Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Childhood IQ in relation to later psychiatric disorder. Evidence from a Danish birth cohort study
- Authors:
- BATTY G. David, MORTENSEN Erik L., OSLER Merete
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(2), August 2005, pp.180-181.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Studies examining the relationship between early-life IQ and the risk of subsequent psychiatric disorder in adulthood are scarce. In the present investigation, the childhood IQ scores of 7022 singleton-born Danish males were linked to psychiatric hospital discharge records in adulthood. IQ scores were inversely related to the risk of total psychiatric illness, with the highest levels apparent in the lowest scoring IQ group. Adjusting for paternal occupational social class and birth weight had only a small attenuating effect. Low childhood IQ may have an aetiological role in the development of adult total psychiatric disorder.
Childhood cognitive ability and adult mental health in the British 1946 birth cohort
- Authors:
- HATCH Stephani L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 64(11), June 2007, pp.2285-2296.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The authors examined whether childhood cognitive ability was associated with two mental health outcomes at age 53 years: the 28 item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) as a measure of internalising symptoms of anxiety and depression, and the CAGE screen for potential alcohol abuse as an externalising disorder. A total of 1875 participants were included from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, also known as the British 1946 birth cohort. The results indicated that higher childhood cognitive ability was associated with reporting fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression GHQ-28 scores in women, and increased risk of potential alcohol abuse in both men and women. Results were adjusted for educational attainment, early socioeconomic status (SES) and adverse circumstances, and adult SES, adverse circumstances, and negative health behaviours. After adjusting for childhood cognitive ability, greater educational attainment was associated with reporting greater symptoms of anxiety and depression on the GHQ-28. Although undoubtedly interrelated, this evidence on the diverging effects of childhood cognitive ability and educational attainment on anxiety and depression in mid-adulthood highlights the need for the two to be considered independently. While higher childhood cognitive ability is associated with fewer internalising symptoms of anxiety and depression in women, it places both men and women at higher risk for potential alcohol abuse. Further research is needed to examine possible psychosocial mechanisms that may be associated with both higher childhood cognitive ability and greater risk for alcohol abuse. In addition, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the gender-specific link between childhood cognitive ability and the risk of experiencing internalising disorders in mid-adulthood warrants further consideration.
Life course pathways of adverse childhood experiences toward adult psychological well-being: a stress process analysis
- Authors:
- NURIUS Paula S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 45, 2015, pp.143-153.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Growing evidence suggests that toxic stressors early in life not only convey developmental impacts but also augment risk of proliferating chains of additional stressors that can overwhelm individual coping and undermine recovery and health. Examining trauma within a life course stress process perspective, the authors posit that early childhood adversity carries a unique capacity to impair adult psychological well-being both independent of and cumulative with other contributors, including social disadvantage and stressful adult experiences. This study uses data from a representative population-based health survey (N = 13,593) to provide one of the first multivariate assessments of unique, cumulative, and moderated effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) toward explaining 3 related yet distinct measures of adult mental health: perceived well-being, psychological distress, and impaired daily activities. Results demonstrate support for each set of hypothesised associations, including exacerbation and amelioration of ACEs effects by adult stress and resilience resources, respectively. Implications for services and future research are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand
- Authors:
- FERGUSSON David M., McLEOD Geraldine F.H., HORWOOD L. John
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(9), 2013, p.664–674.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Objectives: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been associated with many adverse medical, psychological, behavioural and socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. This study aims to examine the linkages between CSA and a wide range of developmental outcomes over a protracted time period to age 30. Methods: Data from over 900 members of the New Zealand birth cohort the Christchurch Health and Development Study were examined. CSA prior to age 16 was assessed at ages 18 and 21 years, in addition to: mental health, psychological wellbeing, sexual risk-taking behaviours, physical health and socioeconomic outcomes to age 30. Results: After statistical adjustment for confounding by 10 covariates spanning socio-demographic, family functioning and child factors, extent of exposure to CSA was associated with increased rates of (B, SE, p): major depression (0.426, 0.094, <.001); anxiety disorder (0.364, 0.089, <.001); suicidal ideation (0.395, 0.089, <.001); suicide attempt (1.863, 0.403, <.001); alcohol dependence (0.374, 0.118, <.002); and illicit