviour face significant parenting challenges. The purpose of this article is to explore the ways older parents exposed to abuse by their adult children with mental disorder (ACMD) perceived their child’s violent deviant behaviour along the life course. In a qualitative-phenomenological study, 16 parents aged 58 to 90 were interviewed in depth. Three major themes emerged: (a) ongoing total care for the child’s needs along the life course, (b) constructions and perceptions of the child through the years—Parents perceived their children over two continua, reflecting their experience of the child’s deviant behaviour: the child as more harmed versus more harmful, the child as normative versus pathological—and (c) the parent’s emotional world toward the harmed–harmful child. The findings enable a deeper understanding of the various ways in which parents cope with living with deviant behaviours of their ACMD. Hence, this study can serve as a framework for developing tailored and differential intervention methods. (Edited publisher abstract)
Developing an evidence base for violent and disablist hate crime in Britain: findings from the Life Opportunities Survey
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, ROULSTONE Alan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(17), 2014, pp.3086-3104.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The U.K.’s Life Opportunities Survey was used to examine disabled people’s self-reported exposure to violent crime, hate crime, and disablist hate crime in the UK over a 12 month period. Information was collected from a nationally representative sample of 37,513 British adults (age 16 or older). Results indicated that (a) disabled adults were significantly more likely to have been exposed over the previous 12 months to violent crime and hate crime than their non-disabled peers, (b) the differential risk of exposure to violent crime was particularly elevated among disabled adults with mental health problems, (c) the differential risk of exposure to hate crime was particularly elevated among disabled adults with mental health problems or cognitive impairments; and (d) these effects were strongly moderated by poverty status with no increase in differential risk of exposure for disabled adults among more wealthy respondents. (Edited publisher abstract)
Youth victimization in Sweden: Prevalence, characteristics and relation to mental health and behavioral problems in young adulthood
- Authors:
- CARTER Asa K., ANDERSHED Anna-Karin, ANDERSHED Henrik
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(8), 2014, pp.1290-1302.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The present study examines multiple types of victimization simultaneously, their prevalence and characteristics in childhood and adolescence, and it examines the associations between victimization and poly-victimization on the one hand and single and multiple mental health and behavioural problems on the other. The sample consisted of 2,500 Swedish young adults (20–24 years) who provided detailed report of multiple types of lifetime victimization and current health and behaviours via an interview and a questionnaire. Results showed that it was more common to be victimized in adolescence than in childhood and more common to be victimized repeatedly rather than a single time, among both males and females. Males and females were victimized in noticeably different ways and partially at different places and by different perpetrators. With regard to mental health and behavioural problems, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, self-harm, and criminality were clearly overrepresented among both males and females who had experienced any type of victimization. Poly-victimization was related to single and multiple mental health and behavioural problems among both males and females. Concludes that professionals need to conduct thorough evaluations of victimization when completing mental health assessments among troubled youths, and that youth might benefit from the development of interventions for poly-victimized youth. (Edited publisher abstract)
Associations between childhood abuse and interpersonal aggression and suicide attempt among U.S. adults in a national study
- Authors:
- HARFORD Thomas C., YI Hsiao-ye, GRANT Bridget F.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(8), 2014, pp.1389-1398.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study examines associations among childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse and violence toward self (suicide attempts [SA]) and others (interpersonal aggression [IA]). Data were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Waves 1 and 2 in the US (n = 34,653). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between type of childhood abuse and violence categories, adjusting for demographic variables, other childhood adversity, and DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of reported childhood abuse was 4.60% for physical abuse, 7.83% for emotional abuse, and 10.20% for sexual abuse. Approximately 18% of adults reported some form of violent behaviour, distributed as follows: IA, 13.37%; SA, 2.64%; and SA with IA, 1.85%. After adjusting for demographic variables, other childhood adversity, and psychiatric disorders, each type of childhood abuse was significantly related to increased risk for each violence category as compared with the no violence category. Furthermore, the odds ratio of childhood physical abuse was significantly higher for SA with IA when compared with IA, and the odds ratio of childhood sexual abuse was significantly higher for SA and SA with IA when compared with IA. Childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse is directly related to the risk for violent behaviours to self and others. Both internalizing and externalizing psychiatric disorders impact the association between childhood abuse and violence. The inclusion of suicidal behaviours and interpersonal aggression and internalizing/externalizing psychiatric disorders within an integrated conceptual framework will facilitate more effective interventions for long-lasting effects of child abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Violence and aggression: short-term management in mental health, health and community settings
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Place of publication:
- London
Guidance offering evidence-based advice on the short-term management of violence and aggression in mental health, health and community settings in adults, children (aged 12 years or under) and young people (aged 13 to 17 years). Recommendations cover the principles of managing violence and aggression; prevention and reducing risk; the use of restrictive interventions in inpatient psychiatric settings; and managing violence and aggression in emergency departments and in community and primary care settings. Recommendations are relevant to a broad range of settings, including inpatient psychiatric care, emergency and urgent care, secondary mental health care (such as care provided by assertive community teams, community mental health teams, early intervention teams and crisis resolution and home treatment teams), community healthcare, primary care, social care and care provided in people’s homes. The recommendations also cover children and young people aged under 16, family members and carers. This guideline updates and replaces NICE guideline CG25 (published February 2005) (Edited publisher abstract)
Annual report of the Chief Medical Officer 2013, public mental health priorities: investing in the evidence
- Authors:
- DAVIES Sally C., et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department of Health
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 320
- Place of publication:
- London
The 2013 annual report of the Chief Medical Officer looks at the epidemiology of public mental health, the quality of evidence, and possible future innovations. It aims to increase transparency about progress within public health and to help encourage improvements across England. The first chapters provide the Chief Medical Officer's response to the evidence-base and the challenges facing public health in England. They also make 14 recommendations to improve the public’s mental health. These are grouped into the areas of: commissioning and service development; information, intelligence an data, work, workforce training and practice; and policy. The remainder of the report is written by a range of internationally recognised experts who provide evidence about key issues in public mental health in England. Sections covered are: science and technology; mental health across the life course (covering children, young people, adults and older adults); the economic case for better public mental health: parity of esteem and the importance of treating mental health as equal to physical health; and the needs and safety of people with mental illness. This section includes discussion of violence, suicide and self-harm; addictions, dependence and substance misuse; and ethnic inequalities and social exclusion. Key highlights from the report include the need to acknowledge that mental health is just as important as mental health and the need to help people with mental illness stay in work. (Edited publisher abstract)
The link between childhood trauma and later violent offending: the application of attachment theory in a probation setting
- Author:
- RENN Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Attachment and Human Development, 4(3), December 2002, pp.294-317.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article identifies the links between an insecure-avoidant pattern of attachment organization, unresolved childhood trauma, emotional detachment, substance misuse and violent offending behaviour in adulthood. It demonstrates the way in which attachment theory may be used to explicate offending behaviour and to assess risk in a forensic setting. Further, the model illustrates that the clinical application of attachment theory in brief, time-limited work may enhance the offender's capacity for narrative intelligibility leading to an integration of dissociated thoughts and emotional affect, and to a concomitant cessation of violent behaviour. The process is intersubjective and involves the modification and updating of maladaptive, perceptually distorted cognitive-affective internal working models. This is accomplished by strengthening the offender's capacity for reflective thought, which, in turn, facilitates the organization and integration of error-correcting information.