drug dependence (0.425, 0.113, <.001). In addition, at age 30 CSA was associated with higher rates of PTSD symptoms (0.120, 0.051, .017); decreased self-esteem (−0.371, 0.181, .041); and decreased life satisfaction (−0.510, 0.189, .007). Childhood sexual abuse was also associated with decreased age of onset of sexual activity (−0.381, 0.091, <.001), increased number of sexual partners (0.175, 0.035, <.001); increased medical contacts for physical health problems (0.105, 0.023, <.001); and welfare dependence (0.310, 0.099, .002). Effect sizes (Cohen's d) for the significant outcomes from all domains ranged from .14 to .53, while the attributable risks for the mental health outcomes ranged from 5.7% to 16.6%. Conclusions: CSA is a traumatic childhood life event in which the negative consequences increase with increasing severity of abuse. CSA adversely influences a number of adult developmental outcomes that span: mental disorders, psychological wellbeing, sexual risk-taking, physical health and socioeconomic wellbeing. While the individual effect sizes for CSA typically range from small to moderate, it is clear that accumulative adverse effects on adult developmental outcomes are substantial. (Publisher abstract)
The origins and course of common mental disorders
- Authors:
- GOLDBERG David, GOODYER Ian
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 230p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This book describes the nature, characteristics and causes of common emotional and behavioural disorders across the lifespan, providing an account or recent advances in our knowledge of the origins and history of anxious, depressive and behavioural disorders. Combining a lifespan approach with developments in neurobiology, this book describes the epidemiology of emotional and behavioural disorders in childhood, adolescence and adult life. Goldberg and Goodyer demonstrate how both genes and environments exert different but key effects on the development of these disorders and suggest a developmental model as the most appropriate for determining vulnerabilities for psychopathology.
Early life family disadvantages and major depression in adulthood
- Authors:
- SADOWSKI H., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, February 1999, pp.112-120.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
There is evidence that exposure to social and family disadvantages in childhood are a risk factor for adult depression. This article explores the effects of multiple adversity in early childhood on adult depression, and the relative effects of the different adversities. Concludes that social and family (especially multiple family) disadvantages during childhood predispose individuals to an increased risk of major depression in adulthood.
Childhood attachment and abuse: long-term effects on adult attachment, depression, and conflict resolution
- Authors:
- STYRON Thomas, JANOFF-BULMAN Ronnie
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(10), October 1997, pp.1015-1023.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Determines the relative contributions of early attachment and abuse history to adult attachment, depression, and conflict resolution behaviours. Differences between abused and nonabused respondents were also assessed. Results suggest the long-term impact of abuse may be mediated by early attachment experiences, whereas the long-term impact of abuse on conflict resolution behaviours may be considerably more direct.
Severe stress and mental disturbance in children
- Editor:
- PFEFFER Cynthia R.
- Publisher:
- American Psychiatric Press
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 697p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Washington, DC
Blends current research and clinical data on the effects of severe stress in children. Asks how major stressful events such as accidents, sexual abuse, violence, divorce, adoption, natural disasters, during the developmental stages relate to functioning in adulthood. Describes stressful situations such as accidents, suicide, and violent and sexual abuse. New areas of research, for example that of the stressful effects of sophisticated medical technology in the treatment of childhood life-threatening illnesses, are explored. Implicit in the emphasis on the book is the importance of integrating scientific inquiry with social policy planning.
Long-term affective disorder in people with mild learning disability
- Authors:
- RICHARDS Marcus, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, December 2001, pp.523-527.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study aimed to determine risk of affective disorder in those classified with mild learning disability in the British 1946 birth cohort and to investigate whether this risk was accounted for by disadvantage in childhood and adulthood. Showed that learning disability was associated with a fourfold increase in risk of affective disorder, not accounted for by social and material disadvantage or by medical disorder.
Measuring outcomes for children: early parenting experiences, conflict, maladjustment and depression in adulthood
- Authors:
- BUCHANAN Ann, TEN BRINKE JoAnn
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 20(3), 1998, pp.251-278.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Based on longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study, the current study explores the relationships between different types of family difficulties and conflict, parenting experiences, maladjustment at 16, and the risk of depression in adult life. The best indicator that family difficulties and conflict were impinging on a particular child, with potentially long term psychological impacts, was the Rutter 'A' Health and Behaviour score at age 16. This study concludes that such measures could be more readily used in social work to monitor intervention and assess outcomes.